Jongbum Kim, N. Kinsey, A. Dutta, M. Ferrera, C. DeVault, A. Kildishev, V. Shalaev, A. Boltasseva
The development of new plasmonic materials enables novel optical devices, and they in turn assist in the progress of optical communications. As a result of the significant attention in searching for alternative materials, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been proposed as promising plasmonic compounds at telecommunication wavelengths [1]. They are eminently practical materials because they are CMOS-compatible, can be grown on many different types of substrates, patterned by standard fabrication procedures, and integrated with many other standard technologies. Due to the ability of TCO nanostructures to support strong plasmonic resonance in the NIR, metasurface devices, such as a quarter wave plate, have been demonstrated whose properties can be easily adjustable with post processing such as thermal annealing [2,3]. Additionally, TCOs can be used as epsilon near zero (ENZ) materials in the NIR. From our recent study of the behavior of nanoantennae sitting upon a TCO substrate, we found that TCOs serve as an optical insulating media due to the high impedance of TCOs at the ENZ frequency, enabling emission shaping. Finally, the optical properties of TCOs can be varied by optical or electrical means. Current research is focused on studying the ultrafast carrier dynamics in doped zinc oxide films using pump-probe spectroscopy. We have shown that aluminum doped zinc oxide films can achieve a 40% change in reflection with ultrafast dynamics (<1ps) under a small fluence of 3mJ/cm2. Consequently, TCOs are shown to be extremely flexible materials, enabling fascinating physics and unique devices for applications in the NIR regime. References [1] A. Boltasseva and H. Atwater, Science 331(6015), 290-291, 2011. [2] J. Kim et al, Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of, 19, 4601907-4601907, 2013. [3] J. Kim et al, CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Optical Society of America, 2014. This work was supported by ONR MURI N00014-10-1-0942
{"title":"Transparent conducting oxides as plasmonic component in near infrared (Presentation Recording)","authors":"Jongbum Kim, N. Kinsey, A. Dutta, M. Ferrera, C. DeVault, A. Kildishev, V. Shalaev, A. Boltasseva","doi":"10.1117/12.2189922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2189922","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new plasmonic materials enables novel optical devices, and they in turn assist in the progress of optical communications. As a result of the significant attention in searching for alternative materials, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been proposed as promising plasmonic compounds at telecommunication wavelengths [1]. They are eminently practical materials because they are CMOS-compatible, can be grown on many different types of substrates, patterned by standard fabrication procedures, and integrated with many other standard technologies. Due to the ability of TCO nanostructures to support strong plasmonic resonance in the NIR, metasurface devices, such as a quarter wave plate, have been demonstrated whose properties can be easily adjustable with post processing such as thermal annealing [2,3]. Additionally, TCOs can be used as epsilon near zero (ENZ) materials in the NIR. From our recent study of the behavior of nanoantennae sitting upon a TCO substrate, we found that TCOs serve as an optical insulating media due to the high impedance of TCOs at the ENZ frequency, enabling emission shaping. Finally, the optical properties of TCOs can be varied by optical or electrical means. Current research is focused on studying the ultrafast carrier dynamics in doped zinc oxide films using pump-probe spectroscopy. We have shown that aluminum doped zinc oxide films can achieve a 40% change in reflection with ultrafast dynamics (<1ps) under a small fluence of 3mJ/cm2. Consequently, TCOs are shown to be extremely flexible materials, enabling fascinating physics and unique devices for applications in the NIR regime. References [1] A. Boltasseva and H. Atwater, Science 331(6015), 290-291, 2011. [2] J. Kim et al, Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of, 19, 4601907-4601907, 2013. [3] J. Kim et al, CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Optical Society of America, 2014. This work was supported by ONR MURI N00014-10-1-0942","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127508696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A metamaterial hyperlens offers a unique solution to overcome the diffraction limit by transforming evanescent waves responsible for imaging subwavelength features of an object into propagating waves. However, the first realizations of optical hyperlenses were limited by a narrow working bandwidth and significant resonance-induced loss. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of a non-resonant waveguide-coupled hyperlens operating in the visible wavelength range that was fabricated using a combination of top-down and bottom-up fabrication approaches. A detailed investigation of various materials systems proves that a radial fan-shaped configuration is superior to the concentric layer-based configuration in that it relies on non-resonant negative dielectric response, and, as a result, enables broadband and low-loss performance in the visible range. While the majority of applications of a hyperlens is expected to be in optical frequency range, the challenge of fabricating non-resonant radial structures at optical frequencies has not been overcome until now.
