Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.3.102
Sung Jin Kim, 김성진
{"title":"Theoretical Considerations of Numerical Model for Hydrogen Diffusion Behavior of High-Strength Steel Under Combined Action of Tensile Stress and H 2 S Corrosion, 인장응력과 H 2 S 부식의 복합조건 하에서 고강도 강재의 수소확산 거동 분석을 위한 Numerical 확산모델과 이론적 고찰","authors":"Sung Jin Kim, 김성진","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.3.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.3.102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45422947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.3.86
Ki Tae Kim, Y. Yoo, Y. Kim
Parameters to affect atmospheric corrosion can be divided into chemical and physical factors [1-9]. Chemical factors include oxygen, ozone, moisture, sulfur dioxide, salt, dust, acid rain, inclusion on the surface, and other gases. Physical factors are mainly temperature, wind intensity, and sunlight. These factors may be changeable with seasons and the natural environment, and these climate changes influence the corrosion behavior of metals and alloys. In general, the environments in which the metals and alloys are applied can be classified into coastal, industrial, urban, and rural areas [9-13]. However, it should be noted that the above classification is greatly simplified. The applied environment can have a large effect on the lifespan of every metal and alloy, and thus the estimation of lifespan needs to fully understand and take into account the environment [14]. When metallic materials are used or exposed outdoors, degradation can take place by the natural environment, such as sunlight, humidity, rain, dew condensation, and pollutant gases in the air, and thus weather resistance, corrosion resistance, and durability are lowered. Therefore, in order to measure the properties in the air, the optimum method is the atmospheric outdoor exposure test [15-18]. The atmospheric outdoor exposure test evaluates the effect of the environmental factors (Cl, CO, NOx, SOx, O3) including weather factors (temperature, humidity, quantity of solar radiation, snow, and rain) on the degradation of industrial products (automobile, train, tire, bridge, road facilities, metals, textile, rubber, antenna, cables etc.) that are used or installed at outdoor sites. Because the outdoor exposure test is one of the essential reliability evaluation methods to improve the quality, and estimate the lifespan of new materials or products, it is considered to be very important. Recently, our group reported the atmospheric corrosion of galvanized steels in Korea [19,20]; when the exposure time was increased, the content of Zn from galvannealed steel GA surface decreased while the contents of iron and oxygen tended to increase [19]. With increasing exposure times, the galvannealed steel GA specimen became blackened by the formation of zinc oxide, and red coloration was increased by the formation of red rust. As the exposure time of galvanized steel GI specimen increased, the surface proceeded to blacken, but no red rust was formed and the color did not change significantly. Accelerated Prediction Methodologies to Predict the Outdoor Exposure Lifespan of Galvannealed Steel
{"title":"Accelerated Prediction Methodologies to Predict the Outdoor Exposure Lifespan of Galvannealed Steel","authors":"Ki Tae Kim, Y. Yoo, Y. Kim","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.3.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.3.86","url":null,"abstract":"Parameters to affect atmospheric corrosion can be divided into chemical and physical factors [1-9]. Chemical factors include oxygen, ozone, moisture, sulfur dioxide, salt, dust, acid rain, inclusion on the surface, and other gases. Physical factors are mainly temperature, wind intensity, and sunlight. These factors may be changeable with seasons and the natural environment, and these climate changes influence the corrosion behavior of metals and alloys. In general, the environments in which the metals and alloys are applied can be classified into coastal, industrial, urban, and rural areas [9-13]. However, it should be noted that the above classification is greatly simplified. The applied environment can have a large effect on the lifespan of every metal and alloy, and thus the estimation of lifespan needs to fully understand and take into account the environment [14]. When metallic materials are used or exposed outdoors, degradation can take place by the natural environment, such as sunlight, humidity, rain, dew condensation, and pollutant gases in the air, and thus weather resistance, corrosion resistance, and durability are lowered. Therefore, in order to measure the properties in the air, the optimum method is the atmospheric outdoor exposure test [15-18]. The atmospheric outdoor exposure test evaluates the effect of the environmental factors (Cl, CO, NOx, SOx, O3) including weather factors (temperature, humidity, quantity of solar