Nordic Journal of Linguistics最新文献

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Morphological variation and development in a Northern Norwegian role play register 挪威北部角色扮演语域的形态变异与发展

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0332586520000219

Bror-Magnus S. Strand

Abstract This paper investigates the variation in and development of a set of morphological variables in a register known to be used by Norwegian children when engaging in role play. In this register they code-switch to something resembling the standard or Oslo variety for their in-character role utterances. The variation across variables, subjects, and age is demonstrated and discussed, and although most variables are used in the standard variants, their rates vary. A fitted binomial generalised mixed effect analysis on the most frequent variables shows that the rate of standard variants increases significantly as an effect of age.

摘要本文研究了挪威儿童在参与角色扮演时使用的语域中一组形态变量的变化和发展。在这个寄存器中，他们的代码切换到类似于标准或奥斯陆变体的东西，以进行角色内的话语。论证和讨论了变量、受试者和年龄之间的差异，尽管大多数变量都用于标准变量，但它们的比率各不相同。对最常见变量的拟合二项式广义混合效应分析表明，标准变异率随着年龄的影响而显著增加。

引用次数: 2

Code-switching alone cannot explain intraspeaker syntactic variability: Evidence from a spoken elicitation experiment 语码转换本身不能解释说话者的句法变化:来自口语启发实验的证据

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1017/s0332586520000190

Björn Lundquist, Maud Westendorp, Bror-Magnus S. Strand

We address the question whether speakers activate different grammars when they encounter linguistic input from different registers, here written standardised language and spoken dialect. This question feeds into the larger theoretical and empirical question if variable syntactic patterns should be modelled as switching between different registers/grammars, or as underspecified mappings from form to meaning within one grammar. We analyse 6000 observations from 26 high school students from Tromsø, comprising more than 20 phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic variables obtained from two elicited production experiments: one using standardised written language and one using spoken dialect as the elicitation source. The results suggest that most participants directly activate morphophonological forms from the local dialect when encountering standardised orthographic forms, suggesting that they do not treat the written and spoken language as different grammars. Furthermore, the syntactic variation does not track the morphophonological variation, which suggests that code/register-switching alone cannot explain syntactic optionality.

我们解决了说话者在遇到来自不同语域的语言输入时是否会激活不同语法的问题，这里是书面标准化语言和口语方言。这个问题引发了一个更大的理论和经验问题，即是否应该将可变语法模式建模为在不同的寄存器/语法之间切换，或者在一种语法中从形式到意义的未指定映射。我们分析了来自特罗姆瑟的26名高中生的6000个观察结果，包括20多个语音、形态、词汇和句法变量，这些变量来自两个引出生产实验:一个使用标准化书面语言，另一个使用口语方言作为引出源。结果表明，大多数参与者在遇到标准化的正字法形式时，会直接激活当地方言的词音形式，这表明他们没有将书面语言和口语视为不同的语法。此外，句法的变化并不跟踪词形音素的变化，这表明单凭码语转换不能解释句法的可选择性。

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引用次数: 2

When complementation gets specific: A study of collocational preferences in verb–object combinations in Norwegian 当补语变得具体:挪威语动宾组合的搭配偏好研究

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0332586520000116

T. Haugen

Abstract This study investigates to what extent there are collocational preferences in the verb–object combinations of a large corpus of Norwegian and how important recurrent combinations are in usage. The material has been extracted from a large web-corpus of 700 million tokens and consists of dependency-based verb–object combinations. The overall importance of collocational preferences is demonstrated by the fact that the most frequent 5% of the verb–object combinations account for as much as 64% of the verb–object tokens in the material. The database of verb–object combinations contains measures of collocational strength and thereby allows us to model the mutual strength between the exemplars in the clusters found with individual verbs. Based on some studies of individual verbs and verb pairs, it seems safe to assume that speakers do distinguish between and prefer certain conventional verb–object combinations to other equally grammatical, equally transparent and equally understandable alternatives, and that speakers have access to complementation information at the level of exemplars.

