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Mortuary Practices, Cultural Context, Bayesian Chronology, and Maize Consumption among Terminal Late Woodland Societies in Northeastern Illinois 伊利诺斯东北部晚期林地社会的丧葬习俗、文化背景、贝叶斯年代学和玉米消费
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-01-25 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2019.1565359
T. Emerson, Kjersti E. Emerson, Kristin M. Hedman, Matthew A. Fort
ABSTRACT In 1940, Gretchen Cutter and a WPA crew conducted excavations in the Mound Wio5 at the Fisher site in Will County, Illinois. We examined those materials as part of our reanalysis of the Fisher site excavations by George Langford and the University of Chicago. The mound’s material culture correlates with the Des Plaines phase but contains strong connections to the east, especially with Albee phase mortuary practices. Calibrated 14C dates and Bayesian modeling place the Des Plaines phase as contemporary with the Mound Wio5 mortuary’s primary use during the ninth to eleventh centuries. There is isotopic evidence of a mixed C3/C4 diet with some maize consumption. Mound Wio5 represents the only Terminal Late Woodland collective mortuary facility currently known in northeastern Illinois. The identification of such multigenerational communal Terminal Late Woodland mortuary practices lends support to the contention that they provided the cultural base for the emergence of the distinctive Langford Tradition accretional mortuary mounds.
摘要1940年,格雷琴·卡特(Gretchen Cutter)和WPA的一名工作人员在伊利诺伊州威尔县费舍尔遗址的Wio5丘进行了挖掘。作为乔治·朗福德和芝加哥大学对费舍尔遗址发掘的重新分析的一部分,我们检查了这些材料。土堆的物质文化与Des Plaines时期相关,但与东部有着密切的联系,尤其是与Albee时期的太平间实践。校准的14C日期和贝叶斯建模将Des Plaines阶段与Mound Wio5太平间在9至11世纪的主要用途放在同一时代。有同位素证据表明C3/C4混合饮食与一些玉米消费。Mound Wio5是伊利诺伊州东北部目前已知的唯一一个Terminal Late Woodland集体太平间设施。这种多代同堂的Terminal Late Woodland太平间做法的发现支持了这样一种论点,即它们为独特的Langford Tradition增生式太平间土堆的出现提供了文化基础。
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引用次数: 2
Unified Theory of Cosmogram Decorations on Potteries of the Upper Midwest: Part I. Early Woodland Period 上中西部陶器宇宙图装饰统一理论:第一部分:早期林地时期
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-11-30 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2018.1550137
D. Benn
ABSTRACT Early Woodland Liverpool (Black Sand variant) pottery decorations consist of belts, rectilinear panels, and/or punctates encircling the vessel. Vertically arranged thematic motifs reflect the structure of the cosmos in its simplest form: Below realm, Earth’s disk, Above realm. This article postulates that the Early Woodland decorative tradition was an enduring symbolic system shared by women making pottery in the upper Midwest. Cosmograms in pottery motifs trace three universal metaphors of the Woodland era belief system: (1) Cooking vessels were feminine spirit-beings; (2) the Woodland culinary vessel shaped like the female form represented her biological destiny as the reproductive vessel for humankind and cooking was a ritual action (“prayer”), a metaphor for the creation of new members of society; (3) the cooking pot was a mandala of cosmograms expressing daily life, ritual practice, and cosmology. These themes carry through subsequent studies on Middle Woodland Havanoid and Late Woodland corded or trailed pottery in an upcoming book.
利物浦早期林地(黑砂变体)陶器装饰由环绕器皿的带、直线板和/或点状物组成。垂直排列的主题图案以最简单的形式反映了宇宙的结构:低于领域,地球的圆盘,高于领域。这篇文章假设早期林地的装饰传统是一个持久的象征系统,由中西部上游的妇女共同制作陶器。陶器图案中的宇宙图追溯了伍德兰时代信仰体系的三个普遍隐喻:(1)炊具是女性的精神存在;(2) 形状像女性的伍德兰烹饪器皿代表了她作为人类生殖器皿的生物命运,烹饪是一种仪式行为(“祈祷”),隐喻着社会新成员的创造;(3) 锅是一个曼陀罗的宇宙图表达日常生活,仪式实践和宇宙观。在即将出版的一本书中,这些主题贯穿了对中伍德兰哈瓦那陶器和晚伍德兰绳纹或拖尾陶器的后续研究。
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引用次数: 0
Reinterpreting Springwells Ceramics in the Great Lakes Region of North America 重新解读北美五大湖地区的斯普林韦尔陶瓷
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2018.1543106
J. Carroll
ABSTRACT The original ceramics typology developed for Younge/Western Basin Tradition Springwells phase (ca. AD 1160–1420) assemblages included three variants known as Macomb Linear, Macomb Interrupted Linear, and Springwells Net Impressed ceramics. This discussion considers how subregional variation in Springwells decorative styles reflects participation in a larger regional social network.
