This essay is a brief remembrance of Mary Maples Dunn in a special issue commemorating her life and scholarship.
摘要:本文是在纪念玛丽·梅普尔斯·邓恩的生平和学术成就的特刊上对她的简短回忆。
{"title":"Richard S. Dunn","authors":"R. S. Dunn","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a brief remembrance of Mary Maples Dunn in a special issue commemorating her life and scholarship.</p>","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"606 - 610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74854519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Touro Synagogue stands as a statement of deeply held beliefs in a modern interpretation of Jewish principles and in the importance of classical architecture. The design's incorporation of both neo-Solomonic themes and Palladian principles placed it on the cutting edge of synagogue design in the Atlantic world. While seemingly separate, these two systems converge symbolically in the synagogue's women's balcony. Following contemporary neo-Solomonic principles, the balcony was a key component in the creation of numerological relationships among the parts of the building. At the same time, it also established architectural balance within the progression of Palladian elements. As a pivotal space in both theories, the women's balcony inserted women into the process of Judaic worship in a way that reflected the values of open-mindedness and inclusion inherent in Newport's Jewish community. It also placed them at the heart of two larger dialogues, one about the role of women within Judaic practice and one involving the relationship between the Newport congregation and the Atlantic world.
{"title":"Neo-Solomonic Palladianism: Touro Synagogue and Its Women's Balcony, Newport, Rhode Island","authors":"Catherine W. Zipf","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0021","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Touro Synagogue stands as a statement of deeply held beliefs in a modern interpretation of Jewish principles and in the importance of classical architecture. The design's incorporation of both neo-Solomonic themes and Palladian principles placed it on the cutting edge of synagogue design in the Atlantic world. While seemingly separate, these two systems converge symbolically in the synagogue's women's balcony. Following contemporary neo-Solomonic principles, the balcony was a key component in the creation of numerological relationships among the parts of the building. At the same time, it also established architectural balance within the progression of Palladian elements. As a pivotal space in both theories, the women's balcony inserted women into the process of Judaic worship in a way that reflected the values of open-mindedness and inclusion inherent in Newport's Jewish community. It also placed them at the heart of two larger dialogues, one about the role of women within Judaic practice and one involving the relationship between the Newport congregation and the Atlantic world.","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"572 - 589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86244409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This essay compares the spiritual and material terms of aging among black women in the post-emancipation North. It contrasts the public representations of African American women elders and the more prosaic, material work that black women and broader northern free black communities performed in coping with the challenges of aging. Early American biographies of black women elders characterized them as pious exemplars of Christian virtue. They also showed how they used collective practices to cope with aging. Other sources reveal this communal ethos. The records of churches, mutual aid societies, black women authors, and others show how free black communities brought together religious and material resources to support African American women in the aging process. Through this "community of care," black Northerners provided material and spiritual support to an aging population of women.
{"title":"Black Women, Eldership, and Communities of Care in the Nineteenth-Century North","authors":"Frederick C. Knight","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0019","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This essay compares the spiritual and material terms of aging among black women in the post-emancipation North. It contrasts the public representations of African American women elders and the more prosaic, material work that black women and broader northern free black communities performed in coping with the challenges of aging. Early American biographies of black women elders characterized them as pious exemplars of Christian virtue. They also showed how they used collective practices to cope with aging. Other sources reveal this communal ethos. The records of churches, mutual aid societies, black women authors, and others show how free black communities brought together religious and material resources to support African American women in the aging process. Through this \"community of care,\" black Northerners provided material and spiritual support to an aging population of women.","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"545 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75657271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is an introductory essay in a special issue dedicated to the life and scholarship of Mary Maples Dunn.
摘要:本文是玛丽·梅普尔斯·邓恩生平与学术特刊的一篇导论文章。
{"title":"\"Ineradicably Untidy\": Women and Religion in the Age of Atlantic Empires","authors":"N. Eustace, Ann M. Little","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This is an introductory essay in a special issue dedicated to the life and scholarship of Mary Maples Dunn.</p>","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"397 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79298572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This article compares the experiences of indigenous women in Christian Indian communities across Mexico and the United States in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Focusing primarily on convents for indigenous nuns in Mexico and two Christian Indian tribes, Brothertown and Stockbridge, in the United States, it argues that women in Christian Indian communities leveraged the dual nature of their identities—as both indigenous and Christian—in order to gain recognition, authority, and autonomy within and beyond their communities. By becoming abbesses, schoolteachers, or simply "exemplary Christians," these women gained influence over colonial and national authorities on the basis of their Christian identity, while advocating for indigenous people and strengthening indigenous networks. They adapted to changing economic conditions and used creative strategies for fund-raising, thereby ensuring the financial stability of their communities. They also asserted new understandings of the relationship between ethnic identity and allegiance that diverged from the perspectives of colonial and national officials, as well as indigenous men. These broad similarities in indigenous women's responses to colonial and imperial rule in multiple locations suggest that gender and ethnicity, more than geopolitical context, shaped indigenous women's strategies for survival across the Americas.
