Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5406/23274271.47.1.03
Domenique C. Sorresso, C. Duke, Charles R. Cobb, Brad R. Lieb, Edmond A. Boudreaux, Anthony M. Krus
Mississippian period ceramic assemblages in the Nashville Basin region of Tennessee are traditionally viewed as being overwhelmingly shell tempered. Our petrographic analyses of 30 ceramic sherds from three Middle Cumberland sites have revealed, however, the presence of grog, or crushed potsherds, in shell-tempered pastes in over 40% of our specimens. In our study, serving vessels are often tempered with both shell and grog, with one bowl rim containing solely grog. Cooking vessels tend to be tempered with coarse shell and contain only incidental grog. Grog tempering alongside shell has been only occasionally noted elsewhere in the regional literature, but the lack of its widespread recognition may be due to the difficulty of identification without the assistance of a petrographic microscope. It is not clear whether the addition of small grog particles to a shell-tempered paste offers any immediate functional advantages. Other studies suggest that grog temper could improve the workability of the clay, may reduce thermal shock, and may enhance a vessel's resistance to mechanical stress. The strong correlation of fine grog and shell temper with bowls, however, may constitute a low-visibility horizon marker for an extensive swath of the Late Mississippian culture area.
{"title":"Functional and Stylistic Considerations of Mixed Grog- and Shell-Tempered Late Mississippian Pottery from the Nashville Basin","authors":"Domenique C. Sorresso, C. Duke, Charles R. Cobb, Brad R. Lieb, Edmond A. Boudreaux, Anthony M. Krus","doi":"10.5406/23274271.47.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23274271.47.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mississippian period ceramic assemblages in the Nashville Basin region of Tennessee are traditionally viewed as being overwhelmingly shell tempered. Our petrographic analyses of 30 ceramic sherds from three Middle Cumberland sites have revealed, however, the presence of grog, or crushed potsherds, in shell-tempered pastes in over 40% of our specimens. In our study, serving vessels are often tempered with both shell and grog, with one bowl rim containing solely grog. Cooking vessels tend to be tempered with coarse shell and contain only incidental grog. Grog tempering alongside shell has been only occasionally noted elsewhere in the regional literature, but the lack of its widespread recognition may be due to the difficulty of identification without the assistance of a petrographic microscope. It is not clear whether the addition of small grog particles to a shell-tempered paste offers any immediate functional advantages. Other studies suggest that grog temper could improve the workability of the clay, may reduce thermal shock, and may enhance a vessel's resistance to mechanical stress. The strong correlation of fine grog and shell temper with bowls, however, may constitute a low-visibility horizon marker for an extensive swath of the Late Mississippian culture area.","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47076253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.3.02
A. Waterman, Bryan S. Kendall, Chérie E. Haury-Artz, Andrew D. Somerville, D. Peate
This study provides evidence of the value of using isotopic data from faunal remains to understand human diet and mobility patterns when human remains are not available for examination. In this research, bone apatite, bone collagen, and enamel apatite from fauna recovered from recent excavations of the Dixon site (13WD8), an Oneota complex site (AD 1300–1400) in western Iowa, were analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr values. The goals of this study were to gather information about human and animal diet and mobility and faunal procurement strategies of humans in the late prehistoric period of upper midwestern North America and to contribute to the growing literature using domesticated dogs as surrogates for humans in isotopic studies of dietary patterns. The results of this study find that the people occupying the Dixon site were subsisting on agricultural products, including maize, in conjunction with the gathered wild resources and hunted fauna, which included both large and small local game. While the Oneota complex is thought to be associated with some amount of seasonal migration, there is no evidence of these movements offered via this study's data nor is there strong evidence of long-distance hunting. Domesticated canids were an important part of the Dixon settlement and were fed human foodstuffs and scraps, including maize. At times, these canids were also a source of food. As a substitute for analyses of human remains, this study uses the canine surrogacy approach (CSA) and argues that the canid data would be similar to the human data from the Dixon settlement. A Bayesian stable-isotope mixing model (MixSiar) was used to quantitatively interpret the stable-isotope values of the Dixon canids, and it suggests that bison hunting was a specialization of the human population occupying the Dixon site.
