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Interpreting the Sherds 解读碎片
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/48629434
S. Ellens, Susan Villerot, Don Adzigian
Following the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, Detroit became an emerging urban and industrial center. In the early through mid-nineteenth century, private homes, hotels, manufacturers, and retail stores densely populated the Detroit riverfront. Over 19,000 artifacts from this waterfront neighborhood were recovered in 1973–1974, during construction of the Renaissance Center, within a nine cityblock area. The ceramics from this collection tell a rich story of people from various social classes and ethnicities having lived in close proximity during Detroit’s transformation into a metropolis. This research presents a comparative analysis of ceramic assemblages from five features within a portion of this neighborhood. A minimum number of vessels (MNV) count aids our understanding of trends in ceramics use and provides a ready comparison with other consumption patterns and functions of place within the diverse neighborhood. The results allow for a broader discussion of the scope and significance of the ceramics market in early urban Detroit.
随着1825年伊利运河的开通,底特律成为一个新兴的城市和工业中心。在19世纪早期到中期,私人住宅、旅馆、制造商和零售商店密集地分布在底特律河畔。1973年至1974年,在九个街区内的文艺复兴中心建设期间,这个海滨社区的19,000多件文物被追回。这个系列的陶瓷讲述了一个丰富的故事,在底特律转变为大都市的过程中,来自不同社会阶层和种族的人们生活在一起。这项研究提出了一个比较分析陶瓷组合从五个特征在这个社区的一部分。最小容器数量(MNV)计数有助于我们了解陶瓷使用的趋势,并提供与不同社区中其他消费模式和场所功能的现成比较。结果允许对早期底特律城市陶瓷市场的范围和意义进行更广泛的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Contextualizing Mississippian Migration in Early Fort Ancient Villages 早期堡垒古村落中的密西西比移民
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/48629433
A. Comstock, R. Cook
The transition to sedentary village life and maize agriculture was an important turning point in the prehistory of the American midcontinent. This article presents the results of excavations at the Turpin site, one of the earliest agricultural villages in the Middle Ohio Valley, located just east of Cincinnati, Ohio. Although earlier researchers suggested that Turpin was occupied later during the Fort Ancient period, our work confidently anchors the site to the inception of the Fort Ancient archaeological culture. Excavations reported here produced evidence of two Mississippian-style walltrench structures, each of which dates between AD 1050 and AD 1275, demonstrating the early and nonlocal nature of occupation at the site. Material culture further supports the interpretation that the Turpin site reflects a community that included nonlocal peoples and traditions. Our findings provide archaeological support for recent biological studies suggesting that the inception of Fort Ancient culture along the Middle Ohio River was linked, at least in part, to an influx of people from neighboring Mississippian regions.
向定居的乡村生活和玉米农业的转变是美国中部大陆史前史上的一个重要转折点。本文介绍了特平遗址的发掘结果,特平遗址是俄亥俄州中部山谷最早的农业村庄之一,位于俄亥俄州辛辛那提东部。尽管早期的研究人员认为特平是在古堡时期后期被占领的,但我们的工作自信地将该遗址与古堡考古文化的起源联系在一起。据报道,这里的挖掘发现了两个密西西比风格的壁沟结构的证据,每一个都可以追溯到公元1050年至公元1275年,这表明了该遗址被占领的早期和非本地性质。物质文化进一步支持了这样一种解释,即特平遗址反映了一个包括非本地民族和传统的社区。我们的发现为最近的生物学研究提供了考古支持,这些研究表明,俄亥俄河中部古堡文化的形成至少在一定程度上与邻近密西西比地区的人口涌入有关。
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引用次数: 2
Bladelets and Middle Woodland Situations in Southern Ohio 俄亥俄州南部的叶片和中部林地情况
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2020.1826876
G. L. Miller
Chipped-stone bladelets are common at Middle Woodland sites throughout Ohio and many other areas of the midcontinent, reflecting both broad patterns and local diversity characteristic of situations as explored in this special issue. In previous studies, bladelets were often viewed through dichotomous categories such as sacred and secular. In this article, I attempt to break down these artificial oppositions imposed by archaeologists and refocus the interpretation of these artifacts using notions of situations and assemblages. I argue that doing so provides new insights into the use of bladelets at sites throughout southern Ohio and beyond. The related concepts of citations and capacities help illustrate the connections between bladelets and other material elements of Middle Woodland institutions. Examination of bladelet use illustrates how situations lead to shared conditions of action while individuals engage in multiple outcomes during manifestations of Middle Woodland ceremonies.