{"title":"Non-resonant hyperlens in the visible range (Presentation Recording)","authors":"N. Litchinitser, Jingbo Sun, M. Shalaev","doi":"10.1117/12.2190274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2190274","url":null,"abstract":"A metamaterial hyperlens offers a unique solution to overcome the diffraction limit by transforming evanescent waves responsible for imaging subwavelength features of an object into propagating waves. However, the first realizations of optical hyperlenses were limited by a narrow working bandwidth and significant resonance-induced loss. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of a non-resonant waveguide-coupled hyperlens operating in the visible wavelength range that was fabricated using a combination of top-down and bottom-up fabrication approaches. A detailed investigation of various materials systems proves that a radial fan-shaped configuration is superior to the concentric layer-based configuration in that it relies on non-resonant negative dielectric response, and, as a result, enables broadband and low-loss performance in the visible range. While the majority of applications of a hyperlens is expected to be in optical frequency range, the challenge of fabricating non-resonant radial structures at optical frequencies has not been overcome until now.","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116941331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Caldwell, A. Kretinin, Yiguo Chen, V. Giannini, M. Fogler, Y. Francescato, C. T. Ellis, J. Tischler, C. Woods, A. Giles, Kenji Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. Maier, K. Novoselov
Strongly anisotropic media where principal components of the dielectric tensor have opposite signs are called hyperbolic. These materials permit highly directional, volume-confined propagation of slow-light modes at deeply sub-diffractional size scales, leading to unique nanophotonic phenomena. The realization of hyperbolic materials within the optical spectral range has been achieved primarily through the use of artificial structures typically composed of plasmonic metals and dielectric constituents. However, while proof-of-principle experiments have been performed, the high plasmonic losses and inhomogeneity of the structures limit most advances to the laboratory. Recently, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was identified as a natural hyperbolic material (NHM), offering a low-loss, homogeneous medium that can operate in the mid-infrared. We have exploited the NHM response of hBN within periodic arrays of conical nanoresonators to demonstrate ‘hyperbolic polaritons,’ deeply sub-diffractional guided waves that propagate through the volume rather than on the surface of a hyperbolic material. We have identified that the polaritons are manifested as a four series of resonances in two distinct spectral bands that have mutually exclusive dependencies upon incident light polarization, modal order, and aspect ratio. These observations represent the first foray into creating NHM building blocks for mid-infrared to terahertz nanophotonic and metamaterial devices. This talk will also discuss potential near-term applications stemming from these developments.
{"title":"Sub-diffractional, volume-confined polaritons in a natural hyperbolic material: hexagonal boron nitride (Presentation Recording)","authors":"J. Caldwell, A. Kretinin, Yiguo Chen, V. Giannini, M. Fogler, Y. Francescato, C. T. Ellis, J. Tischler, C. Woods, A. Giles, Kenji Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. Maier, K. Novoselov","doi":"10.1117/12.2187028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187028","url":null,"abstract":"Strongly anisotropic media where principal components of the dielectric tensor have opposite signs are called hyperbolic. These materials permit highly directional, volume-confined propagation of slow-light modes at deeply sub-diffractional size scales, leading to unique nanophotonic phenomena. The realization of hyperbolic materials within the optical spectral range has been achieved primarily through the use of artificial structures typically composed of plasmonic metals and dielectric constituents. However, while proof-of-principle experiments have been performed, the high plasmonic losses and inhomogeneity of the structures limit most advances to the laboratory. Recently, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was identified as a natural hyperbolic material (NHM), offering a low-loss, homogeneous medium that can operate in the mid-infrared. We have exploited the NHM response of hBN within periodic arrays of conical nanoresonators to demonstrate ‘hyperbolic polaritons,’ deeply sub-diffractional guided waves that propagate through the volume rather than on the surface of a hyperbolic material. We have identified that the polaritons are manifested as a four series of resonances in two distinct spectral bands that have mutually exclusive dependencies upon incident light polarization, modal order, and aspect ratio. These observations represent the first foray into creating NHM building blocks for mid-infrared to terahertz nanophotonic and metamaterial devices. This talk will also discuss potential near-term applications stemming from these developments.","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114190979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two-dimensional systems offer a rich array of physical phenomena that include the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, both of which have been observed in multiple materials systems to date. The mitigation and control of coherence in quantum states in 2D systems is an area of great current interest that is critical for the development of the next generation of solid state electronics based on quantum phenomena. In the first experiments that I will discuss, we investigate the terahertz frequency properties of a high mobility (μ ≥ 106 cm2 V-1 s-1) gallium arsenide two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at cyclotron resonance in a perpendicular magnetic field, which results in the formation of a spectrum of Landau levels. Our experiments reveal a strong increase in the decoherence at low temperatures and a power law dependence to the decoherence time from T = 0.4 - 100 K. In the second part of the talk, I will discuss our high fluence, nondegenerate pump-probe spectroscopic experiments of GaAs in the Florida Split Helix magnet at 15 K and 25 T. We model the electronic component of our data with an approximate four level system, from which we have extracted scattering and recombination rates in high magnetic field. We also observe coherent phonons, which were isolated and fitted to a sinusoid with an oscillation frequency of 43.5 GHz at 25 T, which is 3.0% larger than the previously measured zero field frequency.