{"title":"Stable and Radiogenic Isotope Analysis of Faunal Remains from a Western Iowa Oneota Complex Site: An Investigation of Diet and Mobility Variation in the Late Prehistoric Period of the Upper Midwest","authors":"A. Waterman, Bryan S. Kendall, Chérie E. Haury-Artz, Andrew D. Somerville, D. Peate","doi":"10.5406/23274271.46.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study provides evidence of the value of using isotopic data from faunal remains to understand human diet and mobility patterns when human remains are not available for examination. In this research, bone apatite, bone collagen, and enamel apatite from fauna recovered from recent excavations of the Dixon site (13WD8), an Oneota complex site (AD 1300–1400) in western Iowa, were analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr values. The goals of this study were to gather information about human and animal diet and mobility and faunal procurement strategies of humans in the late prehistoric period of upper midwestern North America and to contribute to the growing literature using domesticated dogs as surrogates for humans in isotopic studies of dietary patterns. The results of this study find that the people occupying the Dixon site were subsisting on agricultural products, including maize, in conjunction with the gathered wild resources and hunted fauna, which included both large and small local game. While the Oneota complex is thought to be associated with some amount of seasonal migration, there is no evidence of these movements offered via this study's data nor is there strong evidence of long-distance hunting. Domesticated canids were an important part of the Dixon settlement and were fed human foodstuffs and scraps, including maize. At times, these canids were also a source of food. As a substitute for analyses of human remains, this study uses the canine surrogacy approach (CSA) and argues that the canid data would be similar to the human data from the Dixon settlement. A Bayesian stable-isotope mixing model (MixSiar) was used to quantitatively interpret the stable-isotope values of the Dixon canids, and it suggests that bison hunting was a specialization of the human population occupying the Dixon site.","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49439379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.3.03
W. Billeck
An assemblage of 33 glass beads dates the protohistoric component at the New Lenox site in Illinois to within Glass Bead Period 2 (1600–1625/1630). All the white glass beads had been opacified with tin and lead, as determined by pXRF, resulting in a chemical composition indicative of a pre-1625 date. The New Lenox beads likely derived from indirect trade primarily with the French in northeast North America. Since it falls within a tightly dated time frame of circa 1609–1625, the New Lenox assemblage provides an important building block for a regional bead sequence for the Midwest.
{"title":"A Diagnostic Early Seventeenth-Century Glass-Bead Assemblage from New Lenox, Illinois: Building a Midwestern Glass-Bead Chronological Sequence","authors":"W. Billeck","doi":"10.5406/23274271.46.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An assemblage of 33 glass beads dates the protohistoric component at the New Lenox site in Illinois to within Glass Bead Period 2 (1600–1625/1630). All the white glass beads had been opacified with tin and lead, as determined by pXRF, resulting in a chemical composition indicative of a pre-1625 date. The New Lenox beads likely derived from indirect trade primarily with the French in northeast North America. Since it falls within a tightly dated time frame of circa 1609–1625, the New Lenox assemblage provides an important building block for a regional bead sequence for the Midwest.","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44141279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.3.01
W. Whittaker, J. Tiffany
A Mississippian hooded bottle from the Henry Aicher Mound Group in eastern Iowa is significant to the study of Mississippian interactions with non-Mississippian groups in the upper Mississippi Valley. The mound excavations by M. W. Davis in 1863–1864 were the first research-oriented archaeological projects in Iowa, and the mounds were among the first mapped in the state. The excavation methods, analysis, reporting, and outreach by Davis and later researchers were exemplary for their time. Although undated, comparison of the decorated hooded bottle recovered from the 1864 excavations with artifacts from other regional cultures with Mississippian Stirling phase contacts, notably the Mill Creek culture of northwest Iowa, supports a date of AD 1100–1200 for this vessel associated with a child burial.
