H. Ali, A. Rahman, S. Islam, A. Mamun, Shaheda Zannah, A. Alam, A. Rahman, M. Rashid
Present research was designated to investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of the combination of pioglitazone and atorvastatin on long-term alloxan-induced diabetes rats (AIDRs). The experiments were carried out to determine blood glucose level, lipid profile, free radial scavenging activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in liver tissue. In addition, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte size were also determined by histological analysis. It was found that in short-term induction, pioglitazone significantly reduced the blood glucose level without having any considerable effect on lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) in rats. On the other hand, atorvastatin significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with marked increase in the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and improved activity of SOD and catalase enzymes. However, pathological changes of heart and pancreas were not observed after short-term exposure to alloxan in rats. Long-term diabetes induction resulted in LV hypertrophy and prominent shrinkage of islets of Langerhans cells. Treatment with atorvastatin in combination with pioglitazone significantly reduced the LV hypertrophy, TC, TG and LDL level whereas they noticeably increased HDL level, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, SOD and catalase activity with satisfactory recovery of Langerhans cells. The result demonstrated that combination therapy was more effective than that of mono-therapy for preventing diabetes with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in rats.
{"title":"Combined Therapy of Pioglitazone and Atorvastatin Alleviate Diabetes in Rats More Effectively than That of Mono Therapy","authors":"H. Ali, A. Rahman, S. Islam, A. Mamun, Shaheda Zannah, A. Alam, A. Rahman, M. Rashid","doi":"10.4236/PP.2014.55060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/PP.2014.55060","url":null,"abstract":"Present research \u0000was designated to investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant \u0000activity of the combination of pioglitazone and atorvastatin on long-term \u0000alloxan-induced diabetes rats (AIDRs). The experiments were carried out to \u0000determine blood glucose level, lipid profile, free radial scavenging \u0000activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in liver tissue. In \u0000addition, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte size were also \u0000determined by histological analysis. It was found that in short-term induction, \u0000pioglitazone significantly reduced the blood glucose level without having any \u0000considerable effect on lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) \u0000in rats. On the other hand, atorvastatin significantly reduced total \u0000cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol \u0000(LDL-C) with marked increase in the level of high density lipoprotein \u0000cholesterol (HDL-C) and improved activity of SOD and catalase enzymes. However, \u0000pathological changes of heart and pancreas were not observed after short-term \u0000exposure to alloxan in rats. Long-term diabetes induction resulted in LV \u0000hypertrophy and prominent shrinkage of islets of Langerhans cells. Treatment \u0000with atorvastatin in combination with pioglitazone significantly reduced the LV \u0000hypertrophy, TC, TG and LDL level whereas they noticeably increased HDL \u0000level, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, \u0000SOD and catalase activity with satisfactory recovery of Langerhans cells. The \u0000result demonstrated that combination therapy was more effective than that of \u0000mono-therapy for preventing diabetes with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in \u0000rats.","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127256322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mello, Marceonia Costa dos Santos, Ana Gabriela Lisboa Santos, D. T. V. Alves, D. Grisólia, A. Grisólia, Mariceli Baia Leão Barros, Fabrícia de Jesus Paiva da Fonseca, Manoel Samuel da Cruz Neto
{"title":"Quality of Drugs Based on Ferrous Sulfate Dispensed in a Basic Health and Commercial Pharmacy in a City in the Amazon Region","authors":"A. Mello, Marceonia Costa dos Santos, Ana Gabriela Lisboa Santos, D. T. V. Alves, D. Grisólia, A. Grisólia, Mariceli Baia Leão Barros, Fabrícia de Jesus Paiva da Fonseca, Manoel Samuel da Cruz Neto","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.139025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.139025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belem-Kabré Esther, Nitiéma Mathieu, Odjo Blondine Saïdath, M. Oumarou, Y. Boubacar, Kaboré Boukaré, Somda Gaëtan Donzéo, Traoré Tata Kadiatou, K. Moumouni, I. Sylvain, Ouédraogo Moussa, Kabré Elie, Ouédraogo Noufou
Background: Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) has been claimed to treat various conditions, including complicated childbirth. The principal ob-jective
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Contractile Effects of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of <i>Anastatica hierochuntica</i> L. (Brassicaceae) on the Isolated Uterus of Mice","authors":"Belem-Kabré Esther, Nitiéma Mathieu, Odjo Blondine Saïdath, M. Oumarou, Y. Boubacar, Kaboré Boukaré, Somda Gaëtan Donzéo, Traoré Tata Kadiatou, K. Moumouni, I. Sylvain, Ouédraogo Moussa, Kabré Elie, Ouédraogo Noufou","doi":"10.4236/pp.2023.148019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2023.148019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) has been claimed to treat various conditions, including complicated childbirth. The principal ob-jective","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122056053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shammi Binte Bashar, Zannat Akhter, B. C. Saha, Md. Mushfiqul Islam Himaloy, U. Kulsum, Md. Rashedur Rahman
