Pahmi Pahmi, B. Gunawan, J. Iskandar, Rini Soemarwoto
Studies on the social impacts of oil palm development have focused on various communities with distinct characteristics. Due to the rarity of comparative investigations, this study aimed to examine the impact of oil palm plantation expansion on the Suku Anak Dalam, Jambi Malay, and the Javanese transmigrant, the three communities with different socio-economic characteristics. In-depth interviews and observations were conducted to understand the communities’ interaction and dependence on forest resources. The study also conducted a household census to assess 67 Malay and 66 Javanese transmigrant families. However, a household census could not be conducted to asses 45 families of the Suku Anak Dalam due to some limitations. This necessitated indirect data collection through the community leader. The results showed that the oil palm development significantly and negatively impacts the Suku Anak Dalam more than the Malay community and the Javanese transmigrant. The Suku Anak Dalam face difficulties in meeting their basic needs because the conversion of forest areas into oil palm plantations has reduced their access to these resources. In contrast, the Malay community and the Javanese transmigrants have enjoyed various benefits, such as ownership of oil palm gardens, employment opportunities as daily laborers, and partnerships with companies through the nucleus-plasma program. Therefore, it is crucial for the government to protect the Suku Anak Dalam community from the negative impacts of oil palm plantation development activities.
油棕发展的社会影响研究主要集中在各具特色的社区。由于比较调查较少，本研究旨在探讨油棕种植扩张对具有不同社会经济特征的苏库阿纳克达拉姆、占碑马来人和爪哇移民的影响。通过深入访谈和观察，了解群落对森林资源的相互作用和依赖。该研究还进行了住户普查，评估了67个马来和66个爪哇移民家庭。然而，由于一些限制，无法进行住户普查，以评估Suku Anak Dalam的45个家庭。这就需要通过社区领导间接收集数据。结果表明，油棕的发展对苏库阿纳克达拉姆的影响大于对马来社区和爪哇移民的影响。Suku Anak Dalam在满足其基本需求方面面临困难，因为将森林地区转变为油棕种植园减少了他们获得这些资源的机会。相比之下，马来社区和爪哇移民享有各种福利，例如拥有油棕花园，作为日工的就业机会，以及通过核等离子体计划与公司建立伙伴关系。因此，政府保护Suku Anak Dalam社区免受油棕种植开发活动的负面影响至关重要。
{"title":"Reverse Social Impact of Oil Palm Plantation Expansion: A Study of Three Communities in Jambi, Indonesia","authors":"Pahmi Pahmi, B. Gunawan, J. Iskandar, Rini Soemarwoto","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.24803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.24803","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the social impacts of oil palm development have focused on various communities with distinct characteristics. Due to the rarity of comparative investigations, this study aimed to examine the impact of oil palm plantation expansion on the Suku Anak Dalam, Jambi Malay, and the Javanese transmigrant, the three communities with different socio-economic characteristics. In-depth interviews and observations were conducted to understand the communities’ interaction and dependence on forest resources. The study also conducted a household census to assess 67 Malay and 66 Javanese transmigrant families. However, a household census could not be conducted to asses 45 families of the Suku Anak Dalam due to some limitations. This necessitated indirect data collection through the community leader. The results showed that the oil palm development significantly and negatively impacts the Suku Anak Dalam more than the Malay community and the Javanese transmigrant. The Suku Anak Dalam face difficulties in meeting their basic needs because the conversion of forest areas into oil palm plantations has reduced their access to these resources. In contrast, the Malay community and the Javanese transmigrants have enjoyed various benefits, such as ownership of oil palm gardens, employment opportunities as daily laborers, and partnerships with companies through the nucleus-plasma program. Therefore, it is crucial for the government to protect the Suku Anak Dalam community from the negative impacts of oil palm plantation development activities.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"BC-24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84940473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. H. Daulay, Fitria Dewi Susanti, D. Laraswati, Erliza C. Arthalina, A. Maryudi
Many parts of non-forest zones (Areal untuk Penggunaaan Lain/APL) in Indonesia are forested but are however under intense pressure from unsustainable practices and conversion. To help preserve forested APL zones, the Ministry of Environment of Forestry is envisioning the integration of forested APL areas into the operational activities of the Forest Management Units/ FMUs (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan/KPH), a management arm of the forest administration. Under the current governance arrangements, FMUs are not tasked to manage the areas. In this paper, we developed new governance arrangements and management scenarios that permit management of forested APL by FMUs based on iterative processes and intensive consultation with related stakeholders. We developed three plausible broad scenarios: 1) the handing over forested APLs to FMUs, 2) co-management, and 3) FMUs to provide technical assistance for preserving forested APLs. We further detailed the three scenarios into five different models. Our scenarios of institutional arrangements and management models are by no means prescriptive and readily operationalized on the ground. Instead, the processes by which the scenarios and models were developed can be adopted when the FMUs intend to develop more detailed scenarios that reflect specific situations and conditions.