摘要本研究考察了挪威语大型语料库的动宾组合中存在着多大程度的搭配偏好，以及重复组合在使用中的重要性。这些材料是从一个包含7亿个令牌的大型网络语料库中提取出来的，由基于依赖关系的动词-对象组合组成。搭配偏好的总体重要性可以通过以下事实得到证明:最常见的5%的动宾组合占材料中动宾标记的64%。动词-对象组合的数据库包含搭配强度的度量，从而允许我们在单个动词的集群中建立范例之间的相互强度模型。根据对单个动词和动词对的一些研究，我们似乎可以有把握地假设，说话者确实区分并偏爱某些传统的动宾组合，而不是其他同样合乎语法、同样透明、同样容易理解的替代组合，而且说话者可以获得范例层面的补语信息。

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引用次数: 1

Finnish word order: Does comprehension matter? 芬兰语语序：理解重要吗？

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0332586520000098

Pauli Brattico

Abstract Finnish word order is relatively free, making room for all mathematically possible word orders in many constructions. Because there is no evidence in this language for radical nonconfigurationality, explanations must be sought from syntax. It is argued in this article that morphosyntax and word order represent syntactic structure at the PF-interface. Rich morphosyntax frees word order, poor morphosyntax freezes it. The hypothesis is formalized within the context of a parsing-oriented theory of the human language faculty (UG) combining left-to-right minimalism with the dynamic syntax approach. The analysis was implemented as an algorithm and successfully tested with a corpus of 119,800 unique Finnish word orders.

摘要芬兰语语序相对自由，在许多结构中为所有数学上可能的语序留出了空间。因为在这种语言中没有证据表明激进的非对称性，所以必须从语法中寻求解释。本文认为形态句法和语序是PF界面句法结构的表征。丰富的形态语法解放了语序，而糟糕的形态语法冻结了语序。这一假设是在人类语言学院（UG）面向解析的理论背景下形式化的，该理论将从左到右的极简主义与动态语法方法相结合。该分析被实现为一种算法，并在119800个独特芬兰语词序的语料库中成功测试。

引用次数: 4

Community Engagement in a Time of Confinement. 禁闭时期的社区参与。

IF 3.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.3138/cpp.2020-064

Alana Cattapan, Julianne M Acker-Verney, Alexandra Dobrowolsky, Tammy Findlay, April Mandrona

This article examines the significant constraints on, the necessity for, and the opportunities around community engagement in a time of confinement. We consider the compounded challenges faced by marginalized communities in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and we follow this with reflections on the triumphs and tensions of emergent engagement practices. We then describe four exercises that we conducted before the onset of the pandemic in a research project exploring public engagement from the ground up in relation to policy-making, and we suggest how the lessons learned may be applied to contemporary decision making. Our overall goal is to illustrate how and why community engagement is particularly pressing in the current crisis, as pandemic restrictions have added new dimensions to long-standing practices of containment. We argue that although these most recent forms of engagement are contested and complex, they are essential to ensuring that policy-making is built on processes of equity, access, and inclusion.

本文探讨了在禁闭时期社区参与的重大限制、必要性和机遇。我们考虑了边缘化社区在 2019 年冠状病毒疾病大流行的背景下所面临的复杂挑战，随后我们对新出现的参与实践的成功与紧张进行了反思。然后，我们介绍了我们在大流行病爆发前在一个探索与决策相关的公众参与的研究项目中进行的四次演练，并提出了如何将所吸取的经验教训应用于当代决策。我们的总体目标是说明在当前的危机中，社区参与如何以及为何尤为迫切，因为大流行病的限制给长期以来的遏制做法增添了新的内容。我们认为，尽管这些最新的参与形式具有争议性和复杂性，但它们对于确保决策建立在公平、可及性和包容性的基础上至关重要。

引用次数: 0

NJL volume 43 issue 2 Cover and Back matter NJL第43卷第2期封面和封底

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0332586520000165

引用次数: 0

NJL volume 43 issue 2 Cover and Front matter NJL第43卷第2期封面和封面

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0332586520000153

引用次数: 0

Hinn and hinn: Early Icelandic as the clue to the history and etymology of two Old Scandinavian words Hinn和Hinn：早期冰岛语作为两个古斯堪的纳维亚单词历史和词源的线索

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0332586520000086

Ulla Stroh-Wollin

ABSTRACT The history and etymology of Old Scandinavian hinn is a disputed matter. One question concerns whether hinn as a contrastive demonstrative indicating ‘the other (one)/the former (one)’ and hinn as a pre-adjectival article, both of which to some extent are still found in present-day Icelandic, are related or not. Another issue concerns the fact that hinn has no immediate parallel in Germanic outside Scandinavia, which has led scholars to assume that it is a Proto-Scandinavian innovation. This paper argues that Old Scandinavian possessed two hinn words with separate backgrounds, one stemming directly from an anciently inherited distal demonstrative, and one from an innovated proximal demonstrative. However, the innovation was no more founded on common Germanic material than the former hinn was. Instead, it arose from the reinforcement of an ancient precursor. This precursor is traceable in early Icelandic enn, which was used as a pre-adjectival article and as a primitive post-nominal definiteness marker.

