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Functional and Stylistic Considerations of Mixed Grog- and Shell-Tempered Late Mississippian Pottery from the Nashville Basin 来自纳什维尔盆地的混合格罗格和贝壳回火的密西西比晚期陶器的功能和风格考虑
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.5406/23274271.47.1.03
Domenique C. Sorresso, C. Duke, Charles R. Cobb, Brad R. Lieb, Edmond A. Boudreaux, Anthony M. Krus
Mississippian period ceramic assemblages in the Nashville Basin region of Tennessee are traditionally viewed as being overwhelmingly shell tempered. Our petrographic analyses of 30 ceramic sherds from three Middle Cumberland sites have revealed, however, the presence of grog, or crushed potsherds, in shell-tempered pastes in over 40% of our specimens. In our study, serving vessels are often tempered with both shell and grog, with one bowl rim containing solely grog. Cooking vessels tend to be tempered with coarse shell and contain only incidental grog. Grog tempering alongside shell has been only occasionally noted elsewhere in the regional literature, but the lack of its widespread recognition may be due to the difficulty of identification without the assistance of a petrographic microscope. It is not clear whether the addition of small grog particles to a shell-tempered paste offers any immediate functional advantages. Other studies suggest that grog temper could improve the workability of the clay, may reduce thermal shock, and may enhance a vessel's resistance to mechanical stress. The strong correlation of fine grog and shell temper with bowls, however, may constitute a low-visibility horizon marker for an extensive swath of the Late Mississippian culture area.
田纳西州纳什维尔盆地地区的密西西比时代陶瓷组合传统上被视为绝大多数是经过贝氏回火的。然而,我们对来自中坎伯兰三个地点的30块陶瓷碎片的岩相分析表明,在我们的样本中,超过40%的贝壳回火浆中存在grog或压碎的碎片。在我们的研究中,上菜的器皿通常同时用果壳和grog进行回火,其中一个碗边缘只含有grog。烹饪器皿往往是用粗糙的外壳进行回火的,并且只含有偶然的grog。在区域文献的其他地方,偶尔会注意到与外壳一起的Grog回火,但其缺乏广泛的认识可能是由于在没有岩相显微镜的帮助下难以识别。目前尚不清楚在外壳回火的糊状物中添加小的grog颗粒是否会带来任何直接的功能优势。其他研究表明,grog回火可以提高粘土的可加工性,可以减少热冲击,并可以提高容器对机械应力的抵抗力。然而,细砾石和贝壳脾气与碗状物之间的强烈相关性,可能构成了密西西比晚期文化区大片地区的低能见度地平线标志。
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引用次数: 0
Stable and Radiogenic Isotope Analysis of Faunal Remains from a Western Iowa Oneota Complex Site: An Investigation of Diet and Mobility Variation in the Late Prehistoric Period of the Upper Midwest 爱荷华州西部奥涅奥塔复合体动物遗骸的稳定和放射成因同位素分析:对中西部上游史前晚期饮食和活动性变化的调查
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.3.02
A. Waterman, Bryan S. Kendall, Chérie E. Haury-Artz, Andrew D. Somerville, D. Peate
This study provides evidence of the value of using isotopic data from faunal remains to understand human diet and mobility patterns when human remains are not available for examination. In this research, bone apatite, bone collagen, and enamel apatite from fauna recovered from recent excavations of the Dixon site (13WD8), an Oneota complex site (AD 1300–1400) in western Iowa, were analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr values. The goals of this study were to gather information about human and animal diet and mobility and faunal procurement strategies of humans in the late prehistoric period of upper midwestern North America and to contribute to the growing literature using domesticated dogs as surrogates for humans in isotopic studies of dietary patterns. The results of this study find that the people occupying the Dixon site were subsisting on agricultural products, including maize, in conjunction with the gathered wild resources and hunted fauna, which included both large and small local game. While the Oneota complex is thought to be associated with some amount of seasonal migration, there is no evidence of these movements offered via this study's data nor is there strong evidence of long-distance hunting. Domesticated canids were an important part of the Dixon settlement and were fed human foodstuffs and scraps, including maize. At times, these canids were also a source of food. As a substitute for analyses of human remains, this study uses the canine surrogacy approach (CSA) and argues that the canid data would be similar to the human data from the Dixon settlement. A Bayesian stable-isotope mixing model (MixSiar) was used to quantitatively interpret the stable-isotope values of the Dixon canids, and it suggests that bison hunting was a specialization of the human population occupying the Dixon site.
