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Effects of Ultrasonic Amplitude on Electrochemical Properties During Cavitation of Carbon Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solution 超声振幅对碳钢在3.5% NaCl溶液中空化过程中电化学性能的影响
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2020.19.4.163
I. J. Jang, Ki Tae Kim, Y. Yoo, Young-Sik Kim
Cavitation corrosion in many industrial plants has recently become a serious issue. Cavitation corrosion has generally been investigated using a vibratory method based on ASTM G32 standard, and the test can be divided into direct cavitation and indirect cavitation. Cavitation corrosion test uses the vibration frequency of the horn of 20 kHz with constant peak-to-peak displacement amplitude. In this work, the peak-to-peak amplitude was controlled from 15 μm to 85 μm, and electrochemical measurements were obtained during indirect cavitation. The relationship between cavitation corrosion rate and electrochemical properties was discussed. Corrosion steps of carbon steel at the initial stage under cavitation condition in 3.5 % NaCl can be proposed. When the cavitation strength is relatively low, corrosion of the steel is more affected by the electrochemical process than by the mechanical process; but when the cavitation strength is relatively high, corrosion of the steel is affected more by the mechanical process than by the electrochemical process. This work confirmed that the critical ultrasonic amplitude of 0.42 %C carbon steel is 53.8 μm, and when the amplitude is less than 53.8 μm, the corrosion effect during the cavitation corrosion process is higher than the mechanical effect.
近年来,在许多工业装置中,空化腐蚀已成为一个严重的问题。空化腐蚀的研究一般采用基于ASTM G32标准的振动法,试验可分为直接空化和间接空化。空化腐蚀试验采用恒峰间位移振幅的喇叭振动频率为20khz。在间接空化过程中,将峰间振幅控制在15 μm ~ 85 μm之间,进行了电化学测量。讨论了空化腐蚀速率与电化学性能的关系。提出了在3.5% NaCl中空化条件下碳钢初始阶段的腐蚀步骤。当空化强度较低时,电化学过程对钢的腐蚀影响大于机械过程;但当空化强度较高时,钢的腐蚀受机械过程的影响大于电化学过程的影响。本工作证实了0.42% C碳钢的临界超声振幅为53.8 μm,当振幅小于53.8 μm时,空化腐蚀过程中的腐蚀效应大于机械效应。
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引用次数: 2
Corrosion Resistance of Mg-Added Galvannealed Steel Sheets with Nano-Composite Coating 纳米复合镀层加镁镀锌钢板的耐蚀性
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2020.19.2.57
D. Jo, Sang-Man Yun, D. Paik, M. Kim, M. Hong
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Corrosion Behavior According to the Characteristics of Sigma Phase Formed in Super Austenitic Stainless Steel 根据超级奥氏体不锈钢形成的Sigma相特征分析其腐蚀行为
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2020.19.4.203
Ye Eun Kim, Jin-seong Park, D. Cho, Seunggab Hong, S. Kim
The corrosion behavior of super austenitic stainless steel was studied by examining the characteristics of the sigma phase formed in the steel. A range of experimental and analytical methods was employed, including potentiodynamic polarization tests, critical pitting temperature tests, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Three steel samples with different sigma phase levels were obtained by intentionally adjusting the manufacturing process. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the samples was strongly dependent upon the size and distribution of the sigma phase precipitated in the samples. The larger the size of the sigma phase, the higher the Mo content in the sigma phase and the higher the depletion level of Mo at the interface between the matrix/sigma phase, the more samples with a coarse-sized sigma phase were susceptible to localized pitting corrosion at the interface. These results suggest that various manufacturing processes, such as welding and the post-heat treatment of the steel, should be optimized so that both the size and fraction of the sigma phase precipitated in the steel are small to improve the resistance to localized corrosion.