印度尼西亚的许多非森林地区(Areal untuk penggunaan Lain/APL)都有森林，但却受到不可持续的做法和转换的巨大压力。为了帮助保护森林保护区，林业环境部正在设想将森林保护区纳入森林管理单位/ FMUs (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan/KPH)的业务活动，这是森林管理部门的一个管理部门。在目前的管治安排下，基金管理单位并不负责管理这些范畴。在本文中，我们开发了新的治理安排和管理方案，允许fmu基于迭代过程和与相关利益相关者的深入磋商来管理森林APL。我们提出了三种大致可行的方案:1)将森林原料药移交给森林资源管理单位;2)共同管理;3)森林资源管理单位为保护森林原料药提供技术援助。我们将这三种场景进一步细化为五个不同的模型。我们关于体制安排和管理模式的设想绝不是规定性的，也不容易在实地实施。相反，当fmu打算制定反映具体情况和条件的更详细的情景时，可以采用制定情景和模型的过程。
{"title":"New land governance models and management scenarios: Fitting Forest Management Units (FMUs) for forested landscapes outside forest zones in Indonesia","authors":"M. H. Daulay, Fitria Dewi Susanti, D. Laraswati, Erliza C. Arthalina, A. Maryudi","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.23962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.23962","url":null,"abstract":"Many parts of non-forest zones (Areal untuk Penggunaaan Lain/APL) in Indonesia are forested but are however under intense pressure from unsustainable practices and conversion. To help preserve forested APL zones, the Ministry of Environment of Forestry is envisioning the integration of forested APL areas into the operational activities of the Forest Management Units/ FMUs (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan/KPH), a management arm of the forest administration. Under the current governance arrangements, FMUs are not tasked to manage the areas. In this paper, we developed new governance arrangements and management scenarios that permit management of forested APL by FMUs based on iterative processes and intensive consultation with related stakeholders. We developed three plausible broad scenarios: 1) the handing over forested APLs to FMUs, 2) co-management, and 3) FMUs to provide technical assistance for preserving forested APLs. We further detailed the three scenarios into five different models. Our scenarios of institutional arrangements and management models are by no means prescriptive and readily operationalized on the ground. Instead, the processes by which the scenarios and models were developed can be adopted when the FMUs intend to develop more detailed scenarios that reflect specific situations and conditions.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83998579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted food security for the people due to the imposition of stringent measures to halt the spread of COVID-19 transmission. This study aimed to measure the community’s perception of the level of COVID-19 impacts on their food security and to identify the community’s participation in forest management around the Forest Management Unit (FMU) in Sook, Keningau District of Sabah, to improve their livelihood. A mixed-method approach was conducted where a total of 122 respondents were sampled using a questionnaire survey, focus group discussion with communities, and expert interviews to gather more valuable data. The result showed that the communities were primarily involved in forest management through employment, empowerment, capacity building, and decision-making, which could indirectly contribute to their food security. Meanwhile, the impacts of the COVID-19 transmission were found to moderately affect the people who live inside or adjacent to the forest. The impacts could be explained based on eight themes as the outcome of Principal Component Analysis (PCA): market access, food storage and safety, resource availability, adequate nutrition, food aid, affordability, continuous food supply, and food adaptation to shock. Communities were mainly involved in agricultural practices and could obtain resources from the forest to supplement their daily need. The communities raise a prominent issue regarding land tenure that needs to be resolved; thus, it is suggested that imperative action be considered to create a balance between conservation, economy, and social responsibilities.
