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Optimum network selection in heterogeneous wireless environment using gravitational search algorithm 基于引力搜索算法的异构无线环境下最优网络选择
P. Kumari, I. S. Prabha
In recent years, the growth in user demand and diversity of real time services has lead to the integration of different wireless technologies. Cellular technologies can provide data services over a wide area, but with lower data rates. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies offer higher data rates, but over smaller hotspots. The demand for ubiquitous data service can be fulfilled, if it is possible for the end-user to seamlessly roam between these heterogeneous technologies. In an environment of wireless networks with different standards, choosing an optimum network to handoff the ongoing service plays a crucial role. An efficient network selection algorithm using different network metrics is developed in this paper for performing vertical handoff decision function. Dynamic weights assigned to these metrics are optimized using Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The network with highest handoff decision value is qualified as the optimum network for handoff execution resulting in better Quality of Service (QOS).
近年来,用户需求的增长和实时业务的多样化导致了不同无线技术的融合。蜂窝技术可以在大范围内提供数据服务,但数据速率较低。无线局域网(WLAN)技术提供更高的数据速率,但在较小的热点上。如果最终用户能够在这些异构技术之间无缝地漫游,则可以满足对无处不在的数据服务的需求。在不同标准的无线网络环境下,选择一个最优的网络进行业务的切换是至关重要的。本文提出了一种利用不同网络度量来执行垂直切换决策函数的高效网络选择算法。分配给这些指标的动态权重使用引力搜索算法(GSA)进行优化。切换决策值最高的网络被认为是切换执行的最佳网络,从而获得更好的服务质量(QOS)。
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引用次数: 5
Performance analysis of enhanced noisy compressed speech signal corrupted by Gaussian and real world noise using recursive filter 用递归滤波器对高斯噪声和真实噪声干扰下增强噪声压缩语音信号的性能分析
M. Suman, H. Khan, M. Latha, D. Kumari
Speech Enhancement refers to the improvement in the intelligibility and or the quality of the degraded speech signal using signal processing techniques. Till recent days speech enhancement is a very difficult problem because the noise content in the speech signals varies its nature and characteristics with time and application to application. Using speech enhancement techniques the quality and intelligibility of a speech signal can't be preserved simultaneously. So generally a trade off is maintained between these two. In speech communication there are number of applications where speech enhancement is required for Example: VoIP, hands free communication, hearing aids, answering machines, speech recognition, teleconferencing systems, car and mobile phones. In this work the main focus is on the development of speech enhancement algorithm that maintains a proper tradeoff between quality and intelligibility in the speech signal. This can be made possible using the time and spectral information in the speech signal. This work also focus on the problem of enhancing the compressed version of the speech signal, to improve the intelligibility of the speech signal. The performance measures like Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Mean opinion Score (MOS), Pitch and Formants used to find the performance of a speech enhancement algorithm which varies from application to application.
语音增强是指使用信号处理技术提高退化语音信号的可理解性和/或质量。由于语音信号中的噪声含量随时间和应用的不同而改变其性质和特征,语音增强一直是一个非常困难的问题。使用语音增强技术不能同时保持语音信号的质量和可理解性。所以一般来说,这两者之间保持着一种权衡。在语音通信中,有许多应用需要语音增强,例如:VoIP,免提通信,助听器,应答机,语音识别,电话会议系统,汽车和移动电话。在这项工作中,主要关注的是语音增强算法的发展,该算法在语音信号的质量和可理解性之间保持适当的权衡。这可以利用语音信号中的时间和频谱信息来实现。本工作还重点研究了语音信号压缩版的增强问题,以提高语音信号的可理解性。诸如信噪比(SNR)、平均意见分数(MOS)、基音和共振峰等性能指标用于发现语音增强算法的性能,这些性能指标因应用而异。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of microstrip rectangular carpet shaped fractal antenna 微带矩形地毯形分形天线分析
V. Dinesh, G. Karunakar
The need for miniaturized antenna is ever growing in view of the advancements in wireless communication technology. The conventional microstrip antennas take any shape like square, rectangular, triangle and so on. They provide normally single resonance frequency with high quality factor because of narrow bandwidth. However, the fractal antennas are able to provide either multi-band resonances or broad bandwidth because of the self-similar and space-filling properties. In present paper, a study is made on Sierpinski gasket carpet fractal antenna, for single and multiband applications. Design and simulation is done using HFSS 13.0 software and fabrication is done using photolithography etching method which gives adequate result for this type of antennas. By using vector network analyzer E5071C the designed antennas are tested and various plots like return loss, VSWR, smith chart and polar plot are verified. The designed antennas are used in implantable medical (IMD) applications and other wireless applications. [1-6].
