Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1957494
T. J. Queimada e Silva
ABSTRACT One of the main arguments used to legitimise Christian military expansion in medieval Iberia was the location of the origin of the Christian Iberian kingdoms in the ancient Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo (507–711), which established a notion of political continuity between these entities. The legitimacy of the Visigothic Kingdom was reflected in the polities that emerged out of the process of Christian expansion, enabling military activity against Muslims to be portrayed as the restoration of Gothic Spain. In the present study, I refer to this view of the past, especially in thirteenth-century Castilian royal historiography, as the neo-Gothic myth. The neo-Gothic myth was an asset held by royalty in the cultural enactment of these social struggles. In this article, I inquire into the reaction of the seignorial aristocracy to the royalty’s neo-Gothic claims, using the historiographical work by Count Pedro of Barcelos (c. 1285–1354). More specifically, I analyse how Count Pedro adapted the neo-Gothic myth to an aristocratic perspective.
{"title":"Aristocratic neo-Gothicism in fourteenth-century Iberia: the case of Count Pedro of Barcelos","authors":"T. J. Queimada e Silva","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2021.1957494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2021.1957494","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the main arguments used to legitimise Christian military expansion in medieval Iberia was the location of the origin of the Christian Iberian kingdoms in the ancient Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo (507–711), which established a notion of political continuity between these entities. The legitimacy of the Visigothic Kingdom was reflected in the polities that emerged out of the process of Christian expansion, enabling military activity against Muslims to be portrayed as the restoration of Gothic Spain. In the present study, I refer to this view of the past, especially in thirteenth-century Castilian royal historiography, as the neo-Gothic myth. The neo-Gothic myth was an asset held by royalty in the cultural enactment of these social struggles. In this article, I inquire into the reaction of the seignorial aristocracy to the royalty’s neo-Gothic claims, using the historiographical work by Count Pedro of Barcelos (c. 1285–1354). More specifically, I analyse how Count Pedro adapted the neo-Gothic myth to an aristocratic perspective.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"350 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48498102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1952470
Antoni Ferrer Abárzuza
ABSTRACT The scarcity of free labourers after the Christian conquests of the Balearic Islands increased the demand for captives. It is assumed that most slaves lived out their lives in captivity, but a significant number of them were in statu libertatis through the so-called contracts of talla or alforria. Historians have often regarded this change of status as an improvement in the captives’ lives, a step closer to freedom; here it is argued that this status was but a different type of subjugation. Captives were made to pay weekly instalments towards the price which their freedom was estimated to be worth. Were they to default, they would revert to fully enslaved status, and this led to the emergence of a contingent of half-free workers. The present study analyses the contracts of talla granted especially in thirteenth-century Mallorca and shows evidence of the contemporary wider spread of this system in Castile.
{"title":"Contracts of talla, from captivity to precarious labour in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries","authors":"Antoni Ferrer Abárzuza","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2021.1952470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2021.1952470","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The scarcity of free labourers after the Christian conquests of the Balearic Islands increased the demand for captives. It is assumed that most slaves lived out their lives in captivity, but a significant number of them were in statu libertatis through the so-called contracts of talla or alforria. Historians have often regarded this change of status as an improvement in the captives’ lives, a step closer to freedom; here it is argued that this status was but a different type of subjugation. Captives were made to pay weekly instalments towards the price which their freedom was estimated to be worth. Were they to default, they would revert to fully enslaved status, and this led to the emergence of a contingent of half-free workers. The present study analyses the contracts of talla granted especially in thirteenth-century Mallorca and shows evidence of the contemporary wider spread of this system in Castile.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"331 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17546559.2021.1952470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45173559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1933128
Lledo Ruiz Domingo
ABSTRACT Sibila de Fortià se convirtió en esposa del rey Pedro el Ceremonioso y reina de Aragón en unas circunstancias inusuales que supusieron una crisis de legitimidad desde los albores de su reinado. En el presente artículo, se analiza cómo la reina Sibila, para compensar las debilidades de su pasado y fortalecer su imagen como meritoria ostentadora de la dignidad regia, desarrolló en los primeros años de su reinado una estrategia de afirmación personal basada en la demostración, promoción y protección de la religiosidad en la Corona de Aragón en momentos tan significativos como el Cisma de Occidente.