{"title":"Impact and Mitigation Measures of COVID-19 towards Food Security Through Participation in Forest Management by Community in Sook, Keningau District, Sabah","authors":"Vilaretti Atin, W. Lintangah","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.22618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.22618","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted food security for the people due to the imposition of stringent measures to halt the spread of COVID-19 transmission. This study aimed to measure the community’s perception of the level of COVID-19 impacts on their food security and to identify the community’s participation in forest management around the Forest Management Unit (FMU) in Sook, Keningau District of Sabah, to improve their livelihood. A mixed-method approach was conducted where a total of 122 respondents were sampled using a questionnaire survey, focus group discussion with communities, and expert interviews to gather more valuable data. The result showed that the communities were primarily involved in forest management through employment, empowerment, capacity building, and decision-making, which could indirectly contribute to their food security. Meanwhile, the impacts of the COVID-19 transmission were found to moderately affect the people who live inside or adjacent to the forest. The impacts could be explained based on eight themes as the outcome of Principal Component Analysis (PCA): market access, food storage and safety, resource availability, adequate nutrition, food aid, affordability, continuous food supply, and food adaptation to shock. Communities were mainly involved in agricultural practices and could obtain resources from the forest to supplement their daily need. The communities raise a prominent issue regarding land tenure that needs to be resolved; thus, it is suggested that imperative action be considered to create a balance between conservation, economy, and social responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90848506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia is home to many indigenous peoples who can preserve the environment through their traditions amid the increasing of external values and lifestyles’ penetration. The following presents the indigenous ecological knowledge of the Serawai people in the form of the celako kemali. Based on insights from the Indigenous research methods, this study aims first to assess the persistence of the celako kemali as a method for farming practices. Second, to identify transmission patterns of the celako kemali among generations in the Serawai community. This study found that there were 19 types of celako kemali. The current analysis demonstrates that, out of the 19 celako kemali, three types have been completely abandoned, five are still in use but with minor modifications, and eleven are still valid by established standards. The first generation acquires knowledge from their parents through the internalization process within the family. This first generation still preserves and maintains the 19 celako kemali daily farming activities. The second generation acquires knowledge through internalization within the family and horizontally by sharing experiences with other farmers, but horizontal channels are more dominant. This generation knows the 19 types of the celako kemali, although they dare to modify five types without losing the essence of their body of knowledge. The third generation acquires knowledge through vertical and oblique transmission, in which the oblique channel is predominant. This third generation learns a lot from village elders unrelated to the family, teachers, and mass media. However, this generation has abandoned completely three types of the celako kemali.
{"title":"Will Indigenous Ecological Knowledge Vanish? Assessing Persistence of the Celako kemali in Farming Practices among the Serawainese in Bengkulu, Indonesia","authors":"Panji Suminar","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.22033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.22033","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is home to many indigenous peoples who can preserve the environment through their traditions amid the increasing of external values and lifestyles’ penetration. The following presents the indigenous ecological knowledge of the Serawai people in the form of the celako kemali. Based on insights from the Indigenous research methods, this study aims first to assess the persistence of the celako kemali as a method for farming practices. Second, to identify transmission patterns of the celako kemali among generations in the Serawai community. This study found that there were 19 types of celako kemali. The current analysis demonstrates that, out of the 19 celako kemali, three types have been completely abandoned, five are still in use but with minor modifications, and eleven are still valid by established standards. The first generation acquires knowledge from their parents through the internalization process within the family. This first generation still preserves and maintains the 19 celako kemali daily farming activities. The second generation acquires knowledge through internalization within the family and horizontally by sharing experiences with other farmers, but horizontal channels are more dominant. This generation knows the 19 types of the celako kemali, although they dare to modify five types without losing the essence of their body of knowledge. The third generation acquires knowledge through vertical and oblique transmission, in which the oblique channel is predominant. This third generation learns a lot from village elders unrelated to the family, teachers, and mass media. However, this generation has abandoned completely three types of the celako kemali.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72734202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Shadow of the Palms offers a haunting and novel perspective on themes of dispossession and alienation wrought by the expansion of oil palm agribusiness in Indonesia. Drawing on fieldwork with a Marind community in the Upper Bian in West Papua, the text endeavors to describe such dispossessory dynamics from an embodied Marind ontology. Meticulous descriptions of interactions with various animal and plant species evidence a profound intersubjectivity of human and environment in the Marind world. Moreover, these encounters with multi-species entanglements often reveal how the Marind accommodate and assimilate the spiritual and material incursions inflicted by expanding oil palm production. Chao’s argument takes issue with recent theoretical trends in multispecies studies for their failure to engage “with Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies, its limited consideration of the “human” category in the context of racializing assemblages, its uncritical celebration of interspecies entanglements, and its insufficient attention to unloving (rather than loved species, and its failure to approach violence itself as a multispecies act).” The evidence Chao provides in the form of thick ethnographic description and songs translations, stories, and dream accounts convincingly complicates the tendency to generalize plant-beings as either benevolent helpers, enigmatic tricksters, or passive, neutral fixtures. The reader is forced to reckon with oil palm as a causal agent implicit in the devastation of forests and rivers fouled by chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the haunted dreams and bodies of the Marind people.
