R. Nandini, I. Susila, R. Agustarini, Gipi Samawandana
Developing agroforestry systems in private forests is expected to increase productivity. This study aims to determine the appropriate agroforestry design for Falcataria moluccana-based private forests in Central Lombok Regency. Three intercrop species were tested: small taro (Colocasia esculenta), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews). This study was established using a completely randomized design. The three planting combinations were examined in three replications for a total of nine test plots: F. moluccana+vanilla+small taro (FmVT), F. moluccana+vanilla+ginger (FmVG), and F. moluccana+vanilla+ginger+small taro (FmVGT). Each test plot was 10 x 10 m and was located at 3 x 3 m spacing under a 3-year-old F. moluccana stand. The measured variables were crop survival rates, plant yields, and microclimatic data. The correlation between the variables was examined using the Pearson Product Moment, Duncan's advanced multiple range test (DMRT), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The market price was used to determine the crop's economic value. The best agroforestry design was based on the economic value of crop production and the land equivalent ratio. The results indicated that the combination of F. moluccana, vanilla, ginger, and small taro, which generated an additional income of IDR 11,851,250 ha-1 a year, should be widely promoted and adopted.
{"title":"Evaluating agroforestry patterns to increase land productivity of Falcataria moluccana private forests in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara","authors":"R. Nandini, I. Susila, R. Agustarini, Gipi Samawandana","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i2.25752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i2.25752","url":null,"abstract":"Developing agroforestry systems in private forests is expected to increase productivity. This study aims to determine the appropriate agroforestry design for Falcataria moluccana-based private forests in Central Lombok Regency. Three intercrop species were tested: small taro (Colocasia esculenta), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews). This study was established using a completely randomized design. The three planting combinations were examined in three replications for a total of nine test plots: F. moluccana+vanilla+small taro (FmVT), F. moluccana+vanilla+ginger (FmVG), and F. moluccana+vanilla+ginger+small taro (FmVGT). Each test plot was 10 x 10 m and was located at 3 x 3 m spacing under a 3-year-old F. moluccana stand. The measured variables were crop survival rates, plant yields, and microclimatic data. The correlation between the variables was examined using the Pearson Product Moment, Duncan's advanced multiple range test (DMRT), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The market price was used to determine the crop's economic value. The best agroforestry design was based on the economic value of crop production and the land equivalent ratio. The results indicated that the combination of F. moluccana, vanilla, ginger, and small taro, which generated an additional income of IDR 11,851,250 ha-1 a year, should be widely promoted and adopted.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76051341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The livelihoods of farmers in developing countries are often associated with the existence of forests, especially agroforestry. The dynamics of agroforestry and livelihoods could not be separated from the political context and developments in Indonesia. In this paper, the dynamics of Sustainable Livelihood Assets (SLA) owned by smallholder farmers are explored using three political sequences, namely the New Order Era, the Reform Era, and the Post-Reform Era. The result showed that the development of agroforestry in Gunungkidul had been primarily influenced by political initiatives that have a connection with vegetation coverage, livelihood assets, and species composition in the systems. The livelihoods possessed by farmers have been relatively sustainable during the past five decades; only a slight change could be observed in the ownership of capital. The political initiatives have been an enabling environment for agroforestry development that support sustainable livelihoods. The study recommends that the socio-political culture needs to consider the traditional agroforestry system in order to sustain the livelihoods of the people.