{"title":"Ultrafast spectroscopy in high magnetic fields (Presentation Recording)","authors":"D. Hilton","doi":"10.1117/12.2188939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2188939","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional systems offer a rich array of physical phenomena that include the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, both of which have been observed in multiple materials systems to date. The mitigation and control of coherence in quantum states in 2D systems is an area of great current interest that is critical for the development of the next generation of solid state electronics based on quantum phenomena. In the first experiments that I will discuss, we investigate the terahertz frequency properties of a high mobility (μ ≥ 106 cm2 V-1 s-1) gallium arsenide two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at cyclotron resonance in a perpendicular magnetic field, which results in the formation of a spectrum of Landau levels. Our experiments reveal a strong increase in the decoherence at low temperatures and a power law dependence to the decoherence time from T = 0.4 - 100 K. In the second part of the talk, I will discuss our high fluence, nondegenerate pump-probe spectroscopic experiments of GaAs in the Florida Split Helix magnet at 15 K and 25 T. We model the electronic component of our data with an approximate four level system, from which we have extracted scattering and recombination rates in high magnetic field. We also observe coherent phonons, which were isolated and fitted to a sinusoid with an oscillation frequency of 43.5 GHz at 25 T, which is 3.0% larger than the previously measured zero field frequency.","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130900070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Lafone, Ngoc B. Nguyen, E. Clarke, P. Fry, R. Oulton
Plasmonics is a potential route to new and improved optical devices. Many predict that sub wavelength optical systems will be essential in the development of future integrated circuits, offering the only viable way of simultaneously increasing speed and reducing power consumption. Realising this potential will be contingent on the ability to exploit plasmonic effects within the framework of the established semiconductor industry and to this end we present III-V (GaAs) based surface plasmon laser platform capable of effective laser light generation in highly focussed regions of space. Our design utilises a suspended slab of GaAs with a metallic slot printed on top. Here, hybridisation between the plasmonic mode of the slot and the photonic mode of the slab leads to the formation of a mode with confinement and loss that can be adjusted through variation of the slot width alone. As in previous designs the use of a hybrid mode provides strong confinement with relatively low losses, however the ability to print the metal slot removes the randomness associated with device fabrication and the requirement for etching that can deteriorate the semiconductor’s properties. The deterministic fabrication process and the use of bulk GaAs for gain make the device prime for practical implementation.