radiation, snow, and rain) on the degradation of industrial products (automobile, train, tire, bridge, road facilities, metals, textile, rubber, antenna, cables etc.) that are used or installed at outdoor sites. Because the outdoor exposure test is one of the essential reliability evaluation methods to improve the quality, and estimate the lifespan of new materials or products, it is considered to be very important. Recently, our group reported the atmospheric corrosion of galvanized steels in Korea [19,20]; when the exposure time was increased, the content of Zn from galvannealed steel GA surface decreased while the contents of iron and oxygen tended to increase [19]. With increasing exposure times, the galvannealed steel GA specimen became blackened by the formation of zinc oxide, and red coloration was increased by the formation of red rust. As the exposure time of galvanized steel GI specimen increased, the surface proceeded to blacken, but no red rust was formed and the color did not change significantly. Accelerated Prediction Methodologies to Predict the Outdoor Exposure Lifespan of Galvannealed Steel","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48278764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.61
Gyeong-Geun Lee, Eun Hee Lee, Sung-Woo Kim, K. Kim, Dongjun Kim, 이경근, 이은희, 김성우, 김경모, 김동진
{"title":"Modeling of Flow-Accelerated Corrosion using Machine Learning: Comparison between Random Forest and Non-linear Regression","authors":"Gyeong-Geun Lee, Eun Hee Lee, Sung-Woo Kim, K. Kim, Dongjun Kim, 이경근, 이은희, 김성우, 김경모, 김동진","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46508426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.49
Sang-Won Cho, Seon-Hong Kim, W. Kim, Jung-Gu Kim
The purpose of this paper is to present failure analysis, of the heat exchanger tube in a district heating system. SS304 stainless steel is used, as material for the heat exchanger tube. The heat exchanger operates in a soft water environment containing a small amount of chloride ions, and regularly repeats operation and standstill period. This causes concentration of chloride ions on the outer surface of the tube, as well as repeat of thermal expansion, and shrinkage of the tube. As a result of microscopic examination, cracks showed transgranular as well as branched propagation, and many pits were present, at the initiation point of each crack. Energy disperstive spectroscopy analysis showed Fe and O peak, as well as Cl peak, meaning that cracks were affected by Cl ion. Failure of the tube was caused by chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking by thermal stress, high temperature, and localized enrichment of chloride ions.
{"title":"Stress Corrosion Cracking of Heat Exchanger Tubes in District Heating System","authors":"Sang-Won Cho, Seon-Hong Kim, W. Kim, Jung-Gu Kim","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present failure analysis, of the heat exchanger tube in a district heating system. SS304 stainless steel is used, as material for the heat exchanger tube. The heat exchanger operates in a soft water environment containing a small amount of chloride ions, and regularly repeats operation and standstill period. This causes concentration of chloride ions on the outer surface of the tube, as well as repeat of thermal expansion, and shrinkage of the tube. As a result of microscopic examination, cracks showed transgranular as well as branched propagation, and many pits were present, at the initiation point of each crack. Energy disperstive spectroscopy analysis showed Fe and O peak, as well as Cl peak, meaning that cracks were affected by Cl ion. Failure of the tube was caused by chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking by thermal stress, high temperature, and localized enrichment of chloride ions.","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43118157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.39
S. Suh, Youngjoon Suh, Sohee Kim, Jun-Mo Yang, Gy-Young Kim
The feasibility of using benzotriazole (BTAH) to inhibit pitting corrosion in the sprinkler copper tubes was investigated by filling the tubes with BTAH-water solution in 829 households at an eight-year-old apartment complex. The water leakage rate was reduced by approximately 90% following BTAH treatment during 161 days from the previous year. The leakage of one of the two sprinkler copper tubes was investigated with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the formation of Cu-BTA film inside the corrosion pits. All the inner components of the corrosion pits were coated with Cu-BTA films suggesting that BTAH molecules penetrated the corrosion products. The Cu-BTA film was about 2 nm in thickness at the bottom of a corrosion pit. A layer of CuCl and Cu 2 O phases lies under the Cu-BTA film. This complex structure effectively prevented the propagation of corrosion pits in the sprinkler copper tubes and reduced the water leakage.