{"title":"The Dynamics of Sustainable Livelihoods and Agroforestry in Gunungkidul Karst Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"E. Sulistiyowati, Setiadi Setiadi, E. Haryono","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i2.21886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i2.21886","url":null,"abstract":"The livelihoods of farmers in developing countries are often associated with the existence of forests, especially agroforestry. The dynamics of agroforestry and livelihoods could not be separated from the political context and developments in Indonesia. In this paper, the dynamics of Sustainable Livelihood Assets (SLA) owned by smallholder farmers are explored using three political sequences, namely the New Order Era, the Reform Era, and the Post-Reform Era. The result showed that the development of agroforestry in Gunungkidul had been primarily influenced by political initiatives that have a connection with vegetation coverage, livelihood assets, and species composition in the systems. The livelihoods possessed by farmers have been relatively sustainable during the past five decades; only a slight change could be observed in the ownership of capital. The political initiatives have been an enabling environment for agroforestry development that support sustainable livelihoods. The study recommends that the socio-political culture needs to consider the traditional agroforestry system in order to sustain the livelihoods of the people.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74886706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the top-down Chinese political system, flood management has traditionally been led by the government, with the general public playing a supporting role. Within this context, individual-level disaster prevention behaviors are strongly interacted with the government-public collaboration during the government-led flood management processes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how government-public collaboration affects individuals’ flood mitigation responses in China. An online survey data with 550 respondents from the Yellow River Delta area was examined with regard to the individuals’ willingness to take positive mitigation actions, and ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to explore the influence of the government-public collaboration factors, which are digested into three aspects: public involvement, public awareness and political trust, that motivate individuals to take flood mitigation measures. The results demonstrate that public involvement and political trust are positively correlated with the likelihood of individuals’ adopting positive mitigation actions, while public awareness and self-reported preparedness were also positively correlated, although to a less significant degree. This study contributes to the current literature by increasing the understanding of how government-public collaboration determines individual mitigation actions in the Chinese collectivist cultural environment. The results of this study reveal that involving the public effectively and earnestly through various forms of community engagement are likely to promote individual-level disaster prevention behaviors, from this point of view, can help policymakers to guide local residents towards taking responsible flood risk management and preventative actions.
{"title":"How government-public collaboration affects individual mitigation responses to flooding: A case study in Yellow River Delta area, China","authors":"Lei Xie, Yijie Wang, Shuang Li","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i2.22601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i2.22601","url":null,"abstract":"In the top-down Chinese political system, flood management has traditionally been led by the government, with the general public playing a supporting role. Within this context, individual-level disaster prevention behaviors are strongly interacted with the government-public collaboration during the government-led flood management processes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how government-public collaboration affects individuals’ flood mitigation responses in China. An online survey data with 550 respondents from the Yellow River Delta area was examined with regard to the individuals’ willingness to take positive mitigation actions, and ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to explore the influence of the government-public collaboration factors, which are digested into three aspects: public involvement, public awareness and political trust, that motivate individuals to take flood mitigation measures. The results demonstrate that public involvement and political trust are positively correlated with the likelihood of individuals’ adopting positive mitigation actions, while public awareness and self-reported preparedness were also positively correlated, although to a less significant degree. This study contributes to the current literature by increasing the understanding of how government-public collaboration determines individual mitigation actions in the Chinese collectivist cultural environment. The results of this study reveal that involving the public effectively and earnestly through various forms of community engagement are likely to promote individual-level disaster prevention behaviors, from this point of view, can help policymakers to guide local residents towards taking responsible flood risk management and preventative actions.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86620964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article argues that local adaptive capacity of the smallholder farmers determines their decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies in the upland farming communities in the Philippines. This argument is based on the research conducted in the selected upland farming communities in the Philippines, Vietnam and Timor-Leste in 2017-2018 using the Local Adaptive Capacity (LAC) framework as the theoretical foundation. The study involved a survey of 637 upland farmers who were selected using simple random sampling; focus group discussion; key informant interviews; and, farm visits. Results revealed that the smallholder farmers across the three countries had low level of adaptive capacity. Binary logistics regression also indicates that leadership (p=.078) and innovations (p=.000) are the factors that influence farmers to adopt climate change adaptation strategies in the Philippines, while knowledge (p=0.000) and community assets (p=0.000) as the determinants among the smallholder farmers in Vietnam. In Timor-Leste, the decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies are community assets (p=0.001), knowledge (p=0.000), and innovations (p=0.007). These results suggest an urgent need of enhancing the local adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers to be able to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