碎石膀胱在俄亥俄州中部林地和中部大陆的许多其他地区很常见,这反映了本期特刊所探讨的情况的广泛模式和当地多样性特征。在以前的研究中,膀胱经常被分为神圣和世俗两类。在这篇文章中,我试图打破考古学家强加的这些人为的对立,并利用情境和组合的概念重新聚焦于对这些文物的解释。我认为,这样做为俄亥俄州南部及其他地区的膀胱使用提供了新的见解。引文和能力的相关概念有助于说明布拉德莱特与中林地机构的其他物质元素之间的联系。对膀胱使用的研究表明,在中林地仪式的表现中,当个体参与多种结果时,情况如何导致共同的行动条件。
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引用次数: 1
Some Comments on Situations in the Midcontinental Middle Woodland 关于中大陆中部林地情况的几点看法
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2020.1826881
Sarah E. Baires
ABSTRACT This discussion provides commentary on the articles included in this guest-edited issue of the Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology on Middle Woodland ceremonial situations in the North American midcontinent. Articles in this issue discuss and navigate how situation theory may be applied to the complex interactions of Middle Woodland societies by examining how diverse historical and social factors influence broader social interactions. These articles move beyond concepts like the interaction sphere perspective first coined in the 1960s (by Joseph Caldwell) to examine the ways Middle Woodland communities—in all their diversity—created and shared similar conditions of being while also maintaining a diversity of materially evident ceremonial practices. Situation theory allows the authors of these articles to examine how such diverse (both geographically and socially) societies became part of, and contributed to, a dynamic and multiscalar Middle Woodland “situation.” By focusing on assemblages, materialities, and processes of becoming, these articles provide novel perspectives on how persons (both human and nonhuman) converge to create particular situations and conditions of diverse relationships that result in shared sociocultural experiences.
摘要本次讨论对本期《中大陆考古杂志》客座编辑的关于北美中大陆中部林地仪式情况的文章进行了评论。本期文章通过研究不同的历史和社会因素如何影响更广泛的社会互动,讨论并引导情境理论如何应用于中林地社会的复杂互动。这些文章超越了20世纪60年代首次提出的互动领域视角(Joseph Caldwell)等概念,研究了中部林地社区的多样性如何创造和共享相似的生存条件,同时也保持了物质上明显的仪式实践的多样性。情境理论使这些文章的作者能够研究这些多样化的(地理和社会)社会是如何成为动态和多尺度的中林地“情境”的一部分并对其做出贡献的,这些文章为人们(包括人类和非人类)如何聚集在一起,创造不同关系的特殊情况和条件,从而产生共同的社会文化体验提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 3
Documenting Ceremonial Situations and Institutional Change at Middle Woodland Geometric Enclosures in Central Kentucky 肯塔基中部林地几何圈地的仪式情境与制度变迁
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2020.1826879
E. Henry, A. Mickelson, M. Mickelson
ABSTRACT The construction of earthen enclosures changed how the Middle Woodland landscape was monumentalized in central Kentucky. Archaeologists have long associated these monuments with important social changes, leading to modern interpretations of these mounds as material evidence for cooperative labor, large kin-based coalitions, and pan-regional ritual practices and cosmological beliefs. We conducted research at nine enclosures in central Kentucky that allowed us to examine the evidence for their potential correlation with astronomical phenomena and identify variability in how enclosures were constructed. In this article we present archaeoastronomical and geoarchaeological data from these nine sites to explore how local groups built and used geometric enclosures. Our data led us to consider the diverse ceremonial situations under which these monuments were constructed. We suggest that the variability present in, and the spread of, small enclosures reflects both the simultaneous reinterpretation and adoption of pan-regional institutions during local manifestations of a Middle Woodland situation.