摘要为Younge/西部盆地传统Springwells阶段(约公元1160–1420年)开发的原始陶瓷类型包括三种变体,即Macomb Linear、Macomb Interrupted Linear和Springwells Net Impressed陶瓷。本次讨论考虑了斯普林韦尔装饰风格的分区域差异如何反映对更大的区域社会网络的参与。
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引用次数: 2
The Myrick Park Mounds (47Lc10), an Effigy Mound Site in Western Wisconsin Myrick公园丘(47Lc10),威斯康辛州西部的一处雕像丘遗址
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2018.1539292
W. Green, Meghan Campbell Caves, L. Williams
ABSTRACT The earliest documented excavation of an effigy mound group by a professional archaeologist occurred in 1883 when Frederic Ward Putnam and local acquaintances excavated portions of four mounds at the Myrick Park site (47Lc10) in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Putnam worked on one effigy (similar to the short-tailed turtle form) and three conical mounds. Theodore H. Lewis visited the site in 1885 and mapped one additional conical mound. We examined documentation and collections housed at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University. Artifacts include a portion of a Madison Cord Impressed jar (a common Effigy Mound offering) and a trailed rim sherd similar to terminal Late Woodland types. Human remains represent a minimum of 23 individuals: 18 adults and 5 subadults. Dental and skeletal evidence indicates a relatively healthy population with low levels of nutritional deficiency, early life stress, and trauma, similar to other regional Late Woodland populations.
摘要1883年,弗雷德里克·沃德·普特南(Frederic Ward Putnam)和当地熟人在威斯康星州拉克罗斯的梅里克公园(47Lc10)遗址发掘了四座土墩的一部分。Putnam制作了一个肖像(类似于短尾龟的形状)和三个圆锥形土堆。西奥多·H·刘易斯于1885年参观了该遗址,并绘制了一个额外的圆锥形土堆。我们检查了哈佛大学皮博迪考古和民族学博物馆的文献和藏品。文物包括一部分Madison Cord Impressed罐子(一种常见的雕像丘)和一块类似于晚期林地类型的拖尾边缘碎片。人类遗骸至少代表了23个人:18名成年人和5名亚成年人。牙齿和骨骼的证据表明,与其他地区的晚林地人口相似,相对健康的人群营养缺乏、早期生活压力和创伤程度较低。
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引用次数: 0
A Note from the Editor: Scholarly Debates in MCJA 编辑注:MCJA的学术辩论
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2019.1539152
T. Emerson
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引用次数: 0
Cohabitants, Captives, or Trade 同居者、俘虏或贸易
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/26599981
Richard L. Fishel
The Marseton #2 site is a Weaver ring midden in the Mississippi Valley of Mercer County, Illinois, that was buried by a catastrophic flood event a few centuries after the site had been abandoned. Analysis of the more than 740,000 ceramic items from the village provides insights as to Weaver interactions with other non-Weaver early Late Woodland groups of the region. While the presence of non-Weaver ceramics at the village might represent trade items, or vessels manufactured by potters peacefully or forcibly brought to the site, it is suggested that a non-Weaver household producing Levsen-like ceramics was coexisting at Marseton #2 alongside multiple Weaver households.
马斯顿2号遗址是伊利诺伊州默瑟县密西西比河谷的一个韦弗环形中点,在该遗址被废弃几个世纪后,被一场灾难性的洪水事件掩埋。对该村74万多件陶瓷制品的分析,为韦弗与该地区其他非韦弗早期-晚期林地群体的互动提供了见解。虽然村里出现的非韦弗陶瓷可能代表贸易物品,或陶工和平或强行带到现场制造的器皿,但有人认为,一个生产类似莱维森陶瓷的非韦弗家与多个韦弗家共存于马斯顿#2。
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引用次数: 0
Return to Sangamo Town 返回Sangamo镇
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/26599979
Robert Mazrim
This article discusses the results of research-based excavations at the Charles Broadwell site, located in the extinct town of Sangamo Town in central Illinois. A large cellar feature produced a robust sample of consumer goods dating to circa 1825–1845. Of interest is the archaeological signature of a well-appointed home in this frontier community; the character of mass-produced goods and the visibility of consumer patterning; the visibility of folk goods and their affiliated practices; and the view of abandonment and reclamation processes visible in the fill of the cellar feature.