{"title":"Prácticas devocionales y espacios litúrgicos de Sibila de Fortià, reina de la Corona de Aragón (r. 1377–1387)","authors":"Lledo Ruiz Domingo","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2021.1933128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2021.1933128","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sibila de Fortià se convirtió en esposa del rey Pedro el Ceremonioso y reina de Aragón en unas circunstancias inusuales que supusieron una crisis de legitimidad desde los albores de su reinado. En el presente artículo, se analiza cómo la reina Sibila, para compensar las debilidades de su pasado y fortalecer su imagen como meritoria ostentadora de la dignidad regia, desarrolló en los primeros años de su reinado una estrategia de afirmación personal basada en la demostración, promoción y protección de la religiosidad en la Corona de Aragón en momentos tan significativos como el Cisma de Occidente.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"214 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17546559.2021.1933128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44179187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1928727
Ricard Torra-Prat
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to reconstruct the meaning of the concept of political corruption in late medieval Catalonia. It discusses a hypothesis that views the period between 1350 and the end of the fifteenth century as the critical stage for the development of political ideas in the Principality of Catalonia. In order to do so, the paper uses a methodology based on two overriding premises: reconstructing the social history of concepts, and conducting a critical analysis of a variety of written primary sources to overcome the tendency of some intellectual history studies that relied too much on the works of a few canonical authors.
{"title":"Francesc Eiximenis and the Catalan idea of corruption in the late medieval Crown of Aragon","authors":"Ricard Torra-Prat","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2021.1928727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2021.1928727","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to reconstruct the meaning of the concept of political corruption in late medieval Catalonia. It discusses a hypothesis that views the period between 1350 and the end of the fifteenth century as the critical stage for the development of political ideas in the Principality of Catalonia. In order to do so, the paper uses a methodology based on two overriding premises: reconstructing the social history of concepts, and conducting a critical analysis of a variety of written primary sources to overcome the tendency of some intellectual history studies that relied too much on the works of a few canonical authors.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"193 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17546559.2021.1928727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44653628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1933127
Álvaro Garrote Pascual
ABSTRACT The Ḥadīẕ de Yūçuf, based on Sūrah 12 of the Qur’ān, shows the role of translation as a border that delimits the confines of the faith, but that, at the same time, functions as a door that facilitates the access of the translator to certain cultural traditions of neighboring faiths. These traditions are used as a contextual resource to achieve the translator's aims without changing the nuclear teachings of the original source. This article shows how the Ḥadīẕ de Yūçuf represents a movement of intellectual border crossing by using the cuaderna vía or biblical motives in order to transmit the spiritual teachings of the original source to reinforce the community's identity.
以《古兰经》ān的Sūrah - 12为基础的Ḥadīẕ de Yūçuf，显示了翻译作为界定信仰界限的边界的作用，但与此同时，它也起到了一扇门的作用，使译者能够方便地接触到邻近信仰的某些文化传统。这些传统被用作语境资源，在不改变原文核心教义的情况下达到译者的目的。这篇文章展示了Ḥadīẕ de Yūçuf如何通过使用cuaderna vía或圣经动机来传递原始来源的精神教义，以加强社区的身份，从而代表了一种跨越知识边界的运动。
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Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1930098
Lilian R. G. Diniz
ABSTRACT Valerius of Bierzo, a hermit who lived in northern Iberia in the last years of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo (568–711), is considered an eccentric character by many scholars. Valerius left a rich, although not long, literary production that is surprising for its originality, equal only to its relative obscurity outside of the Iberian world. Among other things, he wrote a treatise about the “degenerate” monasticism practiced in his region and three short pieces known as his autobiographical works in which he describes his vicissitudes on the path towards an ascetic way of life. Incidentally addressing numerous topics of society, culture, power, and of course, religion, Valerius offers a precious source of information regarding early medieval society in Galicia. This article analyses his comments and impressions based on his personal opinion about the clergy and monastic life in his region. In doing so, it unveils his character and situates his behaviour – and apparent eccentricity – as reflections of his personal life choices and the religious and political impositions to which he was subjected.