土围场的建造改变了肯塔基中部林地景观的纪念性。长期以来,考古学家一直将这些纪念碑与重要的社会变化联系在一起,导致现代对这些土丘的解释是合作劳动、大型亲属联盟、泛区域仪式实践和宇宙学信仰的物质证据。我们在肯塔基州中部的九个围场进行了研究,这使我们能够检查它们与天文现象之间潜在关联的证据,并确定围场建造方式的可变性。在这篇文章中,我们展示了来自这九个遗址的考古天文学和地质考古学数据,以探索当地群体如何建造和使用几何围墙。我们的数据使我们考虑到这些纪念碑是在不同的仪式情况下建造的。我们认为,小圈地的变化和扩展反映了在中部林地的局部表现中,对泛区域制度的重新解释和采用。
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引用次数: 6
Scioto Situations and the Steel Group Monument Assemblage 西奥托形势和钢铁集团纪念碑组合
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2020.1826880
T. Everhart
ABSTRACT Scholars have offered various approaches to create a synthetic view of the Middle Woodland period that integrates geographically expansive and heterogenous material remains. Situation theory offers a synthetic analytical approach to the multiplicity of Middle Woodland ceremonialisms, allowing us to conceive of how people and communities across the midcontinent got caught up in shared conditions. Scioto situations—the Middle Woodland situations occurring within the central Scioto River valley of southern Ohio—have long been famous for their earthen monuments and ornate material symbols. This article analyzes Scioto situations through an examination of the monument assemblage of the Steel Group—an earthwork site with at least 13 earthen enclosures. In doing so, it offers an approach to monumentality that grounds interpretations of the aesthetic and physical nature of monuments within the complicated historical entanglements from which they emerged.
学者们提出了各种方法来创建一个综合的中期林地时期的观点,该观点整合了地理上广阔和异质性的物质遗迹。情境理论为中部林地仪式的多样性提供了一种综合分析方法,使我们能够想象整个中部大陆的人们和社区是如何陷入共同的环境中的。西奥托情景——发生在俄亥俄州南部西奥托河谷中部的中部林地情景——长期以来以其土质纪念碑和华丽的物质象征而闻名。本文通过对钢铁集团纪念碑组合的考察,分析了西奥托的情况——一个至少有13个土方围场的土方场地。在这样做的过程中,它提供了一种纪念性的方法,在复杂的历史纠缠中对纪念碑的美学和物理性质进行解释。
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引用次数: 3
An Event-Centered Perspective on Mound 2 at the Hopewell Earthworks 霍普韦尔土方工程2号土墩的事件中心视角
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2020.1826877
Bretton T. Giles, Brian M. Rowe, Ryan M. Parish
ABSTRACT This article reports on our assessment of the events that resulted in Mound 2 at the Hopewell Earthworks, with a special focus on its two caches of blue-gray chert bifaces. Our analysis begins by examining the ritual practices associated with Mound 2, including the evidence for fire ceremonialism, extended burial regimes, and the ceremonial deposition of two biface caches. Initially, we focus on evidence of Scioto Hopewell fire ceremonialism on the lower floor under Mound 2, including the significance of the basin-shaped hearth found next to the lower cache of bifaces and several features that contained puddled-clay hearth fragments. We then examine the five burials found under Hopewell Mound 2, considering their grave goods and mortuary furniture. Next, we analyze the two biface caches and their resemblance to similar deposits. We also provide a preliminary assessment of the chert sources from which these bifaces were produced based on a reflectance spectroscopic analysis of 172 bifaces. Our subsequent discussion considers the historical intersection of these three aspects of Hopewell Mound 2 (i.e., fire ceremonialism, biface caches, and burials), including how Middle Woodland ceremonial situations gathered together and arranged increasingly complex assemblages in novel ways.
摘要本文报道了我们对Hopewell土方工程2号土丘事件的评估,特别关注其两个蓝灰色燧石双面。我们的分析首先考察了与Mound 2相关的仪式实践,包括火仪式、扩展埋葬制度的证据,以及两个双面藏匿处的仪式沉积。最初,我们关注的是2号丘下较低楼层的Scioto Hopewell火灾仪式的证据,包括在较低的双平面储藏室旁边发现的盆形壁炉的重要性,以及包含水坑粘土壁炉碎片的几个特征。然后,我们检查了在Hopewell Mound 2下发现的五个坟墓,考虑到它们的坟墓用品和太平间家具。接下来,我们分析这两个双面缓存及其与类似矿床的相似性。我们还根据172个双平面的反射光谱分析,对产生这些双平面的燧石源进行了初步评估。我们随后的讨论考虑了Hopewell Mound 2这三个方面(即火仪式、双面藏匿处和埋葬)的历史交叉点,包括Middle Woodland仪式场景如何聚集在一起,并以新颖的方式安排越来越复杂的组合。
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引用次数: 1
Toward a Situational Approach to Understanding Middle Woodland Societies in the North American Midcontinent 从情境的角度理解北美中部大陆的中部林地社会
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2020.1826878
E. Henry, G. Logan Miller
ABSTRACT Elaborate Middle Woodland (ca. cal 200 BC–cal AD 500) mounds and exotic artifacts traded over long distances provide evidence for institutions that helped coordinate the gathering of large communal groups on the ancient midcontinent. However, the material heterogeneity archaeologists have documented for these societies suggests diverse material, historical, and social forces motivated communal gatherings. In this article, we introduce Middle Woodland Ceremonial Situations in the North American Midcontinent, our guest-edited issue of the Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology. Contributions to this issue wrestle with the notion of “situations,” as developed by sociocultural anthropologists, to better understand the archaeological record of the Middle Woodland midcontinent. In doing so, the contributors propose new ways to frame the scalar and temporal diversity of Middle Woodland ceremonialism by focusing on the material evidence for situations where people, earth, and things converged in different ways and times to shape the ceremonial landscape of the midcontinent.