{"title":"Pitting Corrosion Inhibition of Sprinkler Copper Tubes via Forming of Cu-BTA Film on the Inner Surface of Corrosion pits","authors":"S. Suh, Youngjoon Suh, Sohee Kim, Jun-Mo Yang, Gy-Young Kim","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.2.39","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of using benzotriazole (BTAH) to inhibit pitting corrosion in the sprinkler copper tubes was investigated by filling the tubes with BTAH-water solution in 829 households at an eight-year-old apartment complex. The water leakage rate was reduced by approximately 90% following BTAH treatment during 161 days from the previous year. The leakage of one of the two sprinkler copper tubes was investigated with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the formation of Cu-BTA film inside the corrosion pits. All the inner components of the corrosion pits were coated with Cu-BTA films suggesting that BTAH molecules penetrated the corrosion products. The Cu-BTA film was about 2 nm in thickness at the bottom of a corrosion pit. A layer of CuCl and Cu 2 O phases lies under the Cu-BTA film. This complex structure effectively prevented the propagation of corrosion pits in the sprinkler copper tubes and reduced the water leakage.","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45921764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.1
Zhiming Zhang, Jianqiu Wang, E. Han, W. Ke
{"title":"Effects of Surface Machining by a Lathe on Microstructure of Near Surface Layer and Corrosion Behavior of SA182 Grade 304 Stainless Steel in Simulated Primary Water","authors":"Zhiming Zhang, Jianqiu Wang, E. Han, W. Ke","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49492076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.16
D. Jo, Sang-Man Yun, Kee-Cheol Park, M. Kim, Jong-sang Kim
{"title":"Excellent Seam Weldable Nano-Composite Coated Zn-Ni Plating Steels for Automotive Fuel Tank","authors":"D. Jo, Sang-Man Yun, Kee-Cheol Park, M. Kim, Jong-sang Kim","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45806545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.33
Jong Hoon Lee, 이종훈
{"title":"Primary Water Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rate Tests for Base Metal and Weld of Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy, 니켈 합금 모재 및 용접재의 일차수응력부식균열 균열성장속도 시험","authors":"Jong Hoon Lee, 이종훈","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46218537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.14773/cst.2019.18.1.8
C. J. Tsai, T. Yeh, M. Wang
A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is recognized as the best candidate reactor for next generation nuclear reactors. Helium is used to be the coolant in the core of the HTGR with temperature expected to exceed 900 °C at the core outlet. Several iron- and nickel-based superalloys, including Alloy 800H, Hastelloy X, and Alloy 617, are potential structural materials for intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) in an HTGR. Oxidation behaviors of three selected alloys (Hastelloy X, Alloy 800H, and Alloy 617) were investigated at four different temperatures from 650℃ to 950 ℃ under helium environments with various concentrations of O2 and H2O. Preliminary results showed that chromium oxide as the primary protective layer was observed on surfaces of the three tested alloys. Based on results of mass gain and SEM analyses, Hastelloy X alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance in all corrosion tests. Further details on the oxidation mechanism of these alloys are presented in this study.
{"title":"High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Nickel and Iron Based Superalloys in Helium Containing Trace Impurities","authors":"C. J. Tsai, T. Yeh, M. Wang","doi":"10.14773/cst.2019.18.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/cst.2019.18.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is recognized as the best candidate reactor for next generation nuclear reactors. Helium is used to be the coolant in the core of the HTGR with temperature expected to exceed 900 °C at the core outlet. Several iron- and nickel-based superalloys, including Alloy 800H, Hastelloy X, and Alloy 617, are potential structural materials for intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) in an HTGR. Oxidation behaviors of three selected alloys (Hastelloy X, Alloy 800H, and Alloy 617) were investigated at four different temperatures from 650℃ to 950 ℃ under helium environments with various concentrations of O2 and H2O. Preliminary results showed that chromium oxide as the primary protective layer was observed on surfaces of the three tested alloys. Based on results of mass gain and SEM analyses, Hastelloy X alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance in all corrosion tests. Further details on the oxidation mechanism of these alloys are presented in this study.","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47742521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.4.117
Hwi-yong Lee, Seung-Ho Ahn, H. T. Im
{"title":"A Research on Stray-Current Corrosion Mechanism of High Voltage Cable Connector on Electrification Vehicles","authors":"Hwi-yong Lee, Seung-Ho Ahn, H. T. Im","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.4.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.4.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66632375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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