{"title":"CAR T Cell Immunotherapy That Revolutionary Breakthrough in Human Oncology Treatment: A Review","authors":"Shammi Binte Bashar, Zannat Akhter, B. C. Saha, Md. Mushfiqul Islam Himaloy, U. Kulsum, Md. Rashedur Rahman","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.1311036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.1311036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akiko Odanaga, Honami Kojima, Azumi Kabeya, Rio Uno, Miyako Yoshida, M. Habara, H. Ikezaki, T. Uchida
Purpose: The present research was performed to evaluate the effect of food thickeners on the bitterness and dissolution of bitter drugs when co-adminis-tered to patients with dysphagia. Methods: Amlodipine besilate (AMPB) powder was used as a model drug. Starch- and xanthan gum-based food thickeners were examined, with swallowing-aid jelly as a reference. The line-spread test (LST), texture prolife analysis (TPA) were done firstly. In related to AMPB powder mixed with food thickeners solution, a conventional dissolution test simulating the oral cavity was performed, the amlodipine (AMP) concentration and taste sensor output for dissolved medium versus time profiles were developed. The dissolution test at pH 1.2 and 4.5, representing typical gastric conditions for younger or elderly people, was performed in two kinds of thickener solution and swallowing-aid jelly those were mixed with AMPB powder. Results: LST demonstrated that xanthan gum-based food thickeners fulfilled the requirements for patients with dysphagia but that starch-based food thickeners did not. In TPA, hardness and adhesiveness decreased pro-portionally as the concentration increased for both kinds of food thickener. bioavailability in humans. The 7.1 and 4.7 (w/v) % starch-based thickener show bitterness inhibition under simulated oral cavity conditions and complete dissolution of AMP under simulated gastric conditions.
{"title":"The Effect of Food Thickeners on the Bitterness and Dissolution of Amlodipine Besilate Powder When Co-Administered with Thickeners to Patients with Dysphagia","authors":"Akiko Odanaga, Honami Kojima, Azumi Kabeya, Rio Uno, Miyako Yoshida, M. Habara, H. Ikezaki, T. Uchida","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.1311034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.1311034","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present research was performed to evaluate the effect of food thickeners on the bitterness and dissolution of bitter drugs when co-adminis-tered to patients with dysphagia. Methods: Amlodipine besilate (AMPB) powder was used as a model drug. Starch- and xanthan gum-based food thickeners were examined, with swallowing-aid jelly as a reference. The line-spread test (LST), texture prolife analysis (TPA) were done firstly. In related to AMPB powder mixed with food thickeners solution, a conventional dissolution test simulating the oral cavity was performed, the amlodipine (AMP) concentration and taste sensor output for dissolved medium versus time profiles were developed. The dissolution test at pH 1.2 and 4.5, representing typical gastric conditions for younger or elderly people, was performed in two kinds of thickener solution and swallowing-aid jelly those were mixed with AMPB powder. Results: LST demonstrated that xanthan gum-based food thickeners fulfilled the requirements for patients with dysphagia but that starch-based food thickeners did not. In TPA, hardness and adhesiveness decreased pro-portionally as the concentration increased for both kinds of food thickener. bioavailability in humans. The 7.1 and 4.7 (w/v) % starch-based thickener show bitterness inhibition under simulated oral cavity conditions and complete dissolution of AMP under simulated gastric conditions.","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131868781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kasanga, M. Chileshe, S. Mudenda, Raphael Mukosha, Maika Kasanga, V. Daka, Tobela Mudenda, M. Chisembele, J. Musuku, B. Solochi, Jian Wu
{"title":"Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Prevalence of Surgical Site Infections in Caesarean Section Deliveries at Two Tertiary Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"M. Kasanga, M. Chileshe, S. Mudenda, Raphael Mukosha, Maika Kasanga, V. Daka, Tobela Mudenda, M. Chisembele, J. Musuku, B. Solochi, Jian Wu","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.138024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.138024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130637315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Koukoui, S. Seton, M. Betira, J. Amagbegnon, F. Sonounameto, E. Assou, A. Sezan
{"title":"Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Extracts from the Leaves of Five Plants Used for the Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Benin","authors":"O. Koukoui, S. Seton, M. Betira, J. Amagbegnon, F. Sonounameto, E. Assou, A. Sezan","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.1310027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.1310027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122276680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abid, Hira Muzammel, H. Shafi, M. Nisa, Hassani Ali, Muhammad Afzal, N. Khan, Fahad Muzammil
{"title":"Antidiabetic Potential of <i>Carthamus oxycantha</i> M.Bieb. Seeds in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"A. Abid, Hira Muzammel, H. Shafi, M. Nisa, Hassani Ali, Muhammad Afzal, N. Khan, Fahad Muzammil","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.136015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.136015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122493898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Ibarra-Velarde, Y. Vera‐Montenegro, Ignacio Olave-Leiva, Antonio Figueroa-Castillo, Irene Cruz Mendoza, JoaquÍn Ambía-Medina