{"title":"A Mississippian Hooded Bottle and the Genesis of Iowa Archaeology","authors":"W. Whittaker, J. Tiffany","doi":"10.5406/23274271.46.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A Mississippian hooded bottle from the Henry Aicher Mound Group in eastern Iowa is significant to the study of Mississippian interactions with non-Mississippian groups in the upper Mississippi Valley. The mound excavations by M. W. Davis in 1863–1864 were the first research-oriented archaeological projects in Iowa, and the mounds were among the first mapped in the state. The excavation methods, analysis, reporting, and outreach by Davis and later researchers were exemplary for their time. Although undated, comparison of the decorated hooded bottle recovered from the 1864 excavations with artifacts from other regional cultures with Mississippian Stirling phase contacts, notably the Mill Creek culture of northwest Iowa, supports a date of AD 1100–1200 for this vessel associated with a child burial.","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.2.02
D. LaDu
Archaeological investigations in the Lower Mississippi Valley continue to demonstrate a penchant for studying mound-and-plaza sites at the expense of the less conspicuous villages and hamlets where the majority of the populace is presumed to have resided. Acknowledging this bias, this article contributes a comparative study of 10 nonmound Terminal Woodland period Coles Creek sites. Following a site-by-site discussion, a preliminary characterization of the complete Late Woodland settlement system is presented, focusing on site size, site layout, and immediate environment. The results underscore the importance of determining whether Coles Creek communities were organized as part of a settlement hierarchy or heterarchy, which has far-ranging implications that affect how we interpret everything from subsistence economics and sociopolitical organization to meanings, beliefs, and worldview of the residents of this region during late prehistory.
{"title":"Reconstructing the Coles Creek Settlement System: The View from the Hinterlands","authors":"D. LaDu","doi":"10.5406/23274271.46.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Archaeological investigations in the Lower Mississippi Valley continue to demonstrate a penchant for studying mound-and-plaza sites at the expense of the less conspicuous villages and hamlets where the majority of the populace is presumed to have resided. Acknowledging this bias, this article contributes a comparative study of 10 nonmound Terminal Woodland period Coles Creek sites. Following a site-by-site discussion, a preliminary characterization of the complete Late Woodland settlement system is presented, focusing on site size, site layout, and immediate environment. The results underscore the importance of determining whether Coles Creek communities were organized as part of a settlement hierarchy or heterarchy, which has far-ranging implications that affect how we interpret everything from subsistence economics and sociopolitical organization to meanings, beliefs, and worldview of the residents of this region during late prehistory.","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45328148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.2.03
Christopher Ellis, J. Conolly, S. Monckton
A large series of 56 AMS dates are reported from the Davidson site, occupied during both the Broadpoint and Smallpoint Late Archaic. The focus is on documenting the occupation history of the site itself. The dates on various features often do not match superposition data or associations with diagnostics and provide a case study of the great potential for component mixing on such sites, which can go unrecognized without multiple dates from different materials. Despite that evidence, overall the kernel density function models show that the dates fall into two more-or-less distinctive groupings centered at circa 2250 cal BC and at circa 1150 cal BC, matching previous age estimates of the two main components and also suggesting an intriguing circa 300-year gap between those two intensive occupations. The analyses suggest charcoal dates overestimate age when compared to dates from nutshell by about 120 years and that the consistency of dates from particular feature clusters often indicates they represent an “integrated series of events.”
{"title":"Dating the Late Archaic at the Davidson Site (AhHk-54), Ontario","authors":"Christopher Ellis, J. Conolly, S. Monckton","doi":"10.5406/23274271.46.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A large series of 56 AMS dates are reported from the Davidson site, occupied during both the Broadpoint and Smallpoint Late Archaic. The focus is on documenting the occupation history of the site itself. The dates on various features often do not match superposition data or associations with diagnostics and provide a case study of the great potential for component mixing on such sites, which can go unrecognized without multiple dates from different materials. Despite that evidence, overall the kernel density function models show that the dates fall into two more-or-less distinctive groupings centered at circa 2250 cal BC and at circa 1150 cal BC, matching previous age estimates of the two main components and also suggesting an intriguing circa 300-year gap between those two intensive occupations. The analyses suggest charcoal dates overestimate age when compared to dates from nutshell by about 120 years and that the consistency of dates from particular feature clusters often indicates they represent an “integrated series of events.”","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46199963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.2.01
R. Hoard
A minimum of 14 drilled bear canine teeth associated with 5 human teeth and fragmented bone from a surface exposure in east-central Kansas indicate contact between groups participating in the Hopewell social network in the American Midwest. Drilled, polished, ground, and scored bear teeth, along with a range of exotic and symbolic artifacts, are characteristic of Hopewell burial sites. The Kansas site, 14LY405, where the bear teeth were found marks the southwestern extent of the known distribution of sites with a specific kind of drilled bear canines and helps define the boundary of the Hopewell social network in the Great Plains.