{"title":"III-V GaAs based plasmonic lasers (Presentation Recording)","authors":"L. Lafone, Ngoc B. Nguyen, E. Clarke, P. Fry, R. Oulton","doi":"10.1117/12.2189999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2189999","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonics is a potential route to new and improved optical devices. Many predict that sub wavelength optical systems will be essential in the development of future integrated circuits, offering the only viable way of simultaneously increasing speed and reducing power consumption. Realising this potential will be contingent on the ability to exploit plasmonic effects within the framework of the established semiconductor industry and to this end we present III-V (GaAs) based surface plasmon laser platform capable of effective laser light generation in highly focussed regions of space. Our design utilises a suspended slab of GaAs with a metallic slot printed on top. Here, hybridisation between the plasmonic mode of the slot and the photonic mode of the slab leads to the formation of a mode with confinement and loss that can be adjusted through variation of the slot width alone. As in previous designs the use of a hybrid mode provides strong confinement with relatively low losses, however the ability to print the metal slot removes the randomness associated with device fabrication and the requirement for etching that can deteriorate the semiconductor’s properties. The deterministic fabrication process and the use of bulk GaAs for gain make the device prime for practical implementation.","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133635308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We demonstrate a method to hide a Gaussian-shaped bump on a ground plane from an incoming plane wave. In essence, we use a graded metasurface to shape the wavefronts like those of a flat ground plane[1,2].The metasurface provides additional phase to the electromagnetic field to control the reflection angle. To mimic a flat ground plane, the reflection angle is chosen to be equal to the incident angle. The desired phase distribution is calculated based on generalized Snell’s laws[3]. We design our metasurface in the microwave range using sub-wavelength dielectric resonators. We verify the design by full-wave time-domain simulations and show that the result matches our theory well. This approach can be applied to hide any object on a ground plane not only at microwave frequencies but also at higher frequencies up to the infrared. 1. Jensen Li and J. B. Pendry, Hiding under the Carpet: A New Strategy for Cloaking. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 203901 (2008) 2. Andrea Alu, Mantle cloak: Invisibility induced by a surface. Phys. Rev. B 80, 245115 (2009) 3. Yu N, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: Generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science 334(6054):333–337 (2011)
{"title":"Carpet cloak with graded dielectric metasurface (Presentation Recording)","authors":"L. Hsu, T. Lepetit, B. Kanté","doi":"10.1117/12.2188613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2188613","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a method to hide a Gaussian-shaped bump on a ground plane from an incoming plane wave. In essence, we use a graded metasurface to shape the wavefronts like those of a flat ground plane[1,2].The metasurface provides additional phase to the electromagnetic field to control the reflection angle. To mimic a flat ground plane, the reflection angle is chosen to be equal to the incident angle. The desired phase distribution is calculated based on generalized Snell’s laws[3]. We design our metasurface in the microwave range using sub-wavelength dielectric resonators. We verify the design by full-wave time-domain simulations and show that the result matches our theory well. This approach can be applied to hide any object on a ground plane not only at microwave frequencies but also at higher frequencies up to the infrared. 1. Jensen Li and J. B. Pendry, Hiding under the Carpet: A New Strategy for Cloaking. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 203901 (2008) 2. Andrea Alu, Mantle cloak: Invisibility induced by a surface. Phys. Rev. B 80, 245115 (2009) 3. Yu N, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: Generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science 334(6054):333–337 (2011)","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134314560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Aad, K. Nomenyo, B. Bercu, C. Couteau, V. Sallet, D. Rogers, M. Molinari, G. Lerondel
Luminescent nanoscale materials (LNMs) have received widespread interest in sensing and lighting applications due to their enhanced emissive properties. For sensing applications, LNMs offer improved sensitivity and fast response time which allow for lower limits of detection. Meanwhile, for lighting applications, LNMs, such as quantum dots, offer an improved internal quantum efficiency and controlled color rendering which allow for better lighting performances. Nevertheless, due to their nanometric dimensions, nanoscale materials suffer from extremely weak luminescence excitation (i.e. optical absorption) limiting their luminescence intensity, which in turn results in a downgrade in the limits of detection and external quantum efficiencies. Therefore, enhancing the luminescence excitation is a major issue for sensing and lighting applications. In this work, we report on a novel photonic approach to increase the luminescence excitation of nanoscale materials. Efficient luminescence excitation increase is achieved via a gain-assisted waveguided energy transfer (G-WET). The G-WET concept consists on placing nanoscale materials atop of a waveguiding active (i.e. luminescent) layer with optical gain. Efficient energy transfer is thus achieved by exciting the nanoscale material via the tail of the waveguided mode of the active layer emission. The G-WET concept is demonstrated on both a nanothin layer of fluorescent sensitive polymer and on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots coated on ZnO thin film, experimentally proving up to an 8-fold increase in the fluorescence of the polymer and a 3-fold increase in the luminescence of the CdSe/ZnS depending of the active layer emission regime (stimulated vs spontaneous emission). Furthermore, we will discuss on the extended G-WET concept which consists on coating nanoscale materials on a nanostructured active layer. The nanostructured active layer offers the necessary photonic modulation and a high specific surface which can presumably lead to a more efficient G-WET concept. Finally, the efficiency as well as the observation conditions of the GWET will be discussed and compared with more conventional charge transfer or dipole-dipole energy transfer.