{"title":"Determinants of the decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder upland farmers in Southeast Asia","authors":"L. Landicho, Nam Le Van, Agusthino Ximenes","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i2.22641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i2.22641","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that local adaptive capacity of the smallholder farmers determines their decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies in the upland farming communities in the Philippines. This argument is based on the research conducted in the selected upland farming communities in the Philippines, Vietnam and Timor-Leste in 2017-2018 using the Local Adaptive Capacity (LAC) framework as the theoretical foundation. The study involved a survey of 637 upland farmers who were selected using simple random sampling; focus group discussion; key informant interviews; and, farm visits. Results revealed that the smallholder farmers across the three countries had low level of adaptive capacity. Binary logistics regression also indicates that leadership (p=.078) and innovations (p=.000) are the factors that influence farmers to adopt climate change adaptation strategies in the Philippines, while knowledge (p=0.000) and community assets (p=0.000) as the determinants among the smallholder farmers in Vietnam. In Timor-Leste, the decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies are community assets (p=0.001), knowledge (p=0.000), and innovations (p=0.007). These results suggest an urgent need of enhancing the local adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers to be able to adapt to the impacts of climate change.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84715970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last few decades, numerous countries have invested vast sums of money and resources in addressing the effects of climate change through adaptation and mitigation measures. Part of these actions, however, resulted in maladaptation. This research investigates the adaptation response to climate change that (potentially) becomes maladaptation for both upstream and downstream watershed communities. This research uses a watershed approach located in the Saddang watershed, one of Indonesia's priority watersheds. The primary data were obtained from observation and in-depth interviews with villagers directly affected by extreme weather (droughts and floods) occurred between 2009 and 2020. The examination of satellite imagery yielded secondary data that revealed changes in land cover, sedimentation, and river flow. This study reveals that by applying a watershed approach, forms of maladaptation are found in the upstream area and have detrimental effects not only on the area itself, but also to the downstream. The upstream deforestation occurring in the period was closely related to the adaptation responses (maladaptation) to the effects of a long drought, which is likely to form a vicious circle between adaptation and exacerbating the impacts of climate change in the coming years. In addition, upstream maladaptations make downstream areas more vulnerable: they divert and create new hazards, and therefore vulnerability of other groups, although some positive examples of adaptation are also found downstream. Programs labeled "climate resilience" with increased food security are applied in both upstream and downstream regions, triggering maladaptation that has a wider impact and illustrating the non-consolidation of adaptation actions that take into account a watershed as a distinct landscape.
{"title":"Adaptation From Maladaptation: A Case study of Community-Based Initiatives of the Saddang Watershed","authors":"Naufal Naufal, Muh Faisal Mappiasse, M. I. Nasir","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.19453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.19453","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few decades, numerous countries have invested vast sums of money and resources in addressing the effects of climate change through adaptation and mitigation measures. Part of these actions, however, resulted in maladaptation. This research investigates the adaptation response to climate change that (potentially) becomes maladaptation for both upstream and downstream watershed communities. This research uses a watershed approach located in the Saddang watershed, one of Indonesia's priority watersheds. The primary data were obtained from observation and in-depth interviews with villagers directly affected by extreme weather (droughts and floods) occurred between 2009 and 2020. The examination of satellite imagery yielded secondary data that revealed changes in land cover, sedimentation, and river flow. This study reveals that by applying a watershed approach, forms of maladaptation are found in the upstream area and have detrimental effects not only on the area itself, but also to the downstream. The upstream deforestation occurring in the period was closely related to the adaptation responses (maladaptation) to the effects of a long drought, which is likely to form a vicious circle between adaptation and exacerbating the impacts of climate change in the coming years. In addition, upstream maladaptations make downstream areas more vulnerable: they divert and create new hazards, and therefore vulnerability of other groups, although some positive examples of adaptation are also found downstream. Programs labeled \"climate resilience\" with increased food security are applied in both upstream and downstream regions, triggering maladaptation that has a wider impact and illustrating the non-consolidation of adaptation actions that take into account a watershed as a distinct landscape.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83989120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Urbanization process in Indonesia’s big cities causes adverse environmental impacts such as climate change and land cover change. Urban climate change causes the warming of urban areas compared to rural areas; it is called Urban Heat Island phenomenon. Loss of vegetation due to urban development is one of several causes that contribute to urban heat islands. This study examines the availability of green spaces and their effects on the surface urban heat island in Denpasar city. This study used the spatial approach for Urban Green space mapping with digitizing methods. Landsat 8's thermal band is used for land surface temperature mapping and to conduct a spatial pattern analysis of the SUHI phenomena. The Global Moran’s Index and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to determine the correlation between urban green space and SUHI. The study result shows that Denpasar City's urban green space area covers 28.22 km2. That's equal to 22.1% of the Denpasar City Administrative area. Denpasar Selatan district has the largest urban green space cover, with 14.19 km2 covered, or 50.27% of all the green space in Denpasar City. The majority of Denpasar is affected by UHI occurrences, except the northern region of North Denpasar and the southern region of South Denpasar. The maximum UHI level reaches 4-5°C, located on the east side of South Denpasar, especially in the Sanur coastal area. According to the spatial pattern study, the association between urban green space and SUHI only exists on the north side of Denpasar. The correlation between low-SUHI intensity clusters and high cover of green space is shown in the same area. However, the association between High-UHI intensity and low green space cover has not significantly happened. It indicated that other factors besides green space could affect the land surface temperature.