这项研究提供了证据,证明在人类遗骸无法检查的情况下,使用动物遗骸的同位素数据来了解人类饮食和行动模式的价值。在这项研究中,对最近在爱荷华州西部的奥涅塔复合体Dixon遗址(公元1300–1400年)发掘的动物群中发现的骨磷灰石、骨胶原和釉质磷灰石的δ13C、δ15N、δ18O和87Sr/86Sr值进行了分析。这项研究的目的是收集有关北美洲中西部史前晚期人类的人类和动物饮食、行动能力和动物群获取策略的信息,并为越来越多的文献做出贡献,在饮食模式的同位素研究中,使用驯养狗作为人类的代孕品。这项研究的结果发现,占据Dixon遗址的人以农产品为生,包括玉米,以及收集的野生资源和被猎杀的动物群,其中包括大型和小型的当地猎物。虽然奥涅奥塔复合体被认为与一定数量的季节性迁徙有关,但这项研究的数据没有提供这些迁徙的证据,也没有强有力的证据表明有远距离狩猎。驯养的犬科动物是Dixon定居点的重要组成部分,它们被喂给人类食物和残渣,包括玉米。有时,这些犬科动物也是食物的来源。作为人类遗骸分析的替代品,这项研究使用了犬类代孕方法(CSA),并认为犬类数据与Dixon定居点的人类数据相似。贝叶斯稳定同位素混合模型(MixSiar)用于定量解释Dixon犬科动物的稳定同位素值,它表明野牛狩猎是Dixon地区人类种群的一种专门化。
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引用次数: 1
A Diagnostic Early Seventeenth-Century Glass-Bead Assemblage from New Lenox, Illinois: Building a Midwestern Glass-Bead Chronological Sequence 来自伊利诺伊州新莱诺克斯的17世纪早期玻璃珠诊断组合:建立中西部玻璃珠时间序列
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.3.03
W. Billeck
An assemblage of 33 glass beads dates the protohistoric component at the New Lenox site in Illinois to within Glass Bead Period 2 (1600–1625/1630). All the white glass beads had been opacified with tin and lead, as determined by pXRF, resulting in a chemical composition indicative of a pre-1625 date. The New Lenox beads likely derived from indirect trade primarily with the French in northeast North America. Since it falls within a tightly dated time frame of circa 1609–1625, the New Lenox assemblage provides an important building block for a regional bead sequence for the Midwest.
伊利诺伊州新莱诺克斯遗址的33颗玻璃珠的组合可追溯到玻璃珠时期2(1600–1625/1630)。通过pXRF测定,所有的白色玻璃珠都用锡和铅进行了遮光,得到了指示1625年以前日期的化学组成。新莱诺克斯珠子可能主要来自北美东北部与法国人的间接贸易。由于它位于1609-1625年左右的时间框架内,新莱诺克斯组合为中西部的区域珠粒序列提供了重要的构建块。
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引用次数: 0
A Mississippian Hooded Bottle and the Genesis of Iowa Archaeology 密西西比带帽的瓶子和爱荷华州考古学的起源
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.3.01
W. Whittaker, J. Tiffany
A Mississippian hooded bottle from the Henry Aicher Mound Group in eastern Iowa is significant to the study of Mississippian interactions with non-Mississippian groups in the upper Mississippi Valley. The mound excavations by M. W. Davis in 1863–1864 were the first research-oriented archaeological projects in Iowa, and the mounds were among the first mapped in the state. The excavation methods, analysis, reporting, and outreach by Davis and later researchers were exemplary for their time. Although undated, comparison of the decorated hooded bottle recovered from the 1864 excavations with artifacts from other regional cultures with Mississippian Stirling phase contacts, notably the Mill Creek culture of northwest Iowa, supports a date of AD 1100–1200 for this vessel associated with a child burial.