{"title":"Enhanced luminescence excitation via efficient optical energy transfer (Presentation Recording)","authors":"R. Aad, K. Nomenyo, B. Bercu, C. Couteau, V. Sallet, D. Rogers, M. Molinari, G. Lerondel","doi":"10.1117/12.2190818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2190818","url":null,"abstract":"Luminescent nanoscale materials (LNMs) have received widespread interest in sensing and lighting applications due to their enhanced emissive properties. For sensing applications, LNMs offer improved sensitivity and fast response time which allow for lower limits of detection. Meanwhile, for lighting applications, LNMs, such as quantum dots, offer an improved internal quantum efficiency and controlled color rendering which allow for better lighting performances. Nevertheless, due to their nanometric dimensions, nanoscale materials suffer from extremely weak luminescence excitation (i.e. optical absorption) limiting their luminescence intensity, which in turn results in a downgrade in the limits of detection and external quantum efficiencies. Therefore, enhancing the luminescence excitation is a major issue for sensing and lighting applications. In this work, we report on a novel photonic approach to increase the luminescence excitation of nanoscale materials. Efficient luminescence excitation increase is achieved via a gain-assisted waveguided energy transfer (G-WET). The G-WET concept consists on placing nanoscale materials atop of a waveguiding active (i.e. luminescent) layer with optical gain. Efficient energy transfer is thus achieved by exciting the nanoscale material via the tail of the waveguided mode of the active layer emission. The G-WET concept is demonstrated on both a nanothin layer of fluorescent sensitive polymer and on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots coated on ZnO thin film, experimentally proving up to an 8-fold increase in the fluorescence of the polymer and a 3-fold increase in the luminescence of the CdSe/ZnS depending of the active layer emission regime (stimulated vs spontaneous emission). Furthermore, we will discuss on the extended G-WET concept which consists on coating nanoscale materials on a nanostructured active layer. The nanostructured active layer offers the necessary photonic modulation and a high specific surface which can presumably lead to a more efficient G-WET concept. Finally, the efficiency as well as the observation conditions of the GWET will be discussed and compared with more conventional charge transfer or dipole-dipole energy transfer.","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132612969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Aad, A. Gokarna, K. Nomenyo, P. Miska, W. Geng, C. Couteau, G. Lerondel
Due to its wide direct band gap and large exciton binding energy allowing for efficient excitonic emission at room temperature, ZnO has attracted attention as a luminescent material in various applications such as UV-light emitting diodes, chemical sensors and solar cells. While low-cost growth techniques, such as chemical bath deposition (CBD), of ZnO thin films and nanostructures have been already reported; nevertheless, ZnO thin films and nanostructures grown by costly techniques, such as metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, still present the most interesting properties in terms of crystallinity and internal quantum efficiency. In this work, we report on highly efficient and highly crystalline ZnO micropods grown by CBD at a low temperature (< 90°C). XRD and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) investigations on as-grown ZnO micropods revealed a highly crystalline ZnO structure and a strong UV excitonic emission with internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 10% at room temperature. Thermal annealing at 900°C of the as-grown ZnO micropods leads to further enhancement in their structural and optical properties. Low-temperature PL measurements on annealed ZnO micropods showed the presence of phonon replicas, which was not the case for as-grown samples. The appearance of phonon replicas provides a strong proof of the improved crystal quality of annealed ZnO micropods. Most importantly, low-temperature PL reveals an improved IQE of 15% in the excitonic emission of ZnO micropods. The ZnO micropods IQE reported here are comparable to IQEs reported on ZnO structures obtained by costly and more complex growth techniques. These results are of great interest demonstrating that high quality ZnO microstructures can be obtained at low temperatures using a low-cost CBD growth technique.