{"title":"Urban Green Space Analysis and its Effect on the Surface Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Denpasar City, Bali","authors":"","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.24526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.24526","url":null,"abstract":"The Urbanization process in Indonesia’s big cities causes adverse environmental impacts such as climate change and land cover change. Urban climate change causes the warming of urban areas compared to rural areas; it is called Urban Heat Island phenomenon. Loss of vegetation due to urban development is one of several causes that contribute to urban heat islands. This study examines the availability of green spaces and their effects on the surface urban heat island in Denpasar city. This study used the spatial approach for Urban Green space mapping with digitizing methods. Landsat 8's thermal band is used for land surface temperature mapping and to conduct a spatial pattern analysis of the SUHI phenomena. The Global Moran’s Index and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to determine the correlation between urban green space and SUHI. The study result shows that Denpasar City's urban green space area covers 28.22 km2. That's equal to 22.1% of the Denpasar City Administrative area. Denpasar Selatan district has the largest urban green space cover, with 14.19 km2 covered, or 50.27% of all the green space in Denpasar City. The majority of Denpasar is affected by UHI occurrences, except the northern region of North Denpasar and the southern region of South Denpasar. The maximum UHI level reaches 4-5°C, located on the east side of South Denpasar, especially in the Sanur coastal area. According to the spatial pattern study, the association between urban green space and SUHI only exists on the north side of Denpasar. The correlation between low-SUHI intensity clusters and high cover of green space is shown in the same area. However, the association between High-UHI intensity and low green space cover has not significantly happened. It indicated that other factors besides green space could affect the land surface temperature.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82275795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arni Syawal, S. Pudyatmoko, L. R. Faida, E. V. Sirami, Esti Gesang Setyadi, P. Puradyatmika, Rendy Enggar Suwandi, M. Imron
Interactions between humans and carnivores have been range from positive to negative, occasionally leading to human-wildlife conflict in many parts of the world. While dogs have roles to support humans, wild dogs such as wolf, dingoes, and singing dogs have both potential positive and negative roles for humans. We gathered knowledge among tribes in Pegunungan Tengah of Papua, Indonesia on their interactions with the New Guinea Singing Dog (NGSD) using an ethno-conservation approach. We conducted in-depth interviews using both emit and etic approaches with informants from the Amungme, Damal, Moni and Dani (Lani) tribes, who live in the habitat of the dog. Data were analyzed using phenomenological, content analysis, and analytical induction processes. The four tribes have traditional knowledge about the dog and its habitat, thus forming behavioral patterns, belief systems and cultural values toward NGSD. The ethno-conservation of these tribes is reflected in their culture as results from their ability to identify the dog’s sensitivity to the change of environment including human disturbances, water quality and food availability. The tribes also limit themselves to share information about NGSD to outsiders and respect the dogs as their ancestors. Residents of the four Indigenous tribes of Pegunungan Tengah believe that NGSD is the reincarnation and avatar of the dwelling spirits of their ancestors. We discuss the implications of these findings for the conservation of this non-protected species by the Indonesian government, but endemic to Papua.