在西哥特王国托莱多(568-711)的最后几年，生活在伊比利亚北部的隐士瓦莱留斯(Valerius of Bierzo)被许多学者认为是一个古怪的人物。瓦莱里乌斯留下了丰富的文学作品，虽然时间不长，但其独创性令人惊讶，只有在伊比利亚世界以外的地方才相对默默无闻。除此之外，他还写了一篇关于他所在地区“堕落”的修道主义的论文，以及三篇被称为自传的短篇作品，在这些作品中，他描述了自己走向苦行生活方式的沧桑。顺便提一下，瓦莱里乌斯在书中谈到了社会、文化、权力，当然还有宗教等许多话题，为加利西亚早期中世纪社会提供了宝贵的信息来源。本文从他对所在地区僧侣生活的个人看法出发，分析了他的评论和印象。在这样做的过程中，它揭示了他的性格，并将他的行为和明显的怪癖置于他的个人生活选择和他所遭受的宗教和政治强加的反映之中。
{"title":"Valerius of Bierzo as an interpreter of the seventh-century ecclesiastical environment of northwestern Iberia","authors":"Lilian R. G. Diniz","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2021.1930098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2021.1930098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Valerius of Bierzo, a hermit who lived in northern Iberia in the last years of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo (568–711), is considered an eccentric character by many scholars. Valerius left a rich, although not long, literary production that is surprising for its originality, equal only to its relative obscurity outside of the Iberian world. Among other things, he wrote a treatise about the “degenerate” monasticism practiced in his region and three short pieces known as his autobiographical works in which he describes his vicissitudes on the path towards an ascetic way of life. Incidentally addressing numerous topics of society, culture, power, and of course, religion, Valerius offers a precious source of information regarding early medieval society in Galicia. This article analyses his comments and impressions based on his personal opinion about the clergy and monastic life in his region. In doing so, it unveils his character and situates his behaviour – and apparent eccentricity – as reflections of his personal life choices and the religious and political impositions to which he was subjected.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"145 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17546559.2021.1930098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41883961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1906928
Jorge Díaz Ibáñez
ABSTRACT The present article seeks to identify and study the clergymen that were integrated in the sphere of clientelistic influence of the Castilian cardinal Pedro Gómez Barroso el Viejo (senior) during the pontificate of Pope Clement VI from 1342 until 1350, two years after the cardinal’s death. Close attention is paid to the “Registra Supplicationum” of the Archivio Apostolico Vaticano, in order to analyze the ecclesiastical prebends obtained by these clergymen at the request of the cardinal, within the context of the beneficial policy of Clement VI.
{"title":"El cardenal Pedro Gómez Barroso el Viejo, Clemente VI y las súplicas beneficiales en Castilla","authors":"Jorge Díaz Ibáñez","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2021.1906928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2021.1906928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present article seeks to identify and study the clergymen that were integrated in the sphere of clientelistic influence of the Castilian cardinal Pedro Gómez Barroso el Viejo (senior) during the pontificate of Pope Clement VI from 1342 until 1350, two years after the cardinal’s death. Close attention is paid to the “Registra Supplicationum” of the Archivio Apostolico Vaticano, in order to analyze the ecclesiastical prebends obtained by these clergymen at the request of the cardinal, within the context of the beneficial policy of Clement VI.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"164 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17546559.2021.1906928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49561701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1893896
Laura Miquel Milian
ABSTRACT The fifteenth century witnessed the birth of the first European public banks, amongst them, the Taula de Canvi of Barcelona, founded in 1401. Its almost immediate success is undeniable: the Taula soon had many and powerful clients, and the deposits made in it grew steadily. But some decades later, Barcelona was shattered by the outbreak of the Catalan Civil War (1462–1472), which had a great impact on the Taula. This paper focuses on the analysis of this crisis, as well as on how the city council of Barcelona dealt with the problems of its bank during this period of unrest, which ultimately led to the strengthening of the Taula.