爱荷华州东部Henry Aicher Mound群的一个密西西比带帽瓶子对研究密西西比河谷上游密西西比人与非密西西比人群体的相互作用具有重要意义。M.W.Davis于1863年至1864年进行的土丘发掘是爱荷华州第一个以研究为导向的考古项目,土丘也是该州最早绘制地图的项目之一。戴维斯和后来的研究人员的挖掘方法、分析、报告和外联工作在他们那个时代堪称典范。尽管未注明日期,但将1864年发掘中发现的带帽装饰瓶与密西西比-斯特林时期接触的其他地区文化的文物进行比较,尤其是爱荷华州西北部的米尔溪文化,可以证明这艘船与儿童埋葬有关的日期为公元1100年至1200年。
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引用次数: 1
Reconstructing the Coles Creek Settlement System: The View from the Hinterlands 重建Coles Creek定居点系统:从腹地看
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.2.02
D. LaDu
Archaeological investigations in the Lower Mississippi Valley continue to demonstrate a penchant for studying mound-and-plaza sites at the expense of the less conspicuous villages and hamlets where the majority of the populace is presumed to have resided. Acknowledging this bias, this article contributes a comparative study of 10 nonmound Terminal Woodland period Coles Creek sites. Following a site-by-site discussion, a preliminary characterization of the complete Late Woodland settlement system is presented, focusing on site size, site layout, and immediate environment. The results underscore the importance of determining whether Coles Creek communities were organized as part of a settlement hierarchy or heterarchy, which has far-ranging implications that affect how we interpret everything from subsistence economics and sociopolitical organization to meanings, beliefs, and worldview of the residents of this region during late prehistory.
在密西西比河谷下游的考古调查继续表明,人们倾向于研究土丘和广场遗址,而忽略了那些不那么显眼的村庄和小村庄,而这些地方被认为是大多数人口居住的地方。承认这种偏见,本文贡献了10个非丘终端林地时期科尔斯溪遗址的比较研究。在逐个站点的讨论之后,本文提出了完整的晚期林地聚落系统的初步特征,重点是站点大小、站点布局和直接环境。研究结果强调了确定科尔斯克里克社区是作为一个等级或等级的一部分组织起来的重要性,这对我们如何解释从生存经济和社会政治组织到史前晚期该地区居民的意义、信仰和世界观都有深远的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Dating the Late Archaic at the Davidson Site (AhHk-54), Ontario 安大略省戴维森遗址(AhHk-54)的古代晚期断代
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.2.03
Christopher Ellis, J. Conolly, S. Monckton
A large series of 56 AMS dates are reported from the Davidson site, occupied during both the Broadpoint and Smallpoint Late Archaic. The focus is on documenting the occupation history of the site itself. The dates on various features often do not match superposition data or associations with diagnostics and provide a case study of the great potential for component mixing on such sites, which can go unrecognized without multiple dates from different materials. Despite that evidence, overall the kernel density function models show that the dates fall into two more-or-less distinctive groupings centered at circa 2250 cal BC and at circa 1150 cal BC, matching previous age estimates of the two main components and also suggesting an intriguing circa 300-year gap between those two intensive occupations. The analyses suggest charcoal dates overestimate age when compared to dates from nutshell by about 120 years and that the consistency of dates from particular feature clusters often indicates they represent an “integrated series of events.”