{"title":"Drilled Bear Canine Teeth from an Archaeological Site in East-Central Kansas","authors":"R. Hoard","doi":"10.5406/23274271.46.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A minimum of 14 drilled bear canine teeth associated with 5 human teeth and fragmented bone from a surface exposure in east-central Kansas indicate contact between groups participating in the Hopewell social network in the American Midwest. Drilled, polished, ground, and scored bear teeth, along with a range of exotic and symbolic artifacts, are characteristic of Hopewell burial sites. The Kansas site, 14LY405, where the bear teeth were found marks the southwestern extent of the known distribution of sites with a specific kind of drilled bear canines and helps define the boundary of the Hopewell social network in the Great Plains.","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46992030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.5406/23274271.46.2.04
Michelle R. Bebber, J. Williams, Maximilian R Barczok, M. Eren
Everhart and Biehl's research, discussed within, questions our conclusions regarding a ceramic figurine allegedly from Hopeton Earthworks. They conclude that the figurine is culturally Hopewell and that its provenience is the Hopewell Mound Group. Here, we demonstrate that there is no verified provenience for the figurine and no evidence for validly inferring a Hopewell affiliation. Instead, the preponderance of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the figurine is non-Hopewell in origin.
{"title":"Current Evidence Does Not Support a Hopewell Age, Provenience, or Affiliation for the Figurine Allegedly from Hopeton Earthworks or the Hopewell Mound Group","authors":"Michelle R. Bebber, J. Williams, Maximilian R Barczok, M. Eren","doi":"10.5406/23274271.46.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Everhart and Biehl's research, discussed within, questions our conclusions regarding a ceramic figurine allegedly from Hopeton Earthworks. They conclude that the figurine is culturally Hopewell and that its provenience is the Hopewell Mound Group. Here, we demonstrate that there is no verified provenience for the figurine and no evidence for validly inferring a Hopewell affiliation. Instead, the preponderance of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the figurine is non-Hopewell in origin.","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48846298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Red-stone artifacts, primarily pipes, have come from at least 18 Fort Ancient sites, plus many less-well-provenienced locations within Fort Ancient territory. Most appear to have been made of easily carved “pipestones.” Thanks to portable infrared mineral analyzer (PIMA) analysis by Thomas Emerson and colleagues at the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS), we now know the material source areas for over 80 museum-curated red pipestone artifacts from 16 Fort Ancient sites and related localities, as well as for a selection of nonred pipestone artifacts from the region. Only two material sources were identified: catlinite from southwestern Minnesota and Feurt Hill kaolinite flint clay from southern Ohio. Forms and disposition of the relatively few catlinite artifacts indicate interaction was taking place between Fort Ancient and Oneota peoples from at least the fourteenth to mid-fifteenth centuries onward. Red and speckled nonred Feurt Hill pipestone artifacts provide evidence of intraregional interaction.