{"title":"The Taula de Canvi of Barcelona: success and troubles of a public bank in the fifteenth century","authors":"Laura Miquel Milian","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2021.1893896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2021.1893896","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The fifteenth century witnessed the birth of the first European public banks, amongst them, the Taula de Canvi of Barcelona, founded in 1401. Its almost immediate success is undeniable: the Taula soon had many and powerful clients, and the deposits made in it grew steadily. But some decades later, Barcelona was shattered by the outbreak of the Catalan Civil War (1462–1472), which had a great impact on the Taula. This paper focuses on the analysis of this crisis, as well as on how the city council of Barcelona dealt with the problems of its bank during this period of unrest, which ultimately led to the strengthening of the Taula.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"236 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17546559.2021.1893896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44300448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2021.1875136
Diana Pelaz Flores
ABSTRACT The coronation ritual in the Kingdom of Castile has been the subject of intense historiographical debate in recent years, but no analysis has been made of the significance of the role played by the queen. Despite the scarcity of documentary evidence on the subject, it is important to reflect on the esteem in which the queen was held and the reasons that led to her being involved in, or excluded from, the ritual of royal anointing. This paper examines the peculiarities surrounding royal coronations in fourteenth-century Castile, as well as the reasons for the presence or absence of the king’s wife.
{"title":"Crowning the queen: staging legitimacy and the coronation ritual in fourteenth-century Castile","authors":"Diana Pelaz Flores","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2021.1875136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2021.1875136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The coronation ritual in the Kingdom of Castile has been the subject of intense historiographical debate in recent years, but no analysis has been made of the significance of the role played by the queen. Despite the scarcity of documentary evidence on the subject, it is important to reflect on the esteem in which the queen was held and the reasons that led to her being involved in, or excluded from, the ritual of royal anointing. This paper examines the peculiarities surrounding royal coronations in fourteenth-century Castile, as well as the reasons for the presence or absence of the king’s wife.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"74 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17546559.2021.1875136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44332285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2020.1868549
Marija Blašković
ABSTRACT Debido al carácter situacional de los encuentros de la cima sociopolítica medieval, sus miembros se apoyaban en señales verbales y no verbales para representar rangos, fortalecer vínculos, superar malentendidos y evitar conflictos. Dicho espectro semiótico se usa para analizar las interacciones que en la Historia Roderici tienen lugar entre el héroe Rodrigo Díaz el Cid y los miembros de las redes regio-nobiliarias peninsulares. Una lectura detenida de estas interacciones ofrece nuevos matices interpretativos que, a su vez, llevan la impronta del contexto sociopolítico de la obra y aportan pistas para el mejor entendimiento de los modos de comunicarse en la Plena Edad Media.
由于中世纪社会政治上层会议的情境性质，其成员依靠语言和非语言信号来代表等级，加强联系，克服误解和避免冲突。这个符号学光谱被用来分析罗德里西故事中的英雄罗德里戈diaz el Cid和伊比利亚地区贵族网络成员之间的互动。仔细阅读这些互动提供了新的解释细微之处，而这些细微之处又带有作品的社会政治背景的印记，并为更好地理解中世纪的交流方式提供了线索。
{"title":"El orden social y el poder de la inestabilidad en la Historia Roderici","authors":"Marija Blašković","doi":"10.1080/17546559.2020.1868549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2020.1868549","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Debido al carácter situacional de los encuentros de la cima sociopolítica medieval, sus miembros se apoyaban en señales verbales y no verbales para representar rangos, fortalecer vínculos, superar malentendidos y evitar conflictos. Dicho espectro semiótico se usa para analizar las interacciones que en la Historia Roderici tienen lugar entre el héroe Rodrigo Díaz el Cid y los miembros de las redes regio-nobiliarias peninsulares. Una lectura detenida de estas interacciones ofrece nuevos matices interpretativos que, a su vez, llevan la impronta del contexto sociopolítico de la obra y aportan pistas para el mejor entendimiento de los modos de comunicarse en la Plena Edad Media.","PeriodicalId":43210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"53 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17546559.2020.1868549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43446854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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