{"title":"Book Review: In the Shadow of the Palms: More-Than-Human Becomings in West Papua. Sophie Chao. Duke University Press, 2022","authors":"Carter Beale","doi":"10.24259/fs.v7i1.24765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.24765","url":null,"abstract":"In the Shadow of the Palms offers a haunting and novel perspective on themes of dispossession and alienation wrought by the expansion of oil palm agribusiness in Indonesia. Drawing on fieldwork with a Marind community in the Upper Bian in West Papua, the text endeavors to describe such dispossessory dynamics from an embodied Marind ontology. Meticulous descriptions of interactions with various animal and plant species evidence a profound intersubjectivity of human and environment in the Marind world. Moreover, these encounters with multi-species entanglements often reveal how the Marind accommodate and assimilate the spiritual and material incursions inflicted by expanding oil palm production. Chao’s argument takes issue with recent theoretical trends in multispecies studies for their failure to engage “with Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies, its limited consideration of the “human” category in the context of racializing assemblages, its uncritical celebration of interspecies entanglements, and its insufficient attention to unloving (rather than loved species, and its failure to approach violence itself as a multispecies act).” The evidence Chao provides in the form of thick ethnographic description and songs translations, stories, and dream accounts convincingly complicates the tendency to generalize plant-beings as either benevolent helpers, enigmatic tricksters, or passive, neutral fixtures. The reader is forced to reckon with oil palm as a causal agent implicit in the devastation of forests and rivers fouled by chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the haunted dreams and bodies of the Marind people.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77505239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maya Dania, Wanwalee Inpin, Reni Juwitasari, Y. Miyake, Y. Takeuchi, Takayoshi Maki
This research is conducted in Santikhiri, a hilltop village on the highest peak in the Doi Mae Salong forest, where climate change increases the intensity and frequency of natural disasters that immensely affect the local children in the mountainous area in Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand. There is only one secondary-level school in this forest landscape educating around 900 schoolchildren from various minority hill-tribe ethnic groups. This paper examines everyday life experiences recentering the village school's role as the producer of safe space for the forest children from climate disasters. School safety is a global framework for recognizing the importance of child-centered efforts in building disaster resilience for the education sector. Parameters and variables used to measure the disaster resilience of schools are adapted from the Climate Resilience Model and School Safety Model by Tong et al. (2012), covering three dimensions: 1) institutional issues, 2) physical conditions, and 3) external relationships. Lefebvre's Spatial Triad Framework is applied to dialectically interconnect dimensions to produce a safe space at the village school to protect the students from climate disaster threats. A mix-method method is applied with several techniques to collect data, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis. Furthermore, a scale Likert survey examined statements on school safety from educational practitioners in the rural forest area. The research argues that the production of safe space at the school is intertwined with budget allocation for disaster preparedness and response (institutional issue as l'espace concu), environmental protection campaign to create a hygienic school environment (physical conditions as l'espace percu), and support from the local community (external relations as l'espace vecu). However, the school is also two contradicting spaces of conceived and lived. Through the critical examination of the production of safe space, the school is a planned space of hierarchical power relations in institutional issues focusing on impacts from rapid-onset disasters. Concurrently, the forest children are still marginalized from external relationships and natural conditions' slow-onset climate change impacts.