{"title":"Highly efficient excitonic emission of CBD grown ZnO micropods (Presentation Recording)","authors":"R. Aad, A. Gokarna, K. Nomenyo, P. Miska, W. Geng, C. Couteau, G. Lerondel","doi":"10.1117/12.2190414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2190414","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its wide direct band gap and large exciton binding energy allowing for efficient excitonic emission at room temperature, ZnO has attracted attention as a luminescent material in various applications such as UV-light emitting diodes, chemical sensors and solar cells. While low-cost growth techniques, such as chemical bath deposition (CBD), of ZnO thin films and nanostructures have been already reported; nevertheless, ZnO thin films and nanostructures grown by costly techniques, such as metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, still present the most interesting properties in terms of crystallinity and internal quantum efficiency. In this work, we report on highly efficient and highly crystalline ZnO micropods grown by CBD at a low temperature (< 90°C). XRD and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) investigations on as-grown ZnO micropods revealed a highly crystalline ZnO structure and a strong UV excitonic emission with internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 10% at room temperature. Thermal annealing at 900°C of the as-grown ZnO micropods leads to further enhancement in their structural and optical properties. Low-temperature PL measurements on annealed ZnO micropods showed the presence of phonon replicas, which was not the case for as-grown samples. The appearance of phonon replicas provides a strong proof of the improved crystal quality of annealed ZnO micropods. Most importantly, low-temperature PL reveals an improved IQE of 15% in the excitonic emission of ZnO micropods. The ZnO micropods IQE reported here are comparable to IQEs reported on ZnO structures obtained by costly and more complex growth techniques. These results are of great interest demonstrating that high quality ZnO microstructures can be obtained at low temperatures using a low-cost CBD growth technique.","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117165315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanostructured thin film absorbers embedded with phase-change material (PCM) can provide large level of absorption intensity tunability in the near-infrared region. Germanium Antimonide Tellurite (Ge2Sb1Te4-GST) was employed as the phase-change material in the designed structures. The structure is composed of a periodic grating-type array of 200 nm thick Au buried with 100 nm-thick GST layer from the top of the Au layer. The period of the gratings is 2 μm and in each period, GST width is 0.5 μm. GST was selected as the active PCM because its optical properties undergo a substantial change during a structural transition from the amorphous to the crystalline phase. The optical absorption properties of the designed structures with respect to the geometric and material parameters were systematically investigated using finite-difference time-domain computations. It was shown that absorption intensity in the near-infrared region was tuned from the near-perfect to the near-zero level by switching the PCM from its amorphous to crystalline states. The distributions of the electric field and absorbed power at the resonant wavelengths with respect to different phases of the GST were investigated to further explain the physical origin of the absorption tuning. This study provides a path toward the realization of tunable infrared absorbers for the applications, such as selective infrared emitters, infrared camouflage, sensors, and photovoltaic devices.
{"title":"Absorption intensity tunability in the near infrared region using phase-change nanostructure (Presentation Recording)","authors":"A. Ozdemir, Safak Saraydemir, B. Barut, H. Kocer","doi":"10.1117/12.2187356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187356","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured thin film absorbers embedded with phase-change material (PCM) can provide large level of absorption intensity tunability in the near-infrared region. Germanium Antimonide Tellurite (Ge2Sb1Te4-GST) was employed as the phase-change material in the designed structures. The structure is composed of a periodic grating-type array of 200 nm thick Au buried with 100 nm-thick GST layer from the top of the Au layer. The period of the gratings is 2 μm and in each period, GST width is 0.5 μm. GST was selected as the active PCM because its optical properties undergo a substantial change during a structural transition from the amorphous to the crystalline phase. The optical absorption properties of the designed structures with respect to the geometric and material parameters were systematically investigated using finite-difference time-domain computations. It was shown that absorption intensity in the near-infrared region was tuned from the near-perfect to the near-zero level by switching the PCM from its amorphous to crystalline states. The distributions of the electric field and absorbed power at the resonant wavelengths with respect to different phases of the GST were investigated to further explain the physical origin of the absorption tuning. This study provides a path toward the realization of tunable infrared absorbers for the applications, such as selective infrared emitters, infrared camouflage, sensors, and photovoltaic devices.","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125211883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce a new family of spectral singularities with highly directional response in parity-time (PT) symmetric cavities. These spectral singularities support modes with infinite reflection from one side and zero reflection from the other side of the cavity, results in simultaneous unidirectional laser and unidirectional reflectionless parity-time symmetric cavity. Such unidirectional spectral singularities emerge from resonance trapping induced by the interplay between parity-time symmetry and Fano resonances.
{"title":"Simultaneous unidirectional lasing and reflectionless modes in PT-symmetric cavities (Presentation Recording)","authors":"H. Ramézani, Hao-kun Li, Yuan Wang, Xiang Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2186260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186260","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a new family of spectral singularities with highly directional response in parity-time (PT) symmetric cavities. These spectral singularities support modes with infinite reflection from one side and zero reflection from the other side of the cavity, results in simultaneous unidirectional laser and unidirectional reflectionless parity-time symmetric cavity. Such unidirectional spectral singularities emerge from resonance trapping induced by the interplay between parity-time symmetry and Fano resonances.","PeriodicalId":432358,"journal":{"name":"SPIE NanoScience + Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122305418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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