通过对超奥氏体不锈钢中形成的sigma相特征的研究,研究了该不锈钢的腐蚀行为。采用了一系列实验和分析方法,包括动电位极化测试、临界点蚀温度测试、透射电子显微镜和能量色散光谱。通过有意调整加工工艺,获得了三种不同sigma相电平的钢样。结果表明,样品的耐蚀性与样品中析出的sigma相的大小和分布有很大关系。σ相尺寸越大,σ相中Mo含量越高,基体/ σ相界面处Mo损耗水平越高,σ相尺寸较粗的试样越容易在界面处发生局部点蚀。这些结果表明,应优化各种制造工艺,如焊接和钢的后热处理,使钢中析出的sigma相的尺寸和分数都小,以提高钢的抗局部腐蚀能力。
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引用次数: 0
Corrosion and Photo-Reflection Behavior of Aluminum and Stainless Steel During Immersion Test in Salt Solution 铝和不锈钢在盐溶液浸泡试验中的腐蚀和光反射行为
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2020.19.3.109
S. Cho, H. Na, Hye-Ri Cho, Jong-Ju Moon, T. Ahn, H. Jang
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Empirical Equation for Assessing Atmospheric Corrosion Progression of Steel Considering Environmental Parameters 考虑环境参数的钢大气腐蚀过程综合经验方程
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2020.19.4.174
Arjun Sil, Vanapalli Naveen Kumar
Atmospheric corrosion is a natural surface degradation process of metal due to changes in environmental parameters in the surrounding atmosphere. It is very sensitive to environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, sulphur dioxide, and chloride, making it a major global economic challenge. Existing forecasting empirical corrosion models including the ISO standard are based on statistical analysis of experimental studies without considering the behavior of atmospheric parameters. The present study proposes a reliable global empirical model for estimating short and long-term atmospheric corrosion rates based on environmental parameters and corrosion mechanisms obtained from a parametric study. Repercussion of atmospheric corrosion rate due to individual and combined influences of environmental parameters specifies their importance in the estimation. New global empirical coefficients obtained for environmental parameters are statistically established (R2 =0.998) with 95% confidence limit. They are validated using experimental datasets of existing studies observed at 88 different continental locations. The current proposed model can predict atmospheric corrosion by means of corrosion formation mechanisms influenced by combined effects of environmental parameters, further abating applicability limitations of location and time.
大气腐蚀是金属表面由于周围大气环境参数的变化而发生的自然降解过程。它对温度、相对湿度、二氧化硫和氯化物等环境参数非常敏感,这使它成为一个重大的全球经济挑战。包括ISO标准在内的现有腐蚀预测经验模型都是基于实验研究的统计分析,没有考虑大气参数的行为。本研究提出了一个可靠的全球经验模型,用于估算短期和长期大气腐蚀速率,该模型基于从参数研究中获得的环境参数和腐蚀机制。由于环境参数的单独和综合影响,大气腐蚀速率的影响说明了它们在估算中的重要性。得到了新的环境参数全局经验系数(R2 =0.998),置信限为95%。使用在88个不同大陆位置观察到的现有研究的实验数据集对它们进行了验证。目前提出的模型可以通过环境参数综合影响下的腐蚀形成机制来预测大气腐蚀,进一步降低了地点和时间的适用性限制。
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引用次数: 1
Inhibition of Pitting Corrosion Failure of Copper Tubes in Wet Sprinkler Systems 湿式喷水灭火系统中铜管点蚀失效的抑制
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2020.19.2.89
S. Suh, Youngjoon Suh, Jonghyuk Lee, H. Kwon
The inhibition of pitting corrosion failure of copper sprinkler tubes in wet sprinkler systems was studied. First, an apparatus and technology for removing air in the sprinkler tubes by vacuum pumping and then filling the tubes with water were developed. Using this apparatus and technology, three methods for inhibiting the pitting corrosion of the copper sprinkler tubes installed in several apartment complexes were tested. The first one was filling the sprinkler tubes with water bubbled by high-pressure nitrogen gas to reduce the dissolved oxygen concentration to lower than 2 ppm. In the second method, the dissolved oxygen concentration of water was further reduced to lower than 0.01 ppm by sodium sulfite. In the third method, the sprinkler tubes were filled with benzotriazole (BTAH) dissolved in water. The third method was the most effective, reducing the failure frequency of the sprinkler tubes due to pitting corrosion by more than 80%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed that a Cu-BTA layer was well coated on the inside surface of the corrosion pit, protecting it from corrosion. A potentiodynamic polarization test showed that BTAH should be very effective in reducing the corrosion rate of copper in the acidic environment of the corrosion pit.