这项研究是在位于Doi Mae Salong森林最高峰的山顶村庄Santikhiri进行的，气候变化增加了自然灾害的强度和频率，极大地影响了泰国北部清莱省山区的当地儿童。在这片森林景观中，只有一所中学，教育着大约900名来自不同山地部落少数民族的学生。本文考察了乡村学校作为气候灾害中森林儿童安全空间制造者的日常生活经验。学校安全是一个全球框架，认识到以儿童为中心的努力在教育部门建设抗灾能力方面的重要性。用于衡量学校抗灾能力的参数和变量改编自Tong等人(2012)的气候弹性模型和学校安全模型，涵盖三个维度:1)制度问题，2)物理条件，3)外部关系。Lefebvre的空间三元框架被应用于辩证地相互联系的维度，在乡村学校产生一个安全的空间，以保护学生免受气候灾害的威胁。采用混合方法收集数据，包括参与式观察、半结构化访谈和内容分析。此外，李克特量表调查检查了农村森林地区教育从业者对学校安全的陈述。研究认为，学校安全空间的生产与防灾和救灾的预算分配(制度问题称为l'espace concu)、创造卫生学校环境的环境保护运动(物理条件称为l'espace percu)以及当地社区的支持(外部关系称为l'espace vecu)交织在一起。然而，学校也是两个相互矛盾的构思和生活空间。通过对安全空间生产的批判性检查，学校是一个在制度问题中关注快速灾害影响的等级权力关系的规划空间。与此同时，森林儿童仍然被外部关系和自然条件缓慢发生的气候变化影响边缘化。
{"title":"The Production of Safety School Space from Climate Disasters in Doi Mae Salong Forest, Upland Northern Thailand","authors":"Maya Dania, Wanwalee Inpin, Reni Juwitasari, Y. Miyake, Y. Takeuchi, Takayoshi Maki","doi":"10.24259/fs.v6i2.20739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i2.20739","url":null,"abstract":"This research is conducted in Santikhiri, a hilltop village on the highest peak in the Doi Mae Salong forest, where climate change increases the intensity and frequency of natural disasters that immensely affect the local children in the mountainous area in Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand. There is only one secondary-level school in this forest landscape educating around 900 schoolchildren from various minority hill-tribe ethnic groups. This paper examines everyday life experiences recentering the village school's role as the producer of safe space for the forest children from climate disasters. School safety is a global framework for recognizing the importance of child-centered efforts in building disaster resilience for the education sector. Parameters and variables used to measure the disaster resilience of schools are adapted from the Climate Resilience Model and School Safety Model by Tong et al. (2012), covering three dimensions: 1) institutional issues, 2) physical conditions, and 3) external relationships. Lefebvre's Spatial Triad Framework is applied to dialectically interconnect dimensions to produce a safe space at the village school to protect the students from climate disaster threats. A mix-method method is applied with several techniques to collect data, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis. Furthermore, a scale Likert survey examined statements on school safety from educational practitioners in the rural forest area. The research argues that the production of safe space at the school is intertwined with budget allocation for disaster preparedness and response (institutional issue as l'espace concu), environmental protection campaign to create a hygienic school environment (physical conditions as l'espace percu), and support from the local community (external relations as l'espace vecu). However, the school is also two contradicting spaces of conceived and lived. Through the critical examination of the production of safe space, the school is a planned space of hierarchical power relations in institutional issues focusing on impacts from rapid-onset disasters. Concurrently, the forest children are still marginalized from external relationships and natural conditions' slow-onset climate change impacts.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86381609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulastri Sardjo, A. Dharmawan, D. Darusman, E. Wahyuni
The Indonesian government has expanded the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) to reduce the impact of global climate change and conserve ecosystem biodiversity. This policy has been resisted by local communities who need access to GHNSP area to support their livelihoods. Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been applied in this study to explain the occurrence of agricultural expansion and its impact on the household economy in the GHSNP area. This study is supported by an analysis of secondary data regarding land cover changes in the GHSNP corridor area. This study found that farmers have been able to take reflexive and rational actions by utilizing power relations and social networks to regain their access in the GHSNP area. It was shown by the formation of concentrated agriculture expansion in areas that were previously stated as the forestry corporation concessions. Agricultural expansion has increased due to the economic needs of the resident, migration, and the resident's need for land. Massive agricultural expansion in the GHSNP corridor has changed land use and corridor landscapes and disrupted conservation goals. This study concludes that agricultural expansion occurred as a response of farmers to government decisions to expand the national park into areas the local communities considered part of their living space. The complexity of changes due to agricultural expansion in conservation areas challenges conservation experts and the forestry profession to develop adaptive management that is more sensitive to change and community needs.