{"title":"\"Women of Our Nation\": Gender and Christian Indian Communities in the United States and Mexico, 1753–1837","authors":"Jessica Criales","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0014","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article compares the experiences of indigenous women in Christian Indian communities across Mexico and the United States in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Focusing primarily on convents for indigenous nuns in Mexico and two Christian Indian tribes, Brothertown and Stockbridge, in the United States, it argues that women in Christian Indian communities leveraged the dual nature of their identities—as both indigenous and Christian—in order to gain recognition, authority, and autonomy within and beyond their communities. By becoming abbesses, schoolteachers, or simply \"exemplary Christians,\" these women gained influence over colonial and national authorities on the basis of their Christian identity, while advocating for indigenous people and strengthening indigenous networks. They adapted to changing economic conditions and used creative strategies for fund-raising, thereby ensuring the financial stability of their communities. They also asserted new understandings of the relationship between ethnic identity and allegiance that diverged from the perspectives of colonial and national officials, as well as indigenous men. These broad similarities in indigenous women's responses to colonial and imperial rule in multiple locations suggest that gender and ethnicity, more than geopolitical context, shaped indigenous women's strategies for survival across the Americas.","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"414 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87726611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This essay examines motherhood in the context of the United States' first foreign missionary movement. In the early nineteenth century, as the first generation of missionaries departed for foreign locations—including India, Burma, and the Sandwich Islands—concern began to mount over the behavior of foreign mothers who were neither white nor Christian. In popular texts, such women were frequently depicted as harmful mothers who abused, neglected, or killed their own children, and their conversion to Christianity was touted as the only path toward their reformation. This trope of the purportedly harmful, "heathen" mother served as powerful motivation for American women who hoped to evangelize overseas by marrying missionaries. In joining missions, they planned to convert foreign women, transform family and gender relations, and protect supposedly vulnerable children. Yet as their own writing frequently revealed, missionary wives themselves largely failed to conform to the rigorous strictures of early republican maternity. Using the edited and published memoirs of missionary wives as a lens, I argue that maternity served a far more complex role in American public life than has previously been acknowledged.
{"title":"Motherhood on a Mission: Missionaries, \"Heathens,\" and the Maternal Ideal in the Early American Republic","authors":"Cassandra N. Berman","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0016","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This essay examines motherhood in the context of the United States' first foreign missionary movement. In the early nineteenth century, as the first generation of missionaries departed for foreign locations—including India, Burma, and the Sandwich Islands—concern began to mount over the behavior of foreign mothers who were neither white nor Christian. In popular texts, such women were frequently depicted as harmful mothers who abused, neglected, or killed their own children, and their conversion to Christianity was touted as the only path toward their reformation. This trope of the purportedly harmful, \"heathen\" mother served as powerful motivation for American women who hoped to evangelize overseas by marrying missionaries. In joining missions, they planned to convert foreign women, transform family and gender relations, and protect supposedly vulnerable children. Yet as their own writing frequently revealed, missionary wives themselves largely failed to conform to the rigorous strictures of early republican maternity. Using the edited and published memoirs of missionary wives as a lens, I argue that maternity served a far more complex role in American public life than has previously been acknowledged.","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"474 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86882295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Interactions among the spiritual, emotional, and corporeal were significant factors in the history of white women, childbirth, and child death in the early American republic. Though the social, cultural, and medical meanings of parturiency and motherhood have been studied by historians of early America, the spiritual aspects of reproduction have largely been ignored. Female Friends infused childbearing with religious meaning to contain its accompanying pain and fear as well as to express its joy and pleasure. This form of childbirth incorporated the mind and body into a spirituality built on obedience, modesty, perseverance, and discipline. The succession of pregnancy, delivery, nursing, child rearing, and sickness (both related and unrelated to reproduction) in a Quaker woman's life induced not only physical frailty but also spiritual reflection. Pregnancy and childbirth raised the possibility of an early death at the same time they afforded women the means to interact with God and to ask for his mercy and support. Piety channeled the existential and emotional dilemmas posed by pregnancy, childbirth, and child loss. By surveying the religious significance of bodies, pain, and emotion among early American Friends, this essay contends that the experiential aspects of Quaker motherhood were thoroughly steeped in spirituality.