研究了湿式洒水系统中铜洒水管的点蚀抑制失效。首先,研制了一种用真空泵抽走喷淋管内空气并向管内注水的装置和工艺。利用该装置和技术,对3种抑制公寓铜洒水管点蚀的方法进行了试验。第一种方法是在洒水管中注入高压氮气起泡的水,将溶解氧浓度降低到2ppm以下。在第二种方法中,亚硫酸钠进一步将水中溶解氧浓度降低到0.01 ppm以下。在第三种方法中,喷淋管中填充溶解在水中的苯并三唑(BTAH)。第三种方法最有效,使喷淋管因点蚀而发生故障的频率降低了80%以上。x射线光电子能谱分析证实,Cu-BTA层被很好地涂在腐蚀坑的内表面,保护其免受腐蚀。动电位极化试验表明,在腐蚀坑的酸性环境中,BTAH对降低铜的腐蚀速率是非常有效的。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of Na 2 S, NaCl, and H 2 O 2 Concentrations on Corrosion of Aluminum, AA1100의 부식에 미치는 Na 2 S, NaCl, H 2 O 2 농도의 영향 Effects of Na 2 S, NaCl, and H 2 O 2 Concentrations on Aluminum, Na 2 S, NaCl, H 2 O 2浓度对AA1100腐蚀的影响
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.312
J. Lee, H. Jang, 이주희, 장희진
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Applied Voltage on the Reliability of Coating Flaw Detection of Pipe with Different Buried Depths 外加电压对不同埋深管道涂层探伤可靠性的影响
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.277
B. Lim, M. G. Kim, Kwang-Tae Kim, H. Y. Chang, Young-Sik Kim
these limitations, the area potential and earth current (APEC) survey was recently proposed [25]. This method uses 3 reference electrodes. Gas pipelines were usually buried at a constant depth in the soil, but the pipelines in nuclear power plants were buried with different depth and multiple layers. Therefore, detection reliability for coating flaws in nuclear power plants was low and thus detail survey conditions are needed. As described above, three kinds of survey method have an advantage and a disadvantage. Many researchers External corrosion control of buried pipe can be achieved by the combination of barrier coating and cathodic protection. Coating damage and deterioration can be induced by many reasons; damage during handling and laying, enhanced failure at low temperatures, failure during commissioning and operation, disbanding due to inadequate surface cleaning, rock penetration during installation and service etc. This work focused on the effect of survey conditions on the reliability of coating flaw detection of buried pipes. The effects of applied voltage and anode location on the detection reliability of coating flaw of buried pipe in soil with the resistivity of ca . 25.8 k Ω ·cm were discussed. Higher applied voltage increased the detection reliability, regardless of buried depth, but deeper burial depth reduced the reliability. The location of the anode has influenced on the detection reliability. This behaviour may be induced by the variation of current distribution by the applied voltage and buried depth. From the relationship between the applied voltage and reliability, the needed detection potential to get a desire detection reliability can be calculated to get 100% detection reliability using the derived equation.