随着无线通信技术的发展,对天线小型化的需求日益增长。传统的微带天线有正方形、长方形、三角形等多种形状。它们通常提供单共振频率,由于带宽窄,质量因数高。然而,由于分形天线的自相似和空间填充特性,它既可以提供多波段共振,也可以提供宽带宽。本文研究了Sierpinski衬垫地毯分形天线的单波段和多波段应用。采用HFSS 13.0软件进行了设计和仿真,采用光刻蚀刻法进行了制作,得到了较好的效果。利用矢量网络分析仪E5071C对设计的天线进行了测试,并对回波损耗图、驻波比图、史密斯图、极坐标图等进行了验证。所设计的天线用于植入式医疗(IMD)应用和其他无线应用。[1 - 6]。
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引用次数: 16
Verilog implementation of genetic algorithm for minimum leakage vector in input vector control approach Verilog实现了遗传算法中最小泄漏矢量的输入矢量控制方法
V. LeelaRani, M. Madhavilatha
Leakage power dissipation plays a major role in the total power dissipation with the advancement in the technology. Reduction of leakage power is of top concern in the present trend of nanotechnology. Input Vector Control (IVC) is one of the approaches used for static power reduction during standby mode. Leakage in a circuit depends on input vector applied at primary inputs due to stacking effect. Minimum leakage vector (MLV) is the input vector to which a circuit can offer a minimum leakage for a given set of test inputs. This paper presents MLV for various test circuits using genetic algorithm. The algorithm is implemented in Verilog HDL to obtain MLV. Results explores that heuristic approaches can be considered as better algorithms in finding optimum solution. Another advantage found during simulation is that implementation of algorithm in HDL converges in less number of iterations with runtime savings compared to random search method.
随着技术的进步,泄漏功耗在总功耗中所占的比重越来越大。降低泄漏功率是当前纳米技术发展趋势中最受关注的问题。输入矢量控制(IVC)是在待机模式下减少静态功率的方法之一。由于叠加效应,电路的漏损取决于施加在主输入端的输入矢量。最小泄漏矢量(MLV)是电路在给定的一组测试输入中能够提供最小泄漏的输入矢量。本文介绍了用遗传算法实现各种测试电路的MLV。该算法在Verilog HDL语言中实现,以获得MLV。结果表明,启发式方法可以被认为是寻找最优解的较好算法。在仿真过程中发现的另一个优点是,与随机搜索方法相比,HDL算法的实现在更少的迭代次数下收敛,节省了运行时间。
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引用次数: 7
Performance evaluation of quasi regular deployment strategy in graph based wireless sensor networks 基于图的无线传感器网络准规则部署策略的性能评价
I. Snigdh, N. Gupta
Quasi is a combining form meaning "resembling," "having some, but not all of the features of" any particular entity. We use quasi to emulate regularity in deployment of a sensor network. Most wireless networks focus on bandwidth assurances. We study the effect of network topology though effective deployment strategy to improve the energy consumption and delay metrics, essential for typical real time sensor network applications. This paper analyzes the performance of quasi random strategy against deterministic, random based methods under a given set of protocols and network parameters. We justify that the quasi random method improves the energy conservation and reduces the end to end delay of the networks considered.