{"title":"The Agricultural Expansion in Conservation Areas: The Case of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java","authors":"Sulastri Sardjo, A. Dharmawan, D. Darusman, E. Wahyuni","doi":"10.24259/fs.v6i2.18380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i2.18380","url":null,"abstract":"The Indonesian government has expanded the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) to reduce the impact of global climate change and conserve ecosystem biodiversity. This policy has been resisted by local communities who need access to GHNSP area to support their livelihoods. Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been applied in this study to explain the occurrence of agricultural expansion and its impact on the household economy in the GHSNP area. This study is supported by an analysis of secondary data regarding land cover changes in the GHSNP corridor area. This study found that farmers have been able to take reflexive and rational actions by utilizing power relations and social networks to regain their access in the GHSNP area. It was shown by the formation of concentrated agriculture expansion in areas that were previously stated as the forestry corporation concessions. Agricultural expansion has increased due to the economic needs of the resident, migration, and the resident's need for land. Massive agricultural expansion in the GHSNP corridor has changed land use and corridor landscapes and disrupted conservation goals. This study concludes that agricultural expansion occurred as a response of farmers to government decisions to expand the national park into areas the local communities considered part of their living space. The complexity of changes due to agricultural expansion in conservation areas challenges conservation experts and the forestry profession to develop adaptive management that is more sensitive to change and community needs.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85849040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Anugrah, Andi Vika Faradiba Muin, Irlan Irlan, Muhammad Agung Tomasina, Nur Azila, Nurhady Sirimorok, N. E. Dungga, Syamsu Alam
Social forestry programs, aimed to reduce poverty in forest communities while maintaining the forest function, are increasingly incorporating gender issues and responsiveness. By design, social forestry program is supposed to promote justice and equality for forest users, but on the ground discriminatory practices against women are occurring. Drawing case study from two Indonesian villages, this study examined the extent of discrimination against women in the implementation of the state social forestry programs. In-depth interviews, observations, and focused group discussions were conducted to collect the data from the villages to analyze the extent of discriminatory practices by using a social justice framework with a three-dimensional approach, namely recognition, representation, and participation, as well as distribution. This study found that women were not recognized as the primary users of forest land (not considered as farmers), low representation and participation of women in the Social Forestry Groups, and unequal distribution of benefits between women and men in obtaining assistance and participation in training for capacity building. Furthermore, gender based discrimination and inequality in social forestry are influenced by local social constructions in the form of patriarchal culture and religious belief. Finally, discrimination against women can take place even in state programs designed to bring justice in the context of joint forestry management, and the formal programs with a degree of gender responsive elements can be succumbed to biased local informal institutions and beliefs.
{"title":"Injustice against Women in a Social Forestry Program: Case Studies from Two Indonesian Villages","authors":"D. Anugrah, Andi Vika Faradiba Muin, Irlan Irlan, Muhammad Agung Tomasina, Nur Azila, Nurhady Sirimorok, N. E. Dungga, Syamsu Alam","doi":"10.24259/fs.v6i2.20006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i2.20006","url":null,"abstract":"Social forestry programs, aimed to reduce poverty in forest communities while maintaining the forest function, are increasingly incorporating gender issues and responsiveness. By design, social forestry program is supposed to promote justice and equality for forest users, but on the ground discriminatory practices against women are occurring. Drawing case study from two Indonesian villages, this study examined the extent of discrimination against women in the implementation of the state social forestry programs. In-depth interviews, observations, and focused group discussions were conducted to collect the data from the villages to analyze the extent of discriminatory practices by using a social justice framework with a three-dimensional approach, namely recognition, representation, and participation, as well as distribution. This study found that women were not recognized as the primary users of forest land (not considered as farmers), low representation and participation of women in the Social Forestry Groups, and unequal distribution of benefits between women and men in obtaining assistance and participation in training for capacity building. Furthermore, gender based discrimination and inequality in social forestry are influenced by local social constructions in the form of patriarchal culture and religious belief. Finally, discrimination against women can take place even in state programs designed to bring justice in the context of joint forestry management, and the formal programs with a degree of gender responsive elements can be succumbed to biased local informal institutions and beliefs.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78942464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sufandi Iswanto, N. Nurasiah, Teuku Kusnafizal, M. Haikal, Z. Zulfan, Abdul Azis, Ramazan Ramazan
This article examined the history of the merkus pine forest in the Dutch colonial era in Tanah Gayo, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The researcher focused on finding facts about (1) forest management and exploitation; and (2) the life of the contract labor. In this study, we employed the historical method using primary sources, which consisted of documents or archives, reports, pictures, and records of the Dutch people’s journey to Tanah Gayo. In addition, the secondary sources were books, newspapers, thesis, and relevant articles. The author found three very basic problems. First, before the arrival of the Dutch colonials, most of the merkus pine forest was part of ulayat lands and customary forests. The forest itself was regulated by custom and maight not be owned by individuals. In addition, the community was traditionally given the right to use the resources in the forest. During the Dutch colonial period, the forest management system adopted many systems and rules from Java, but these rules were interpreted by the Dutch according to the purpose of exploitation so that it seemed unclear. Second, the contract labor were Javanese, but these workers were actually part of human exploitation.