由于这些局限性,最近提出了区域电位和接地电流(APEC)测量。该方法使用3个参比电极。天然气管道通常在土壤中固定埋深,而核电站管道则是不同埋深、多层埋深。因此,核电站涂层缺陷的检测可靠性较低,需要详细的调查条件。如上所述,三种调查方法各有优缺点。埋地管道的外部腐蚀控制可以通过屏障涂层与阴极保护相结合来实现。引起涂层损坏和变质的原因有很多;搬运和铺设过程中的损坏,低温下的损坏,调试和操作过程中的损坏,由于表面清洁不足而导致的解体,安装和维修过程中的岩石渗透等。本文主要研究了测量条件对埋地管道涂层探伤可靠性的影响。研究了外加电压和阳极位置对土壤中埋管涂层缺陷电阻率检测可靠性的影响。25.8 k Ω·cm进行了讨论。无论埋深如何,施加电压越高,检测可靠性越高,埋深越深,可靠性越低。阳极的位置直接影响检测的可靠性。这种特性可能是由施加电压和埋深引起的电流分布变化引起的。根据外加电压与可靠性之间的关系,利用推导出的方程,可以计算出获得期望检测可靠性所需的检测电势,从而获得100%的检测可靠性。
{"title":"Effect of Applied Voltage on the Reliability of Coating Flaw Detection of Pipe with Different Buried Depths","authors":"B. Lim, M. G. Kim, Kwang-Tae Kim, H. Y. Chang, Young-Sik Kim","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.277","url":null,"abstract":"these limitations, the area potential and earth current (APEC) survey was recently proposed [25]. This method uses 3 reference electrodes. Gas pipelines were usually buried at a constant depth in the soil, but the pipelines in nuclear power plants were buried with different depth and multiple layers. Therefore, detection reliability for coating flaws in nuclear power plants was low and thus detail survey conditions are needed. As described above, three kinds of survey method have an advantage and a disadvantage. Many researchers External corrosion control of buried pipe can be achieved by the combination of barrier coating and cathodic protection. Coating damage and deterioration can be induced by many reasons; damage during handling and laying, enhanced failure at low temperatures, failure during commissioning and operation, disbanding due to inadequate surface cleaning, rock penetration during installation and service etc. This work focused on the effect of survey conditions on the reliability of coating flaw detection of buried pipes. The effects of applied voltage and anode location on the detection reliability of coating flaw of buried pipe in soil with the resistivity of ca . 25.8 k Ω ·cm were discussed. Higher applied voltage increased the detection reliability, regardless of buried depth, but deeper burial depth reduced the reliability. The location of the anode has influenced on the detection reliability. This behaviour may be induced by the variation of current distribution by the applied voltage and buried depth. From the relationship between the applied voltage and reliability, the needed detection potential to get a desire detection reliability can be calculated to get 100% detection reliability using the derived equation.","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47446278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Erosion Corrosion Characteristics of Al5052-O and Al6061-T6 Aluminum Alloys with Flow Rate of Seawater, 해수 유속 변화에 따른 Al5052-O와 Al6061-T6 알루미늄 합금의 침식부식 특성 Erosion Corrosion Characteristics of Al5052-O and Al6061-T6 Aluminum Alloys with Flow Rate of Seawater,Al5052-O和Al6061-T6铝合金随海水流速变化的侵蚀腐蚀特性
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.292
Young-Bok Kim, Seong-Jong Kim, 김영복, 김성종