摘要精心设计的中部林地(约公元前200年-公元500年),长距离交易的土堆和奇异的文物为帮助协调古代中部大陆大型社区群体聚集的机构提供了证据。然而,考古学家为这些社会记录的物质异质性表明,不同的物质、历史和社会力量推动了社区聚会。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了《中大陆考古杂志》的客座编辑《北美中大陆的中林地仪式情况》。对这一问题的贡献与社会文化人类学家提出的“情境”概念进行了斗争,以更好地理解中林地中部大陆的考古记录。在这样做的过程中,贡献者提出了新的方法来构建中部林地仪式主义的标量和时间多样性,方法是关注人、地球和事物以不同方式和时间聚集的情况的物证,以塑造中部大陆的仪式景观。
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引用次数: 10
A Partial Charred Wooden Bowl From Aztalan (47JE1), Wisconsin 威斯康星州阿兹塔兰(47JE1)的一个部分烧焦的木碗
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2020.1787122
Marlin F. Hawley, Sissel Schroeder, C. Widga
ABSTRACT Fragments of a charred wooden bowl were recovered from Aztalan during excavations by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin (SHSW) in 1964. Recent advances in analytical methods facilitated a multidimensional study of these fragments. Radiocarbon-dated to cal AD 994–1154 and found in association with Late Woodland, Mississippian, and hybrid forms of ceramics, the bowl augments our understanding of perishable technologies in these cultural contexts. 3-D models of the fragments allow for a virtual reconstruction of a portion of the bowl, which was carved from a solid piece of ash. Strontium isotope analysis of the wood indicates that the bowl was manufactured from wood locally available to the people at Aztalan.
摘要1964年,威斯康辛州历史学会(SHSW)在阿兹塔兰的发掘中发现了一个烧焦的木碗碎片。分析方法的最新进展促进了对这些片段的多层面研究。放射性碳可以追溯到公元994-1154年,与晚伍德兰、密西西比和陶瓷的混合形式有关,碗增强了我们对这些文化背景下易腐技术的理解。碎片的三维模型允许对碗的一部分进行虚拟重建,该部分是由一块实心灰烬雕刻而成的。对木材的锶同位素分析表明,碗是用阿兹塔兰当地人可以买到的木材制造的。
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引用次数: 2
The Janulis Burial Janulis葬礼
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.2307/26989074
Michael W. Spencea, James R. Keronb
An amateur 1969 excavation at the Middle Archaic period Janulis site in Ontario unearthed the skeletal remains of three individuals and a dog. One of these, an adult female with an extensive offering, displayed several changes in the bones of her right arm and shoulder caused by the repetitive and intensive practice of an overhand throwing motion. The association of eight projectile points with her skeleton indicates that the activity was projectile throwing, suggesting a strong emphasis on hunting, normally a masculine role. She also had a turtle-shell rattle, an instrument usually associated with men in that time period. In contrast, the presence of two deer styliform bones in the burial point to a feminine role. These anomalies raise the possibility that this individual had adopted a nonbinary gender status, but the paucity of reliable comparative data makes it difficult to precisely define that status.
1969年,安大略省中古时期Janulis遗址的一次业余挖掘发现了三个人和一只狗的骨骼遗骸。其中一位是一位提供大量食物的成年女性,由于重复和密集的上手投掷动作,她的右臂和肩膀的骨骼出现了一些变化。八个射弹点与她的骨骼的关联表明,这项活动是投掷射弹,这表明强烈强调狩猎,通常是一种男性角色。她还有一个龟壳拨浪鼓,这是一种在那个时期通常与男性联系在一起的乐器。相比之下,埋葬中的两块鹿柄状骨头表明了女性的角色。这些异常现象增加了这个人采用非二元性别身份的可能性,但由于缺乏可靠的比较数据,很难准确定义这种身份。
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引用次数: 0
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Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology
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