Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1017/S033258652200021X
N. Pharao, P. Quist
The second issue of volume 47 (2024) of the Nordic Journal of Linguistics will be a special issue devoted to the effects of speaking differently from a norm. Across such diverse fields as sociolinguistics, sociophonetics, experimental linguistics, and inter-actional analysis we call for papers on empirically based studies of reactions towards speakers and/or speech that in some way or another is perceived as outside of a norm, for instance non-standard speech, dialect, ethnolect, L2 accent, or speech impairments. The issue will be edited by Nicolai Pharao and Pia Quist. Inviting contributions based on empirical work in linguistics, the aim of this NJL special issue will be to expand the perspective within sociolinguistics on language attitudes and ideologies to studies that employ new methodologies, whether they use quantitative and/or qualitative measures, or consist of mainly experiments or ethno-graphic observations, etc. We also invite contributions that focus on the question of how norms are locally constituted and (re)shaped in everyday interaction through ideological moves as observed in empirical data. In the context of this special issue, we apply a broad understanding of the concepts of effect and norm , and contributions may employ different specifications. We understand effect in a broad sense as reactions by receivers in a given research setting, whether that is in experiments, interviews, or recordings of group conversations. The concept of norm is also understood in broad terms as expectations and standards that make people react and behave in a certain way. These may be linguistic standard norms connected to standard ideologies and power inequalities, but they could also be locally defined norms within a group or more locally in a conversation. Studies of attitudes towards non-standard language typically show low degrees of tolerance towards linguistic variation, including dialect variation, the use of multi-ethnic youth styles, and foreign accents (Garrett 2010, Coupland and Kristiansen 2011, Grondelaers and Kristiansen 2013). As argued by Kristiansen (2009), for instance (see
{"title":"Language outside the norm: Reactions to non-conforming speech and speakers","authors":"N. Pharao, P. Quist","doi":"10.1017/S033258652200021X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S033258652200021X","url":null,"abstract":"The second issue of volume 47 (2024) of the Nordic Journal of Linguistics will be a special issue devoted to the effects of speaking differently from a norm. Across such diverse fields as sociolinguistics, sociophonetics, experimental linguistics, and inter-actional analysis we call for papers on empirically based studies of reactions towards speakers and/or speech that in some way or another is perceived as outside of a norm, for instance non-standard speech, dialect, ethnolect, L2 accent, or speech impairments. The issue will be edited by Nicolai Pharao and Pia Quist. Inviting contributions based on empirical work in linguistics, the aim of this NJL special issue will be to expand the perspective within sociolinguistics on language attitudes and ideologies to studies that employ new methodologies, whether they use quantitative and/or qualitative measures, or consist of mainly experiments or ethno-graphic observations, etc. We also invite contributions that focus on the question of how norms are locally constituted and (re)shaped in everyday interaction through ideological moves as observed in empirical data. In the context of this special issue, we apply a broad understanding of the concepts of effect and norm , and contributions may employ different specifications. We understand effect in a broad sense as reactions by receivers in a given research setting, whether that is in experiments, interviews, or recordings of group conversations. The concept of norm is also understood in broad terms as expectations and standards that make people react and behave in a certain way. These may be linguistic standard norms connected to standard ideologies and power inequalities, but they could also be locally defined norms within a group or more locally in a conversation. Studies of attitudes towards non-standard language typically show low degrees of tolerance towards linguistic variation, including dialect variation, the use of multi-ethnic youth styles, and foreign accents (Garrett 2010, Coupland and Kristiansen 2011, Grondelaers and Kristiansen 2013). As argued by Kristiansen (2009), for instance (see","PeriodicalId":43203,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":"251 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49525982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1017/s0332586522000208
Marit Julien, Matti Miestamo, S. Myrberg
{"title":"Note from the Editors","authors":"Marit Julien, Matti Miestamo, S. Myrberg","doi":"10.1017/s0332586522000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0332586522000208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43203,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":"249 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48293016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1017/s0332586522000221
Hanna Pook, L. Lindström
The Estonian indefinite pronouns keegi ‘someone’ and miski ‘something’ are distinguished by being able to refer to animate or inanimate entities, respectively. However, in certain Estonian dialects, keegi is used to refer to inanimate entities as well. The aim of this paper is to describe the functions and use of keegi based on the data in the Corpus of Estonian Dialects. We used statistical analyses to determine which dialects typically use keegi to refer to inanimate entities and which variables (polarity, function, position in the clause, case marking) contribute most to this variation. The results show that there are significant differences between the dialects: keegi is mostly used to refer to inanimate entities in the northern dialects (most frequently in the Western, Mid, and Eastern dialects), but this phenomenon is rare or non-existent in the southern dialects. All of the variables studied contribute to this variation: keegi is most likely to refer to an inanimate being when it is in the partitive case, functions as an object, a partitive subject, or a negative polarity item, and is positioned at the end of a negative clause.
{"title":"The use of the indefinite pronoun keegi ‘someone’ in Estonian dialects","authors":"Hanna Pook, L. Lindström","doi":"10.1017/s0332586522000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0332586522000221","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Estonian indefinite pronouns keegi ‘someone’ and miski ‘something’ are distinguished by being able to refer to animate or inanimate entities, respectively. However, in certain Estonian dialects, keegi is used to refer to inanimate entities as well. The aim of this paper is to describe the functions and use of keegi based on the data in the Corpus of Estonian Dialects. We used statistical analyses to determine which dialects typically use keegi to refer to inanimate entities and which variables (polarity, function, position in the clause, case marking) contribute most to this variation. The results show that there are significant differences between the dialects: keegi is mostly used to refer to inanimate entities in the northern dialects (most frequently in the Western, Mid, and Eastern dialects), but this phenomenon is rare or non-existent in the southern dialects. All of the variables studied contribute to this variation: keegi is most likely to refer to an inanimate being when it is in the partitive case, functions as an object, a partitive subject, or a negative polarity item, and is positioned at the end of a negative clause.","PeriodicalId":43203,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42048956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1017/s0332586522000178
Nina Grønnum
Despite many attempts, we do not yet know how to answer the question exhaustively and adequately: What is common Danish stød phonetically? Specifically, is there an underlying physiological constancy behind the considerable acoustic variability? And is there a common denominator to the different acoustic manifestations that might explain their perceptual equivalence? Systematic acoustic, physiological, and perceptual investigations of common Danish stød now span (a little more than) three quarters of a century. This is a review of that research, to determine what may be considered established phonetic facts about common Danish stød and the open questions that remain for future research.