{"title":"Ethno-conservation of New Guinea Singing Dog among Tribes in Pegunungan Tengah, Papua, Indonesia","authors":"Arni Syawal, S. Pudyatmoko, L. R. Faida, E. V. Sirami, Esti Gesang Setyadi, P. Puradyatmika, Rendy Enggar Suwandi, M. Imron","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.24022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.24022","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between humans and carnivores have been range from positive to negative, occasionally leading to human-wildlife conflict in many parts of the world. While dogs have roles to support humans, wild dogs such as wolf, dingoes, and singing dogs have both potential positive and negative roles for humans. We gathered knowledge among tribes in Pegunungan Tengah of Papua, Indonesia on their interactions with the New Guinea Singing Dog (NGSD) using an ethno-conservation approach. We conducted in-depth interviews using both emit and etic approaches with informants from the Amungme, Damal, Moni and Dani (Lani) tribes, who live in the habitat of the dog. Data were analyzed using phenomenological, content analysis, and analytical induction processes. The four tribes have traditional knowledge about the dog and its habitat, thus forming behavioral patterns, belief systems and cultural values toward NGSD. The ethno-conservation of these tribes is reflected in their culture as results from their ability to identify the dog’s sensitivity to the change of environment including human disturbances, water quality and food availability. The tribes also limit themselves to share information about NGSD to outsiders and respect the dogs as their ancestors. Residents of the four Indigenous tribes of Pegunungan Tengah believe that NGSD is the reincarnation and avatar of the dwelling spirits of their ancestors. We discuss the implications of these findings for the conservation of this non-protected species by the Indonesian government, but endemic to Papua.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80360413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. M. A. P. Suardana, N. Anggraini, M. R. Nandika, Kholifatul Aziz, A. As-syakur, A. Ulfa, Agung Dwi Wijaya, Wiji Prasetio, G. Winarso, R. Dewanti
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the greenhouse gases that causes global warming with the highest concentration in the atmosphere. Mangrove forests can absorb CO2 three times higher than terrestrial forests and tropical rainforests. Moreover, mangrove forests can be a source of Indonesian income in the form of a blue economy, therefore an accurate method is needed to investigates mangrove carbon stock. Utilization of remote sensing data with the results of the above-ground carbon (AGC) detection model of mangrove forests based on multispectral imaging and vegetation index, can be a solution to get fast, cheap, and accurate information related to AGC estimation. This study aimed to investigates the best model for estimating the AGC of mangroves using Sentinel-2 imagery in Benoa Bay, Bali Province. The random forest (RF) method was used to classified the difference between mangrove and non-mangrove with the treatment of several parameters. Furthermore, a semi-empirical approach was used to assessed and map the AGC of mangroves. Allometric equations were used to calculated and produced AGC per species. Moreover, the model was built with linear regression equations for one variable x, and multiple regression equations for more than one x variable. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to assess the validation of the model results. The results of the mangrove forests area detected in the research location around 1134.92 ha, with an Overall Accuracy (OA) of 0.984 and a kappa coefficient of 0.961. This study highlights that the best model was the combination of IRECI and TRVI vegetation indices (RMSE: 11.09 Mg/ha) for a model based on red edge bands. Meanwhile, the best results from the model that does not use the red edge band were the combination of TRVI and DVI vegetation indices (RMSE: 13.63 Mg/ha). The use of red edge and NIR bands is highly recommended in building the AGC model of mangrove forests because they can increase the accuracy value. Thus, the results of this study are highly recommended in estimating the AGC of mangrove forests, because it has been proven to be able to increase the accuracy value of previous studies using optical images.