戴维森遗址报告了大量的56个AMS日期,包括Broadpoint和Smallpoint晚古代史。重点是记录该遗址本身的占领历史。各种特征上的日期通常与叠加数据或与诊断的关联不匹配,并提供了一个案例研究,说明在这些地点上存在成分混合的巨大潜力,如果没有来自不同材料的多个日期,这种情况可能无法识别。尽管有这样的证据,总的来说,核密度函数模型显示,这些日期大致分为两个不同的组,以公元前2250年左右和公元前1150年左右为中心,与之前对两个主要组成部分的年龄估计相匹配,也表明这两个密集职业之间有一个有趣的大约300年的差距。分析表明,与果壳测年相比,木炭测年高估了大约120年的年龄,而且来自特定特征簇的日期的一致性通常表明它们代表了“一系列综合事件”。
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引用次数: 1
Drilled Bear Canine Teeth from an Archaeological Site in East-Central Kansas 在堪萨斯州中东部的一个考古遗址中发现了熊的钻齿
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.2.01
R. Hoard
A minimum of 14 drilled bear canine teeth associated with 5 human teeth and fragmented bone from a surface exposure in east-central Kansas indicate contact between groups participating in the Hopewell social network in the American Midwest. Drilled, polished, ground, and scored bear teeth, along with a range of exotic and symbolic artifacts, are characteristic of Hopewell burial sites. The Kansas site, 14LY405, where the bear teeth were found marks the southwestern extent of the known distribution of sites with a specific kind of drilled bear canines and helps define the boundary of the Hopewell social network in the Great Plains.
在堪萨斯州中东部,至少有14颗被钻出的熊犬齿和5颗人类牙齿以及表面暴露的碎骨表明,参与美国中西部霍普韦尔社交网络的群体之间存在联系。钻、磨、磨和刻痕的熊牙,以及一系列具有异国情调和象征性的人工制品,是霍普韦尔墓地的特征。发现熊齿的堪萨斯州遗址14LY405标志着已知分布地点的西南范围,其中有一种特殊的熊齿,并有助于确定大平原上霍普韦尔社会网络的边界。
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引用次数: 1
Current Evidence Does Not Support a Hopewell Age, Provenience, or Affiliation for the Figurine Allegedly from Hopeton Earthworks or the Hopewell Mound Group 目前的证据并不支持霍普顿土方工程或霍普威尔土堆群的小雕像的霍普威尔时代,出处或隶属关系
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.2.04
Michelle R. Bebber, J. Williams, Maximilian R Barczok, M. Eren
Everhart and Biehl's research, discussed within, questions our conclusions regarding a ceramic figurine allegedly from Hopeton Earthworks. They conclude that the figurine is culturally Hopewell and that its provenience is the Hopewell Mound Group. Here, we demonstrate that there is no verified provenience for the figurine and no evidence for validly inferring a Hopewell affiliation. Instead, the preponderance of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the figurine is non-Hopewell in origin.
Everhart和Biehl的研究对我们关于一个据称来自Hopeton Earthworks的陶瓷雕像的结论提出了质疑。他们得出结论,这个小雕像在文化上是霍普韦尔的,它的产地是霍普韦尔土堆群。在这里,我们证明没有验证出处的小雕像,没有证据有效地推断霍普韦尔的隶属关系。相反,证据的优势与这个小雕像不是霍普韦尔起源的假设是一致的。
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引用次数: 1
Sources and Significance of Pipestone Artifacts from Fort Ancient Sites 炮台古遗址管道石文物的来源及意义
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/48629432
P. B. Drooker
Red-stone artifacts, primarily pipes, have come from at least 18 Fort Ancient sites, plus many less-well-provenienced locations within Fort Ancient territory. Most appear to have been made of easily carved “pipestones.” Thanks to portable infrared mineral analyzer (PIMA) analysis by Thomas Emerson and colleagues at the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS), we now know the material source areas for over 80 museum-curated red pipestone artifacts from 16 Fort Ancient sites and related localities, as well as for a selection of nonred pipestone artifacts from the region. Only two material sources were identified: catlinite from southwestern Minnesota and Feurt Hill kaolinite flint clay from southern Ohio. Forms and disposition of the relatively few catlinite artifacts indicate interaction was taking place between Fort Ancient and Oneota peoples from at least the fourteenth to mid-fifteenth centuries onward. Red and speckled nonred Feurt Hill pipestone artifacts provide evidence of intraregional interaction.