최근 조선산업의 급격한 성장으로 선박은 점차 고속, 고 출력 및 경량화로 발전하고 있으며, 이에 따라 고속 운항하 는 선박의 선체 재료는 수압, 조류, 파랑 등에 의한 유체충격 이 증가하여 침식 손상 발생이 더욱 용이해졌다. 그리고 물 리적인 침식과 더불어 강전해질인 해양환경 하에서의 전기 화학적인 부식이 복합적으로 작용하여 침식부식 (erosion corrosion) 손상이 발생하게 된다 [1-3]. 이러한 침식부식을 방지하기 위해 해양환경용 선박 재료 의 다양한 연구들이 현재까지 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 그 일례로 Yeom 등 [1]은 인공해수에서 해양구조용 강 용 접부에 대하여 유속과 pH를 변화시켜 침식부식 시험한 결 과, 중성일 때 유속이 증가함에 따라 손상도가 증가하는 경 향을 나타냈다. 그리고 Lee 등 [2]은 Cu-Ni계 분말재를 용사피복한 강에 증류수와 해수를 혼입한 강전해질, 약전해 질의 수용액으로 일정한 유속에서 침식부식을 연구한 결과, Cu-Ni 용사피복재는 모재 대비 부식억제 효율이 약전해질 에서 96%이고, 강전해질에서 92%로 내식성이 크게 향상 된다는 사실을 규명하였다. 한편 Lim 등 [4]은 원통다관형 해수 유속 변화에 따른 Al5052-O와 Al6061-T6 알루미늄 합금의 침식부식 특성
近年来,随着造船产业的急剧增长,船舶逐渐向高速、大功率及轻量化发展,因此高速运行船舶的船体材料受水压、潮流、波浪等流体冲击增加,更容易发生侵蚀损伤。而且,在物理侵蚀的同时,强电解质海洋环境下的电化学腐蚀也会复合作用,产生侵蚀腐蚀损伤[1-3]。为了防止这种侵蚀腐蚀,海洋环境用船舶材料的各种研究至今仍在持续进行。例如,Yeom等[1]在人工海水中对海洋结构用钢焊缝进行了流速和pH值变化的侵蚀腐蚀试验,结果表明,中性时,随着流速的增加,损伤度有增加的趋势。而Lee等[2]在熔融覆盖Cu-Ni系粉料的钢中,用蒸馏水和海水混合的强电解质、弱电解质的水溶液,在一定的流速下研究了腐蚀腐蚀,结果表明Cu-Ni用砂皮复材料与母材相比,缓蚀效率在弱电解质中为96%,在强电解质中为92%,耐蚀性大大提高。另外,Lim等[4]对圆柱形多管型海水流速变化引起的Al5052-O和Al6061-T6铝合金的侵蚀腐蚀特性
{"title":"Erosion Corrosion Characteristics of Al5052-O and Al6061-T6 Aluminum Alloys with Flow Rate of Seawater, 해수 유속 변화에 따른 Al5052-O와 Al6061-T6 알루미늄 합금의 침식부식 특성","authors":"Young-Bok Kim, Seong-Jong Kim, 김영복, 김성종","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.292","url":null,"abstract":"최근 조선산업의 급격한 성장으로 선박은 점차 고속, 고 출력 및 경량화로 발전하고 있으며, 이에 따라 고속 운항하 는 선박의 선체 재료는 수압, 조류, 파랑 등에 의한 유체충격 이 증가하여 침식 손상 발생이 더욱 용이해졌다. 그리고 물 리적인 침식과 더불어 강전해질인 해양환경 하에서의 전기 화학적인 부식이 복합적으로 작용하여 침식부식 (erosion corrosion) 손상이 발생하게 된다 [1-3]. 이러한 침식부식을 방지하기 위해 해양환경용 선박 재료 의 다양한 연구들이 현재까지 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 그 일례로 Yeom 등 [1]은 인공해수에서 해양구조용 강 용 접부에 대하여 유속과 pH를 변화시켜 침식부식 시험한 결 과, 중성일 때 유속이 증가함에 따라 손상도가 증가하는 경 향을 나타냈다. 그리고 Lee 등 [2]은 Cu-Ni계 분말재를 용사피복한 강에 증류수와 해수를 혼입한 강전해질, 약전해 질의 수용액으로 일정한 유속에서 침식부식을 연구한 결과, Cu-Ni 용사피복재는 모재 대비 부식억제 효율이 약전해질 에서 96%이고, 강전해질에서 92%로 내식성이 크게 향상 된다는 사실을 규명하였다. 한편 Lim 등 [4]은 원통다관형 해수 유속 변화에 따른 Al5052-O와 Al6061-T6 알루미늄 합금의 침식부식 특성","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48890878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
High-Temperature Corrosion Characteristics of T22 and T92 Steel in SO 2 -Containing Gas at 650 °C, 650 °C 의 SO2 가스 환경 하에서 T22와 T92 강의 고온 부식특성 高Temperature Corrosion Characteristics of T22 and T92 Steel in SO2 -Containing Gas at 650°C, 650°C SO2气体环境下T22和T92钢的高温腐蚀特性
IF 0.6 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.285
Kwang-Hu Jung, Seong-Jong Kim, 정광후, 김성종
{"title":"High-Temperature Corrosion Characteristics of T22 and T92 Steel in SO 2 -Containing Gas at 650 °C, 650 °C 의 SO2 가스 환경 하에서 T22와 T92 강의 고온 부식특성","authors":"Kwang-Hu Jung, Seong-Jong Kim, 정광후, 김성종","doi":"10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14773/CST.2019.18.6.285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43201,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42487155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Corrosion Science and Technology-Korea
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