{"title":"Sources and Significance of Pipestone Artifacts from Fort Ancient Sites","authors":"P. B. Drooker","doi":"10.2307/48629432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/48629432","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Red-stone artifacts, primarily pipes, have come from at least 18 Fort Ancient sites, plus many less-well-provenienced locations within Fort Ancient territory. Most appear to have been made of easily carved “pipestones.” Thanks to portable infrared mineral analyzer (PIMA) analysis by Thomas Emerson and colleagues at the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS), we now know the material source areas for over 80 museum-curated red pipestone artifacts from 16 Fort Ancient sites and related localities, as well as for a selection of nonred pipestone artifacts from the region. Only two material sources were identified: catlinite from southwestern Minnesota and Feurt Hill kaolinite flint clay from southern Ohio. Forms and disposition of the relatively few catlinite artifacts indicate interaction was taking place between Fort Ancient and Oneota peoples from at least the fourteenth to mid-fifteenth centuries onward. Red and speckled nonred Feurt Hill pipestone artifacts provide evidence of intraregional interaction.","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Lovis, G. Monaghan, D. Hayes, Kathryn C. Egan-Bruhy
Dispersal of squash and gourds has been attributed to multiple natural and cultural processes. Among these is the downstream dispersal of seeds and intact fruits into slack-water wetland environments, where stands are likely to become established. While this explanation has fundamental merit given the established buoyancy of these fruits (Hart et al. 2003), there are few if any empirical examples of the process from the precontact period. Recent deep testing at a project locale on the Detroit River in southeastern Michigan produced an uncarbonized seed of Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo, a domesticated Mesoamerican variety of squash (aka pumpkin), although no evidence of in situ precontact occupation was identified. The specimen was recovered from a zone of saturated alluvium interbedded with wetland plant deposits. A direct AMS date on the seed produced an age of 974–1150 cal AD (p = 0.95). This age range coincides with the Medieval Climatic Optimum of 950–1250 AD and reduced elevations of Great Lakes water planes resulting in increased downcutting of rivers grading to lower elevations. Regardless of association with these macroscale events, this is the first evidence for cucurbit from southeastern Michigan and the first clear precontact evidence for floodplain dispersal and depositional processes of cucurbits. Additionally, it represents a relatively early occurrence of the Mesoamerican variety of squash, Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo, in the Midwest, yet it is consistent with the overall chronology of the taxon (Simon 2011; Smith 2006).
南瓜和葫芦的传播归因于多种自然和文化过程。其中包括种子和完整的果实向下游扩散到淡水湿地环境中，在那里很可能建立林分。考虑到这些水果的浮力，这种解释具有根本的优点(Hart et al. 2003)，但接触前时期的这一过程的经验例子很少。最近在密歇根州东南部底特律河上的一个项目现场进行的深度测试生产了一种未碳化的南瓜种子。pepo，一种驯化的中美洲南瓜(又名南瓜)品种，尽管没有证据表明在接触前就有人在原地居住。该标本是在与湿地植物沉积物互层的饱和冲积带中发现的。直接AMS测定的种子年龄为974-1150 cal AD (p = 0.95)。这一年龄范围与公元950-1250年的中世纪气候最佳时期相吻合，五大湖水平面的高度降低导致河流流向低海拔地区。无论与这些宏观尺度事件的关联如何，这是来自密歇根州东南部的葫芦的第一个证据，也是第一个明确的接触前证据，证明了葫芦的洪泛平原扩散和沉积过程。此外，它代表了中美洲南瓜品种Cucurbita pepo ssp的相对较早的出现。但它与该分类群的总体年表一致(Simon 2011;史密斯2006年)。
{"title":"Floodplain Dispersal of Domestic Cucurbit (C. pepo ssp. pepo) circa 1000 BP","authors":"W. Lovis, G. Monaghan, D. Hayes, Kathryn C. Egan-Bruhy","doi":"10.2307/48629431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/48629431","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dispersal of squash and gourds has been attributed to multiple natural and cultural processes. Among these is the downstream dispersal of seeds and intact fruits into slack-water wetland environments, where stands are likely to become established. While this explanation has fundamental merit given the established buoyancy of these fruits (Hart et al. 2003), there are few if any empirical examples of the process from the precontact period. Recent deep testing at a project locale on the Detroit River in southeastern Michigan produced an uncarbonized seed of Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo, a domesticated Mesoamerican variety of squash (aka pumpkin), although no evidence of in situ precontact occupation was identified. The specimen was recovered from a zone of saturated alluvium interbedded with wetland plant deposits. A direct AMS date on the seed produced an age of 974–1150 cal AD (p = 0.95). This age range coincides with the Medieval Climatic Optimum of 950–1250 AD and reduced elevations of Great Lakes water planes resulting in increased downcutting of rivers grading to lower elevations. Regardless of association with these macroscale events, this is the first evidence for cucurbit from southeastern Michigan and the first clear precontact evidence for floodplain dispersal and depositional processes of cucurbits. Additionally, it represents a relatively early occurrence of the Mesoamerican variety of squash, Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo, in the Midwest, yet it is consistent with the overall chronology of the taxon (Simon 2011; Smith 2006).","PeriodicalId":43225,"journal":{"name":"Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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