{"title":"Estimation and Mapping Above-Ground Mangrove Carbon Stock Using Sentinel-2 Data Derived Vegetation Indices in Benoa Bay of Bali Province, Indonesia","authors":"A. A. M. A. P. Suardana, N. Anggraini, M. R. Nandika, Kholifatul Aziz, A. As-syakur, A. Ulfa, Agung Dwi Wijaya, Wiji Prasetio, G. Winarso, R. Dewanti","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.22062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.22062","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the greenhouse gases that causes global warming with the highest concentration in the atmosphere. Mangrove forests can absorb CO2 three times higher than terrestrial forests and tropical rainforests. Moreover, mangrove forests can be a source of Indonesian income in the form of a blue economy, therefore an accurate method is needed to investigates mangrove carbon stock. Utilization of remote sensing data with the results of the above-ground carbon (AGC) detection model of mangrove forests based on multispectral imaging and vegetation index, can be a solution to get fast, cheap, and accurate information related to AGC estimation. This study aimed to investigates the best model for estimating the AGC of mangroves using Sentinel-2 imagery in Benoa Bay, Bali Province. The random forest (RF) method was used to classified the difference between mangrove and non-mangrove with the treatment of several parameters. Furthermore, a semi-empirical approach was used to assessed and map the AGC of mangroves. Allometric equations were used to calculated and produced AGC per species. Moreover, the model was built with linear regression equations for one variable x, and multiple regression equations for more than one x variable. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to assess the validation of the model results. The results of the mangrove forests area detected in the research location around 1134.92 ha, with an Overall Accuracy (OA) of 0.984 and a kappa coefficient of 0.961. This study highlights that the best model was the combination of IRECI and TRVI vegetation indices (RMSE: 11.09 Mg/ha) for a model based on red edge bands. Meanwhile, the best results from the model that does not use the red edge band were the combination of TRVI and DVI vegetation indices (RMSE: 13.63 Mg/ha). The use of red edge and NIR bands is highly recommended in building the AGC model of mangrove forests because they can increase the accuracy value. Thus, the results of this study are highly recommended in estimating the AGC of mangrove forests, because it has been proven to be able to increase the accuracy value of previous studies using optical images.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73707153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muchlas Dharmawan Tualle, A. Mujetahid, M. Dassir, Nurhady Sirimorok, Ashraf Muhammad, Aryo Dwi Prasetyo
This study aims to explain how a peasant community makes decisions in response to recurring crises in order to maintain their farms, and the extent to which vulnerability contexts and (external) institutions influence peasants’ decision-making regarding their livelihoods. In doing so, we present a case study of the Village of Ranga, in the South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, where data collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data regarding farmers' livelihood strategies in responding to the crises, in the form of commodity booms and busts, is analyzed by employing a sustainable rural livelihoods framework, while a Chayanovian “balance” approach is used to understand peasants’ decision making and the extent to which they retain operations as ‘peasant farms’. We found that the most critical vulnerability that directly contributes to changes in the peasants' livelihood trajectories is successive shocks in the form of physical disturbances to plants and land. In making decisions regarding changes in livelihood strategies when facing crises, farmers seem to be pushed to abandon various balances they previously upheld, except to some extent the labor-consumption balance. This change potentially deepens the vulnerability of the Ranga Village peasants by adding more exposure to volatile markets and environmental pressure (such climate-induced hazards, pests, disease, and water crisis). This research can help us to understand the nature of the peasant responses in times of crises, and therefore help to inform the scanning of potential strategic measures for rural agricultural development in order to increase agricultural resilience.