{"title":"Three quarters of a century of phonetic research on common Danish stød","authors":"Nina Grønnum","doi":"10.1017/s0332586522000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0332586522000178","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite many attempts, we do not yet know how to answer the question exhaustively and adequately: What is common Danish stød phonetically? Specifically, is there an underlying physiological constancy behind the considerable acoustic variability? And is there a common denominator to the different acoustic manifestations that might explain their perceptual equivalence? Systematic acoustic, physiological, and perceptual investigations of common Danish stød now span (a little more than) three quarters of a century. This is a review of that research, to determine what may be considered established phonetic facts about common Danish stød and the open questions that remain for future research.","PeriodicalId":43203,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47207890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1017/s0332586522000166
Jón Símon Markússon
This paper presents a usage-based cognitive approach to the different rates at which Icelandic masculine forms in nominative/accusative plural -ur are reanalysed as feminine. Of the 14.92% of nouns in plural -ur, 91.89% are feminine, others masculine. Syncretism in nominative/accusative plural is exceptionless among feminines, but relatively rare among masculines. Interestingly, plurals such as masculine eigendur ‘owners’, fætur ‘feet’, vetur ‘winters’ occasionally yield the feminine outputs definite eigendur- nar , fætur- nar , vetur- nar , and are sometimes modified by feminine forms of adjectives and determiners. As the full set of forms in plural -ur is highly schematic, we might expect reanalysis – viewed as a property of a schema’s productivity – to correlate proportionately with the frequency of corresponding masculine forms. However, corpus data for Icelandic betray a mismatch. Through a network model approach that emphasises prototype structure, minimal schematicity is shown to impact the rate of reanalysis by means of a gang effect.
{"title":"Accounting for different rates of gender reanalysis among Icelandic masculine forms in plural -ur","authors":"Jón Símon Markússon","doi":"10.1017/s0332586522000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0332586522000166","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a usage-based cognitive approach to the different rates at which Icelandic masculine forms in nominative/accusative plural -ur are reanalysed as feminine. Of the 14.92% of nouns in plural -ur, 91.89% are feminine, others masculine. Syncretism in nominative/accusative plural is exceptionless among feminines, but relatively rare among masculines. Interestingly, plurals such as masculine eigendur ‘owners’, fætur ‘feet’, vetur ‘winters’ occasionally yield the feminine outputs definite eigendur-\u0000 nar\u0000 , fætur-\u0000 nar\u0000 , vetur-\u0000 nar\u0000 , and are sometimes modified by feminine forms of adjectives and determiners. As the full set of forms in plural -ur is highly schematic, we might expect reanalysis – viewed as a property of a schema’s productivity – to correlate proportionately with the frequency of corresponding masculine forms. However, corpus data for Icelandic betray a mismatch. Through a network model approach that emphasises prototype structure, minimal schematicity is shown to impact the rate of reanalysis by means of a gang effect.","PeriodicalId":43203,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46286674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0332586522000130
Ulla Vanhatalo, C. Lindholm, Tiina Onikki-Rantajääskö
{"title":"Introduction: Easy Language research","authors":"Ulla Vanhatalo, C. Lindholm, Tiina Onikki-Rantajääskö","doi":"10.1017/S0332586522000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0332586522000130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43203,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":"163 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45075331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0332586522000142
Leealaura Leskelä, Arto Mustajoki, Aino Piehl
Abstract This article aims to introduce new insights to further the understanding of easy language (EL) and plain language (PL) as examples of tailored language and place them within a broader context of linguistic varieties. We examine EL and PL in relation to standard language, and we consider the degree of conscious effort required in tailoring and the compliance with the codified norms of standard language. Both EL and PL are used in asymmetric communication: PL to mediate between specialists and the general public and EL in communication with people with language barriers. We argue that while these varieties have similar purposes and methods, they also have significant differences; for example, the tailoring moves in opposite directions, as PL seeks general comprehensibility and EL aims to reach special and vulnerable groups. The differences between PL and EL are primarily linked to social prestige and the potential risk of stigma related to their use.
{"title":"Easy and plain languages as special cases of linguistic tailoring and standard language varieties","authors":"Leealaura Leskelä, Arto Mustajoki, Aino Piehl","doi":"10.1017/S0332586522000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0332586522000142","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article aims to introduce new insights to further the understanding of easy language (EL) and plain language (PL) as examples of tailored language and place them within a broader context of linguistic varieties. We examine EL and PL in relation to standard language, and we consider the degree of conscious effort required in tailoring and the compliance with the codified norms of standard language. Both EL and PL are used in asymmetric communication: PL to mediate between specialists and the general public and EL in communication with people with language barriers. We argue that while these varieties have similar purposes and methods, they also have significant differences; for example, the tailoring moves in opposite directions, as PL seeks general comprehensibility and EL aims to reach special and vulnerable groups. The differences between PL and EL are primarily linked to social prestige and the potential risk of stigma related to their use.","PeriodicalId":43203,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":"194 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44533140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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