摘要古斯堪的纳维亚hinn的历史和词源一直是一个有争议的问题。一个问题是，hinn作为表示“另一个（一个）/前一个（另一个）”的对比指示语，和hinn作为形容词前冠词，在某种程度上仍然存在于今天的冰岛语中，两者是否有关联。另一个问题涉及这样一个事实，即hinn在斯堪的纳维亚以外的日耳曼语中没有直接的相似之处，这导致学者们认为它是原斯堪的那维亚创新。本文认为，古斯堪的纳维亚语有两个不同背景的hinn词，一个直接源于古代继承的远指示词，另一个源于创新的近指示词。然而，这一创新并不比前一个hinn更基于普通的日耳曼材料。相反，它产生于对一个古老的前身的强化。这种前体可以追溯到早期冰岛语enn，它被用作形容词前的冠词和名词后定义性的原始标记。

引用次数: 1

The Finnish tail construction as a first mention 芬兰尾部结构

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0332586520000104

Katri Priiki

Abstract This article examines the Finnish tail construction (right dislocation) used as a first mention of a referent and the variation of the demonstrative pronouns tämä ‘this’, tuo ‘that’, and se ‘it’ in the construction. Many previous studies have suggested that tail construction (TC) referents are highly active and thus already mentioned and salient in a conversation. However, in Finnish, the TC may introduce new referents into a conversation, and this article provides an empirical analysis of how and why this is done. First-mention TCs are often evaluations or questions in which the proposition links the utterance to the preceding context. When presenting new information, the TC allows the speaker to present a potentially lengthy lexical definition of a new referent at the end of the utterance, avoiding the additional emphatic meanings or unwanted implications a simply inverted word order might create.

摘要:本文考察了芬兰语作为指称物首提的尾结构(右错位)，以及指示代词tämä“This”、两个“that”和se“it”在该结构中的变化。许多先前的研究表明，尾结构指称物是高度活跃的，因此在会话中已经被提及和突出。然而，在芬兰语中，TC可能会在会话中引入新的指称物，本文对如何以及为什么这样做提供了实证分析。先提式提问通常是评价或提问，其中命题将话语与前面的语境联系起来。当呈现新信息时，语序转换允许说话者在话语末尾呈现一个可能很长的新所指的词汇定义，避免了简单的颠倒词序可能产生的额外的强调意义或不必要的暗示。

引用次数: 2

Root nouns in Elfdalian: Categorisation and etymology Elfdalian中的根名词：分类和词源

IF 0.5 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Nordic Journal of Linguistics

Pub Date : 2020-09-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0332586520000128

B. Hansen

Abstract Elsewhere I have proposed a set of rules according to which we may categorise Germanic root nouns into three chronological layers. In this article, I present a synchronic classification of all of the Elfdalian actual and potential root-noun continuants as well as their etymologies and derivational histories in light of this proposal and in order to reveal (i) some interesting aspects of the general processes involved in shifts of inflectional class, and (ii) whether or not some of these processes in Elfdalian when compared to other Nordic varieties may shed light on the cladistical status of Elfdalian within North Germanic. The analysis shows that, while those Elfdalian root-noun continuants whose ancestral forms belong to layers I, IIa and IIb generally remain stable and keep their appurtenance to the root-noun inflectional class, some of the (non-)root-noun continuants actually and potentially belonging to layer III deserve additional attention with regard to this twofold aim.

摘要在其他地方，我提出了一套规则，根据这些规则，我们可以将日耳曼词根名词分为三个时间层。在这篇文章中，我根据这一建议，对所有埃尔夫达语的实际和潜在词根名词连续词及其词源和派生历史进行了共时分类，以揭示（I）屈折类转换所涉及的一般过程的一些有趣方面，以及（ii）与其他北欧品种相比，Elfdalian的这些过程中的一些是否可以揭示Elfdalia在北日耳曼的分支地位。分析表明，虽然祖先形式属于第一层、第二层和第二层的埃尔夫达语词根名词延续语通常保持稳定，并保持其词根名词屈折类的从属关系，但一些实际上和潜在属于第三层的（非）词根名词继续语在这一双重目标方面值得额外关注。

引用次数: 1

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