红石文物,主要是管道,至少来自18个古堡遗址,以及古堡领土内许多不太知名的地点。大多数似乎是由容易雕刻的“管石”制成的。多亏了伊利诺伊州考古调查局(ISAS)的托马斯·爱默生(Thomas Emerson)和他的同事们的便携式红外矿物分析仪(PIMA)分析,我们现在知道了来自16个古堡遗址和相关地点的80多件博物馆收藏的红色管道石文物的材料来源,以及来自该地区的非红色管道石文物的选择。只确定了两种材料来源:来自明尼苏达州西南部的菱铁矿和来自俄亥俄州南部的福尔特山高岭石燧石粘土。相对较少的卡特里石文物的形式和处置表明,至少从14世纪到15世纪中期,古堡和奥涅塔民族之间就发生了互动。红色和斑点状的非红色费尔特山管石文物提供了区域内相互作用的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Floodplain Dispersal of Domestic Cucurbit (C. pepo ssp. pepo) circa 1000 BP 国内葫芦(C. pepo ssp.)的漫滩扩散。大约在距今1000年前
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/48629431
W. Lovis, G. Monaghan, D. Hayes, Kathryn C. Egan-Bruhy
Dispersal of squash and gourds has been attributed to multiple natural and cultural processes. Among these is the downstream dispersal of seeds and intact fruits into slack-water wetland environments, where stands are likely to become established. While this explanation has fundamental merit given the established buoyancy of these fruits (Hart et al. 2003), there are few if any empirical examples of the process from the precontact period. Recent deep testing at a project locale on the Detroit River in southeastern Michigan produced an uncarbonized seed of Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo, a domesticated Mesoamerican variety of squash (aka pumpkin), although no evidence of in situ precontact occupation was identified. The specimen was recovered from a zone of saturated alluvium interbedded with wetland plant deposits. A direct AMS date on the seed produced an age of 974–1150 cal AD (p = 0.95). This age range coincides with the Medieval Climatic Optimum of 950–1250 AD and reduced elevations of Great Lakes water planes resulting in increased downcutting of rivers grading to lower elevations. Regardless of association with these macroscale events, this is the first evidence for cucurbit from southeastern Michigan and the first clear precontact evidence for floodplain dispersal and depositional processes of cucurbits. Additionally, it represents a relatively early occurrence of the Mesoamerican variety of squash, Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo, in the Midwest, yet it is consistent with the overall chronology of the taxon (Simon 2011; Smith 2006).
南瓜和葫芦的传播归因于多种自然和文化过程。其中包括种子和完整的果实向下游扩散到淡水湿地环境中,在那里很可能建立林分。考虑到这些水果的浮力,这种解释具有根本的优点(Hart et al. 2003),但接触前时期的这一过程的经验例子很少。最近在密歇根州东南部底特律河上的一个项目现场进行的深度测试生产了一种未碳化的南瓜种子。pepo,一种驯化的中美洲南瓜(又名南瓜)品种,尽管没有证据表明在接触前就有人在原地居住。该标本是在与湿地植物沉积物互层的饱和冲积带中发现的。直接AMS测定的种子年龄为974-1150 cal AD (p = 0.95)。这一年龄范围与公元950-1250年的中世纪气候最佳时期相吻合,五大湖水平面的高度降低导致河流流向低海拔地区。无论与这些宏观尺度事件的关联如何,这是来自密歇根州东南部的葫芦的第一个证据,也是第一个明确的接触前证据,证明了葫芦的洪泛平原扩散和沉积过程。此外,它代表了中美洲南瓜品种Cucurbita pepo ssp的相对较早的出现。但它与该分类群的总体年表一致(Simon 2011;史密斯2006年)。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology
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