{"title":"\"To have a gradual weaning & be ready & wiling to resign all\": Maternity, Piety, and Pain among Quaker Women of the Early Mid-Atlantic","authors":"J. Lindman","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0017","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Interactions among the spiritual, emotional, and corporeal were significant factors in the history of white women, childbirth, and child death in the early American republic. Though the social, cultural, and medical meanings of parturiency and motherhood have been studied by historians of early America, the spiritual aspects of reproduction have largely been ignored. Female Friends infused childbearing with religious meaning to contain its accompanying pain and fear as well as to express its joy and pleasure. This form of childbirth incorporated the mind and body into a spirituality built on obedience, modesty, perseverance, and discipline. The succession of pregnancy, delivery, nursing, child rearing, and sickness (both related and unrelated to reproduction) in a Quaker woman's life induced not only physical frailty but also spiritual reflection. Pregnancy and childbirth raised the possibility of an early death at the same time they afforded women the means to interact with God and to ask for his mercy and support. Piety channeled the existential and emotional dilemmas posed by pregnancy, childbirth, and child loss. By surveying the religious significance of bodies, pain, and emotion among early American Friends, this essay contends that the experiential aspects of Quaker motherhood were thoroughly steeped in spirituality.","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"498 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80501631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is a brief remembrance of Mary Maples Dunn in a special issue commemorating her life and scholarship.
摘要:本文是在纪念玛丽·梅普尔斯·邓恩的生平和学术成就的特刊上对她的简短回忆。
{"title":"Drew Gilpin Faust","authors":"D. Faust","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a brief remembrance of Mary Maples Dunn in a special issue commemorating her life and scholarship.</p>","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"615 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79475419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This article presents an excerpt from a journal kept by Moravian missionaries in the course of their mission to enslaved Africans and African Americans in South Carolina in the 1730s. This resource is offered as a representative example of the kind of material preserved in the Moravian Church archives, whose primary location is in Herrnhut, Germany. The remoteness of this collection and the archaic eighteenth-century alphabet used by the original record keepers make these documents relatively inaccessible for early American historians. This is unfortunate, as there is abundant material of surprising value for scholars interested in the histories of slavery, race, religion, and gender. The figure of Diana is highlighted as a special example. As scholars such as Patricia Morton and more recently Marisa J. Fuentes have highlighted, it is particularly challenging to locate the lives of enslaved women in the archives. Whereas historians like Fuentes have made brilliant use of thin and often impersonal information to reconstruct those lives, the interests of the Moravian missionaries resulted in their journals and correspondence containing unusually personal information about the individuals they encountered, like Diana.
这篇文章摘自18世纪30年代摩拉维亚传教士在南卡罗来纳向被奴役的非洲人和非裔美国人传教的过程中所保存的一本日记。这一资源是作为保存在摩拉维亚教会档案中的材料的代表性例子提供的，该档案的主要位置在德国的Herrnhut。这些收藏的偏远和原始记录保证人使用的18世纪的古老字母使得这些文件对早期的美国历史学家来说相对难以接近。这是不幸的，因为对于对奴隶制、种族、宗教和性别历史感兴趣的学者来说，有大量的材料具有惊人的价值。戴安娜的形象被强调为一个特殊的例子。正如帕特里夏·莫顿(Patricia Morton)和最近的玛丽莎·j·富恩特斯(Marisa J. Fuentes)等学者所强调的那样，在档案中找到被奴役妇女的生活尤其具有挑战性。尽管像富恩特斯这样的历史学家出色地利用单薄且往往是非个人的信息来重建这些人的生活，但摩拉维亚传教士的兴趣导致他们的日记和信件中包含了他们遇到的个人的不同寻常的个人信息，比如戴安娜。
{"title":"Finding Diana in the Purrysburg Mission Diary, 1739","authors":"M. Dixon","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0020","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article presents an excerpt from a journal kept by Moravian missionaries in the course of their mission to enslaved Africans and African Americans in South Carolina in the 1730s. This resource is offered as a representative example of the kind of material preserved in the Moravian Church archives, whose primary location is in Herrnhut, Germany. The remoteness of this collection and the archaic eighteenth-century alphabet used by the original record keepers make these documents relatively inaccessible for early American historians. This is unfortunate, as there is abundant material of surprising value for scholars interested in the histories of slavery, race, religion, and gender. The figure of Diana is highlighted as a special example. As scholars such as Patricia Morton and more recently Marisa J. Fuentes have highlighted, it is particularly challenging to locate the lives of enslaved women in the archives. Whereas historians like Fuentes have made brilliant use of thin and often impersonal information to reconstruct those lives, the interests of the Moravian missionaries resulted in their journals and correspondence containing unusually personal information about the individuals they encountered, like Diana.","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"431 1","pages":"562 - 571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83602008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is a brief remembrance of Mary Maples Dunn in a special issue commemorating her life and scholarship.
摘要:本文是在纪念玛丽·梅普尔斯·邓恩的生平和学术成就的特刊上对她的简短回忆。
{"title":"Linda K. Kerber","authors":"L. Kerber","doi":"10.1353/eam.2019.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2019.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a brief remembrance of Mary Maples Dunn in a special issue commemorating her life and scholarship.</p>","PeriodicalId":43255,"journal":{"name":"Early American Studies-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"127 1","pages":"617 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75044493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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