Quasi是一个组合形式,意思是“类似”,“具有任何特定实体的一些特征,但不是全部特征”。我们使用拟函数来模拟传感器网络部署中的规律性。大多数无线网络都注重带宽保证。我们通过有效的部署策略来研究网络拓扑的影响,以改善典型实时传感器网络应用所必需的能耗和延迟指标。在给定的协议集和网络参数下,分析了准随机策略对确定性随机方法的性能。我们证明了准随机方法提高了网络的能量节约和降低了网络的端到端延迟。
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引用次数: 3
Accent detection of Telugu speech using prosodic and formant features 用韵律和构象特征检测泰卢固语的口音
Kasiprasad Mannepalli, P. N. Sastry, V. Rajesh
Speech automation is becoming more popular in the recent times. Speech recognition systems are increasing day by day. Earlier the speech recognition systems were developed for English language. Now these systems are being developed for many other languages. Many languages in the globe have different speaking styles or accents. The speech recognition systems may not recognize speeches with accent other than the system are trained. So it is important in the speech to text conversion systems to convert the accented speech in to text. Telugu is a language of southern part of India, has mainly three different accents namely Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema and Telangana, in which the stress is different for the same word in these accents. In this work, text dependent speeches from Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema, Telangana accents have been collected. Prosodie and formant features extracted from speech are used for discriminating the accents. Prosodie features are represented by durations of syllables, pitch and energy contours. These features are used to recognize the accent of the speaker using Nearest Neighborhood Classifier. The best recognition Accuracy using this model obtained 72%.
语音自动化在最近变得越来越流行。语音识别系统日益发展。早先的语音识别系统是为英语开发的。现在,这些系统正在为许多其他语言开发。世界上许多语言都有不同的说话风格或口音。语音识别系统可能无法识别系统训练之外的带有口音的语音。因此在语音到文本的转换系统中,如何将重音语音转换成文本是非常重要的。泰卢固语是印度南部的一种语言,主要有三种不同的口音,即沿海安得拉邦,Rayalaseema和Telangana,在这些口音中,同一个单词的重音是不同的。在这项工作中,收集了沿海安得拉邦,拉亚拉西马,特伦加纳口音的文本依赖演讲。从语音中提取韵律和构词特征用于区分重音。韵律特征由音节的持续时间、音高和能量轮廓来表示。这些特征用于使用最近邻分类器识别说话人的口音。该模型的最佳识别准确率达到72%。
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引用次数: 15
Playlist generation based on user perception of songs 基于用户对歌曲的感知生成播放列表
Prafiilla Kalapatapu, Utkarsh Dubey, Aruna Malapati
Large online music collections often frustrate users and have increased the importance of recommender systems. This has led to interesting problem of automated playlist generation. Most of the existing playlist's compare a pair songs based on low-level/mid-level features and calculate the similarity. These systems lack user perception of music. This work supplements such existing systems by providing user perception of songs conveyed in Twitter messages. The proposed system combines audio based features and sentiment associated with the song. This unique fusion not only yields better results but also better user satisfaction. Further a validation on 200 users who used our playlist showed that atleast 67% of the songs in the playlist were liked by the user.
大量的在线音乐收藏经常让用户感到沮丧,并增加了推荐系统的重要性。这导致了自动生成播放列表的有趣问题。大多数现有的播放列表都是基于低级/中级特征来比较一对歌曲,并计算相似度。这些系统缺乏用户对音乐的感知。这项工作通过提供用户对Twitter消息中传达的歌曲的感知来补充现有的系统。该系统结合了基于音频的特征和与歌曲相关的情感。这种独特的融合不仅产生了更好的结果,也提高了用户的满意度。对200名使用我们的播放列表的用户的进一步验证表明,播放列表中至少有67%的歌曲被用户喜欢。
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引用次数: 0
Two new Schmitt trigger circuits based on current sink and current source inverters 基于电流汇和电流源逆变器的两种新型施密特触发电路
S. Parveen, M. Rukmini, Avireni Srinivasulu
This paper presents two new Schmitt trigger circuits with eight enhancement-type MOS transistors are introduced in this paper. These two Schmitt trigger circuits are implemented based on current sink and current source inverters. The hysteresis curves of the proposed Schmitt triggers are presented, hysteresis width depends on the supply voltage and transistor geometry. These circuits are preferred for high speed applications and also useful in low power applications. The performances of proposed circuits are examined using Cadence and model parameters of 180 nm CMOS technology with supply rail voltage of +3V. The simulation results and layouts are presented with optimized sizing and spacing in compliance to the design rules of gpdk 180 nm CMOS process.