{"title":"Management, Exploitation and Contract Labor of the Pine Merkusi Forest in Tanah Gayo during the Dutch Colonial Period","authors":"Sufandi Iswanto, N. Nurasiah, Teuku Kusnafizal, M. Haikal, Z. Zulfan, Abdul Azis, Ramazan Ramazan","doi":"10.24259/fs.v6i2.20138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i2.20138","url":null,"abstract":"This article examined the history of the merkus pine forest in the Dutch colonial era in Tanah Gayo, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The researcher focused on finding facts about (1) forest management and exploitation; and (2) the life of the contract labor. In this study, we employed the historical method using primary sources, which consisted of documents or archives, reports, pictures, and records of the Dutch people’s journey to Tanah Gayo. In addition, the secondary sources were books, newspapers, thesis, and relevant articles. The author found three very basic problems. First, before the arrival of the Dutch colonials, most of the merkus pine forest was part of ulayat lands and customary forests. The forest itself was regulated by custom and maight not be owned by individuals. In addition, the community was traditionally given the right to use the resources in the forest. During the Dutch colonial period, the forest management system adopted many systems and rules from Java, but these rules were interpreted by the Dutch according to the purpose of exploitation so that it seemed unclear. Second, the contract labor were Javanese, but these workers were actually part of human exploitation.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76452837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suwichan Phatthanaphraiwan, Lilly Zeitler, Benjamin Fairfield
Burgeoning recognition of Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge and livelihood practices have led to ‘Special Cultural Zone’ designations for some traditionally Indigenous lands in Thailand. Simultaneously, the Thai government has designated 10 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to bolster trade and investments along its borders without acknowledging the pre-existence of Indigenous peoples. SEZs intersect with sites of notable cultural significance, such as Kho Pho Lu (Pagoda of the Gods), a sacred site for Indigenous Karen near Mae Sot in Tak province. Detailed ethnographic and interview findings show the resilience of these sacred sites and embedded ritualistic place-making practices that persist despite a legacy of Indigenous displacement. Ethnobotanical findings of 39 sampled taxa in the sacred forest of Kho Pho Lu indicate that cultural and spiritual practices support local biodiversity conservation. Potential biocultural conservation approaches include the adoption of ‘Special Cultural Zones’ to promote Indigenous well-being and the preservation of biocultural diversity in Thailand.
{"title":"The Pagoda of the Gods: A case for Indigenous Karen sacred sites as Special Cultural Zones along Thailand’s borders","authors":"Suwichan Phatthanaphraiwan, Lilly Zeitler, Benjamin Fairfield","doi":"10.24259/fs.v6i2.20962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i2.20962","url":null,"abstract":"Burgeoning recognition of Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge and livelihood practices have led to ‘Special Cultural Zone’ designations for some traditionally Indigenous lands in Thailand. Simultaneously, the Thai government has designated 10 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to bolster trade and investments along its borders without acknowledging the pre-existence of Indigenous peoples. SEZs intersect with sites of notable cultural significance, such as Kho Pho Lu (Pagoda of the Gods), a sacred site for Indigenous Karen near Mae Sot in Tak province. Detailed ethnographic and interview findings show the resilience of these sacred sites and embedded ritualistic place-making practices that persist despite a legacy of Indigenous displacement. Ethnobotanical findings of 39 sampled taxa in the sacred forest of Kho Pho Lu indicate that cultural and spiritual practices support local biodiversity conservation. Potential biocultural conservation approaches include the adoption of ‘Special Cultural Zones’ to promote Indigenous well-being and the preservation of biocultural diversity in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75309225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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