{"title":"Living through crises due to successive commodity booms and busts: Investigating the changing peasants farming style in rural Indonesia","authors":"Muchlas Dharmawan Tualle, A. Mujetahid, M. Dassir, Nurhady Sirimorok, Ashraf Muhammad, Aryo Dwi Prasetyo","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.21545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.21545","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explain how a peasant community makes decisions in response to recurring crises in order to maintain their farms, and the extent to which vulnerability contexts and (external) institutions influence peasants’ decision-making regarding their livelihoods. In doing so, we present a case study of the Village of Ranga, in the South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, where data collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data regarding farmers' livelihood strategies in responding to the crises, in the form of commodity booms and busts, is analyzed by employing a sustainable rural livelihoods framework, while a Chayanovian “balance” approach is used to understand peasants’ decision making and the extent to which they retain operations as ‘peasant farms’. We found that the most critical vulnerability that directly contributes to changes in the peasants' livelihood trajectories is successive shocks in the form of physical disturbances to plants and land. In making decisions regarding changes in livelihood strategies when facing crises, farmers seem to be pushed to abandon various balances they previously upheld, except to some extent the labor-consumption balance. This change potentially deepens the vulnerability of the Ranga Village peasants by adding more exposure to volatile markets and environmental pressure (such climate-induced hazards, pests, disease, and water crisis). This research can help us to understand the nature of the peasant responses in times of crises, and therefore help to inform the scanning of potential strategic measures for rural agricultural development in order to increase agricultural resilience.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88806786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annuri Rossita, R. Boer, L. Hein, D. Nurrochmat, A. Riqqi
Peatland stretches across approximately 8% of Indonesia’s land area. Peat fire disturbance, which affects the carbon dynamics of the ecosystem, will determine the country's vision for a long-term strategy for low carbon development. While the impact of excessive draining on peatland fire is well-known to the scientific community, much less is known about peatland fire regimes in distinctive land management systems. We examined the effect of land use, land management, and climatic factors in peatland fires. The examination was performed at the Peat Hydrological Unit at Gaung–Batang Tuaka, Riau, Indonesia. We used a semi-automatic approach to determine the area of burned peatland and used a spatial analysis tool to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of peatland fire in the region. Our results demonstrate an increasing trend of peatland fires between 2001 and 2020, with 33% of the burned peatland undergoing multiple fires. The bulk of the burned land was covered by either wet shrubs or estate crops, with the area of burned wet shrub-land cover was two times higher than the burned estate crop-land cover. Concerning peatland draining, this study found a positive correlation between draining intensity, as represented by canal density, and burned area in peatland forests. In managed and unmanaged land, canal density had no apparent correlation with the area of peatland burned; however, we found that the weighted area of burned peatland was, on average, seven times higher in the unmanaged area compared to the managed area. These findings urgently demand an increase in community participation in the utilization of unmanaged land and prompt execution of peatland rewetting in drained peat forests. While the government of Indonesia has developed a social forestry and agrarian reform scheme to enable the legal utilization of unproductive land in forest areas, we argue that greater impacts can only be achieved if environmental services incentive schemes escalate non-party actors' participation.
{"title":"Peatland fire regime across Riau peat hydrological unit, Indonesia","authors":"Annuri Rossita, R. Boer, L. Hein, D. Nurrochmat, A. Riqqi","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.21996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.21996","url":null,"abstract":"Peatland stretches across approximately 8% of Indonesia’s land area. Peat fire disturbance, which affects the carbon dynamics of the ecosystem, will determine the country's vision for a long-term strategy for low carbon development. While the impact of excessive draining on peatland fire is well-known to the scientific community, much less is known about peatland fire regimes in distinctive land management systems. We examined the effect of land use, land management, and climatic factors in peatland fires. The examination was performed at the Peat Hydrological Unit at Gaung–Batang Tuaka, Riau, Indonesia. We used a semi-automatic approach to determine the area of burned peatland and used a spatial analysis tool to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of peatland fire in the region. Our results demonstrate an increasing trend of peatland fires between 2001 and 2020, with 33% of the burned peatland undergoing multiple fires. The bulk of the burned land was covered by either wet shrubs or estate crops, with the area of burned wet shrub-land cover was two times higher than the burned estate crop-land cover. Concerning peatland draining, this study found a positive correlation between draining intensity, as represented by canal density, and burned area in peatland forests. In managed and unmanaged land, canal density had no apparent correlation with the area of peatland burned; however, we found that the weighted area of burned peatland was, on average, seven times higher in the unmanaged area compared to the managed area. These findings urgently demand an increase in community participation in the utilization of unmanaged land and prompt execution of peatland rewetting in drained peat forests. While the government of Indonesia has developed a social forestry and agrarian reform scheme to enable the legal utilization of unproductive land in forest areas, we argue that greater impacts can only be achieved if environmental services incentive schemes escalate non-party actors' participation.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91287436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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