The aim of the present study was to assess the fasciolicidal and nematicidal efficacy of a new combination of clorsulon/levamisole, which was formulated for intramuscular administration, in dairy cattle. For the study, sixteen Hols-tein-Freisian dairy cows were selected for inclusion in the trial based on finding Fasciola hepatica eggs or gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in the feces. Ten of these cows were naturally infected with F. hepatica, and 6 were naturally infected with GIN. On Day 0 (zero), all animals were treated with a combination of clorsulon (2.5 mg/kg/IM and levamisole (2.5 mg/kg/IM) administered at the dose recommended by the manufacturer (1 ml/20kg/bw). Subsequently, their feces were analyzed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 post treat-ments by the Flukefinder sedimentation method and McMaster technique to determine the percentages of egg reduction in the animals, with reference to the egg load count on day 0. The results obtained in the current work indicated an efficacy of 100% that was determined by the percentage reduction of eggs of F. hepatica and/or GIN. This new fasciolicide/nematicide formulation exerted a remarkable effect and can be considered a new alternative to control F. hepatica and gastrointestinal worms in dairy cattle.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Fasciolicidal/Nematicidal Efficacy of an Intramuscular Combination of Clorsulon/Levamisole in Naturally Infected Dairy Cattle","authors":"F. Ibarra-Velarde, Y. Vera‐Montenegro, Ignacio Olave-Leiva, Antonio Figueroa-Castillo, Irene Cruz Mendoza, JoaquÍn Ambía-Medina","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.1311033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.1311033","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to assess the fasciolicidal and nematicidal efficacy of a new combination of clorsulon/levamisole, which was formulated for intramuscular administration, in dairy cattle. For the study, sixteen Hols-tein-Freisian dairy cows were selected for inclusion in the trial based on finding Fasciola hepatica eggs or gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in the feces. Ten of these cows were naturally infected with F. hepatica, and 6 were naturally infected with GIN. On Day 0 (zero), all animals were treated with a combination of clorsulon (2.5 mg/kg/IM and levamisole (2.5 mg/kg/IM) administered at the dose recommended by the manufacturer (1 ml/20kg/bw). Subsequently, their feces were analyzed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 post treat-ments by the Flukefinder sedimentation method and McMaster technique to determine the percentages of egg reduction in the animals, with reference to the egg load count on day 0. The results obtained in the current work indicated an efficacy of 100% that was determined by the percentage reduction of eggs of F. hepatica and/or GIN. This new fasciolicide/nematicide formulation exerted a remarkable effect and can be considered a new alternative to control F. hepatica and gastrointestinal worms in dairy cattle.","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133637982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the perspective of professional knowledge and professional technology, this paper focuses on the path to improve the technological innovation ability on the technical level, and provides advice and reference for promoting the pharmaceutical industry to achieve the improvement of technological innovation ability and the structural upgrading of the entire industry. It is found that in the project approval process of innovation subject, the key is to realize the guiding role of market demand on the project approval process of scientific research. In the research and development of innovative drugs, it is necessary to focus on the adaptation and transformation of laboratory technology in scale-up production. In the process of innovation achievement delivery and transformation, the focus is to truly complete the extension from the patent application stage to the product launch stage.
{"title":"Research on the Path of Improving the Technological Innovation Ability of Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry Based on Technology","authors":"Xinyun Gao, Yongfa Chen","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.138022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.138022","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the perspective of professional knowledge and professional technology, this paper focuses on the path to improve the technological innovation ability on the technical level, and provides advice and reference for promoting the pharmaceutical industry to achieve the improvement of technological innovation ability and the structural upgrading of the entire industry. It is found that in the project approval process of innovation subject, the key is to realize the guiding role of market demand on the project approval process of scientific research. In the research and development of innovative drugs, it is necessary to focus on the adaptation and transformation of laboratory technology in scale-up production. In the process of innovation achievement delivery and transformation, the focus is to truly complete the extension from the patent application stage to the product launch stage.","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114755248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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