本文讨论了Charles Broadwell遗址的研究发掘结果,该遗址位于伊利诺伊州中部已灭绝的Sangamo镇。一个大地窖的特征产生了大约1825-1845年的大量消费品样本。令人感兴趣的是这个边疆社区一个设备齐全的住宅的考古标志;大规模生产商品的特性和消费者模式的可见性;民间商品及其附属实践的可见性;以及在地窖特征的填充中可见的废弃和回收过程的视图。
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引用次数: 0
Serpent Mound: Still Built by the Adena, and Still Rebuilt During the Fort Ancient Period 蛇丘:仍由阿黛娜建造,并在古堡时期重建
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2018.1511156
G. Monaghan, E. Herrmann
ABSTRACT Radiocarbon dates from the base of Serpent Mound in Ohio demonstrate that it was built 2,100–2,300 years ago during the Adena period but was subsequently rebuilt or repaired about 900 years ago during the Fort Ancient period. We describe the basis for supporting the chronology of this building sequence, why it is the best and most complete explanation from the data at hand, and discuss the errors and misconceptions that critics of it have put forth. Our interest is in establishing a chronology of mound construction in order to address questions about cultural continuity/discontinuity, appropriation, and reuse of cultural monuments and religious/political symbols. We also plead that researchers jointly collect new data from Serpent Mound to end the back-and-forth questioning of chronological context and research competence.
摘要俄亥俄州蛇丘基地的放射性碳年代表明,它建于2100年至2300年前的阿德纳时期,但随后在约900年前的古堡时期重建或修复。我们描述了支持这一建筑序列年表的基础,为什么它是手头数据中最好、最完整的解释,并讨论了批评者提出的错误和误解。我们的兴趣是建立土堆建造的年表,以解决文化纪念碑和宗教/政治象征的文化连续性/不连续性、挪用和再利用问题。我们还恳请研究人员共同从蛇丘收集新数据,以结束对时间背景和研究能力的反复质疑。
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引用次数: 5
Serpent Mound in its Woodland Period Context: Second Rejoinder to Lepper 林地时期的蛇丘:对麻风病人的第二次复辩
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-08-28 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2018.1511155
William F. Romain
ABSTRACT The Serpent Mound in Adams County, Ohio, is probably the most widely recognized effigy mound in the world. Opinions differ, however, as to who built the effigy and when. Currently there are two conflicting positions. According to Lepper and colleagues (this volume and elsewhere) the effigy was built by people of the Fort Ancient culture circa AD 1070. According to the present author and colleagues, recently obtained radiocarbon dates and other data indicate that Serpent Mound was built much earlier, by people of the Adena culture, circa 320 BC. In this article, evidence is presented that corroborates the earlier published radiocarbon dates suggestive of an Adena-era construction. This evidence includes a review of findings that real serpents were sometimes buried with Adena and Hopewell people and consideration of a relational complex reaching back to the Early Woodland—wherein the Great Serpent of Native American legend is associated with the journey of the deceased person’s soul, the star constellation Scorpius, and the Lowerworld. Together, these data provide an Early Woodland cultural and interpretive context for Serpent Mound and further corroborate the Adena-era radiocarbon dates for its construction.
摘要俄亥俄州亚当斯县的蛇丘可能是世界上公认最为广泛的雕像丘。然而,对于谁和何时建造了这尊肖像,众说纷纭。目前存在两种相互冲突的立场。根据Lepper和他的同事(本卷和其他地方)的说法,这尊肖像是由古堡文化的人在公元1070年左右建造的。根据本作者及其同事的说法,最近获得的放射性碳年代和其他数据表明,蛇丘由阿德纳文化的人建造得更早,大约在公元前320年。在这篇文章中,提供的证据证实了早期公布的放射性碳年代,暗示了阿德纳时代的构造。这些证据包括对真实的蛇有时与阿德纳人和霍普维尔人一起埋葬的发现的回顾,以及对可以追溯到早期林地的关系复合体的考虑——在那里,美洲原住民传说中的大蛇与死者的灵魂之旅、天蝎座和下层世界有关。总之,这些数据为蛇丘提供了早期林地文化和解释背景,并进一步证实了其建造的阿德纳时代放射性碳年代。
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引用次数: 6
Paouté and Aiaouez: A New Perspective on Late Seventeenth-Century Chiwere-Siouan Identity paout<s:1>和Aiaouez:对17世纪晚期的华裔身份认同的新视角
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-08-15 DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2018.1509177
C. Betts
ABSTRACT A fine-grained spatial and temporal analysis of relevant seventeenth-century French documents reveals that from circa 1650 to 1685 the two terms principally associated with the Ioway, Aiaouez and Paouté, were consistently applied to geographically distinct branches of that tribe. The conflation of these two terms after circa 1700 is the product of both changes in the contact-period cultural landscape and the manner in which it was defined. This conclusion has importance for the use of these accounts as analogues for reconstructing Oneota tradition social organization and highlights the value in applying contemporary theoretical perspectives and analytical techniques to ethnohistoric data.
摘要对17世纪法国相关文献的精细时空分析表明,从大约1650年到1685年,主要与伊奥韦人有关的两个术语Aiaouez和Paouté一直适用于该部落地理上不同的分支。大约1700年后,这两个术语的合并是接触时期文化景观及其定义方式变化的产物。这一结论对于将这些描述用作重建奥涅奥塔传统社会组织的类似物具有重要意义,并突出了将当代理论视角和分析技术应用于民族历史数据的价值。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology
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