本文介绍了两种由8个增强型MOS晶体管构成的新型施密特触发电路。这两种施密特触发电路是基于电流汇和电流源逆变器实现的。给出了所提出的施密特触发器的迟滞曲线,迟滞宽度取决于电源电压和晶体管的几何形状。这些电路是高速应用的首选,在低功耗应用中也很有用。在电源轨电压为+3V的情况下,采用Cadence和180 nm CMOS技术的模型参数对所提出电路的性能进行了测试。仿真结果和布局符合gpdk 180 nm CMOS工艺的设计规则,优化了尺寸和间距。
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引用次数: 5
Hyperspectral face data reduction and classification with multiresolution wavelets 基于多分辨率小波的高光谱人脸数据约简与分类
P. Kishore, A. Sastry, C. B. S. V. Krishna, Y. Vikas, C. Aneesh
Hyperspectral face images present productive information captured using a Hyperspectral camera compared to normal RGB camera capturing face images. Hyper spectral imaging is the collecting and processing of information from across the visible electromagnetic spectrum. Hyper spectral imaging deals with the imaging of narrow spectral bands over a continuous visible spectral range, and produces the spectra of all pixels in the scene. In this research face recognition experimentation is done in near infrared Hyperspectral images. The recognition is accomplished on Hyperspectral face database consisting of 47 test subjects created by Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The database images of Hyperspectral faces were collected using a CCD camera equipped with a liquid crystal tunable filter to provide 33 bands over the near-infrared (0.7_m-1.0_m). Experiments were conducted to demonstrate that this simple algorithm can be used to recognize faces that changes in facial pose and expression over time.
与普通RGB相机捕捉人脸图像相比,使用高光谱相机捕获的高光谱人脸图像提供了生产信息。超光谱成像是收集和处理来自整个可见电磁波谱的信息。超光谱成像处理在连续可见光谱范围内的窄光谱带成像,并产生场景中所有像素的光谱。本研究采用近红外高光谱图像进行人脸识别实验。在香港理工大学创建的由47名测试对象组成的高光谱人脸数据库上完成识别。采用配备液晶可调滤波器的CCD相机采集高光谱人脸数据库图像,在近红外(0.7 ~ 1.0 m)范围内提供33个波段。实验证明,这个简单的算法可以用来识别面部姿势和表情随时间变化的人脸。
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引用次数: 1
Separation of artifacts from electroencephalogram signal using sequential singular spectrum analysis 用序列奇异谱分析从脑电图信号中分离伪影
Ajay Kumar Maddirala, R. Shaik
This paper presents a sequential singular spectrum analysis (SSA) also known as multistage SSA method to separate the artifacts from the single channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Firstly, the (SSA) was applied on the contaminated EEG signal with window length L1□ and decomposed into three components (EOG, EEG and EMG). After observing these deco-composed components, if any artifacts are still present in the EEG components, SSA is again applied with different window length L2. Finally the artifacts such as electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) are separated from the EEG signal and it is found that the seizure activity (5.45/7z)□ is preserved and all the artifact components are separated efficiently. It is also found that in terms of computational complexity the proposed sequential SSA technique is more efficient than the Local SSA.
本文提出了一种从单通道脑电图信号中分离伪信号的顺序奇异谱分析(SSA)方法。首先,对窗长为L1□的污染脑电信号进行SSA,并将其分解为EOG、EEG和EMG三个分量;在观察这些解码组成的分量后,如果在EEG分量中仍然存在任何伪影,则再次以不同的窗长L2应用SSA。最后从脑电信号中分离出眼电图和肌电图等伪影,发现癫痫发作活动(5.45/7z)□得以保留,并有效地分离了伪影成分。在计算复杂度方面,本文提出的顺序SSA比局部SSA更有效。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
2015 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Engineering Systems
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