Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.046-051
M. Ushakov, I. Vorobev, S. Nikolsky
This article provides the methodological foundations for building programs designed to control coordinate measuring machines of any type when measuring the parameters of straight-toothed gears. The scope of the described approach to the described problem is considered, as well as the ways and expediency of its further development. The presented technique describes an approximate scheme of movements of the measuring element, as well as some features during its development. The fundamental mathematical dependencies are given, which allow calculating the shape of the lateral surface of the gears based on the results of the coordinate measuring machine, for subsequent evaluation of its errors. The results of measurements for further processing should be stored in the form of arrays, which indicate the numbers of controlled teeth, the left or right sides of the tooth, as well as the level of measurements and the index of the controlled radius. The development of an experimental control program based on this technique showed the possibility of significantly expanding the range of use of coordinate measuring machines that are not equipped with specialized software and additional equipment designed for measuring gears. Terminology, designations and requirements are given in accordance with GOST ISO series (GOST ISO 1328-1–2017 and GOST 13755–2015 (ISO 53:1998)), which differ in some parameters from those previously adopted (GOST 1643–81, GOST 16531–83, GOST 16532–70, etc.).
本文为编制控制任何类型的三坐标测量机测量直齿齿轮参数的程序提供了方法学基础。考虑了所描述的方法对所描述的问题的范围，以及其进一步发展的途径和权宜之计。该技术描述了一种测量元件运动的近似方案，以及其发展过程中的一些特点。给出了基本的数学依赖关系，它允许根据三坐标测量机的结果计算齿轮侧面的形状，以便随后评估其误差。进一步加工的测量结果应以阵列的形式存储，阵列表明受控齿的数量，齿的左右两侧，以及测量的水平和受控半径的指数。基于该技术的实验控制程序的开发表明，可以显着扩大三坐标测量机的使用范围，这些测量机没有配备专门的软件和为测量齿轮设计的附加设备。术语、名称和要求是根据GOST ISO系列(GOST ISO 1328-1-2017和GOST 13755-2015 (ISO 53:20 98))给出的，与以前采用的(GOST 1643-81、GOST 16531-83、GOST 16532-70等)在一些参数上有所不同。
{"title":"RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEAR CONTROL METHODS ON CMM","authors":"M. Ushakov, I. Vorobev, S. Nikolsky","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.046-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.046-051","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides the methodological foundations for building programs designed to control coordinate measuring machines of any type when measuring the parameters of straight-toothed gears. The scope of the described approach to the described problem is considered, as well as the ways and expediency of its further development. The presented technique describes an approximate scheme of movements of the measuring element, as well as some features during its development. The fundamental mathematical dependencies are given, which allow calculating the shape of the lateral surface of the gears based on the results of the coordinate measuring machine, for subsequent evaluation of its errors. The results of measurements for further processing should be stored in the form of arrays, which indicate the numbers of controlled teeth, the left or right sides of the tooth, as well as the level of measurements and the index of the controlled radius. The development of an experimental control program based on this technique showed the possibility of significantly expanding the range of use of coordinate measuring machines that are not equipped with specialized software and additional equipment designed for measuring gears. Terminology, designations and requirements are given in accordance with GOST ISO series (GOST ISO 1328-1–2017 and GOST 13755–2015 (ISO 53:1998)), which differ in some parameters from those previously adopted (GOST 1643–81, GOST 16531–83, GOST 16532–70, etc.).","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124268294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.052-057
V. Matveev
The article briefly describes the main methods of hardness measurement in non-stationary field conditions. Among them are dynamic and ultrasonic methods, which made it possible to create portable devices of wide application. The features and advantages of modern mobile means of measuring the hardness of materials of numerous technological structures are described. The information about the main manufacturers of portable hardness testers and metrological means of their calibration and verification is given.
{"title":"MOBILE HARDNESS MEASURING TOOLS: STATE AND PROSPECTS","authors":"V. Matveev","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.052-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.052-057","url":null,"abstract":"The article briefly describes the main methods of hardness measurement in non-stationary field conditions. Among them are dynamic and ultrasonic methods, which made it possible to create portable devices of wide application. The features and advantages of modern mobile means of measuring the hardness of materials of numerous technological structures are described. The information about the main manufacturers of portable hardness testers and metrological means of their calibration and verification is given.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132162543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.036-045
I. Lozovsky, E. Loseva, V. Syasko
Low strain impact test is widely used to assess the structural integrity of reinforced concrete piles due to its high productivity and cost effectiveness. However, a low signal-to-noise ratio may prevent proper evaluation of pile length and integrity using the standard data analysis approaches. In this paper, we propose a technique for the time-frequency analysis of low strain test data, which allows us to separate the useful components of a signal from the unwanted ones. The technique is based on the continuous wavelet transform with the complex Morlet wavelet, which is shown to be the most suitable for the low strain test data decomposition. To filter the signal, the moving median of the square modulus of the continuous wavelet transform is calculated in the frequency band of the initial impact pulse. The capabilities of the technique are illustrated by the low strain test signals with the artificial noise and the results of a field test of a 30m long bored pile.
{"title":"WAVELET DENOISING FOR LOW STRAIN PILE INTEGRITY TESTING","authors":"I. Lozovsky, E. Loseva, V. Syasko","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.036-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.036-045","url":null,"abstract":"Low strain impact test is widely used to assess the structural integrity of reinforced concrete piles due to its high productivity and cost effectiveness. However, a low signal-to-noise ratio may prevent proper evaluation of pile length and integrity using the standard data analysis approaches. In this paper, we propose a technique for the time-frequency analysis of low strain test data, which allows us to separate the useful components of a signal from the unwanted ones. The technique is based on the continuous wavelet transform with the complex Morlet wavelet, which is shown to be the most suitable for the low strain test data decomposition. To filter the signal, the moving median of the square modulus of the continuous wavelet transform is calculated in the frequency band of the initial impact pulse. The capabilities of the technique are illustrated by the low strain test signals with the artificial noise and the results of a field test of a 30m long bored pile.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131900030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.024-034
V. A. Komarov
The generation of zero-mode Lamb waves in a magnetoelastic conductive plate with a thickness of 2d is considered at the constraint qt d < 1 using a radiation source model in the form of spaced apart conductors with alternating currents of opposite phases. It has been shown that, in contrast to bulk waves, Lamb waves are formed by the interference of the incident at angle φ and reflected waves under the condition sinφ > 1. Expressions are obtained for projections of displacements of symmetric and antisymmetric modes under the Joule effect, and expressions are given for projections of displacements under the Wiedemann effect. Diagrams are presented showing that the highest generation efficiency occurs in the first variant at the increased electrical conductivity of the plates. In the second case the highest generation efficiency appears at low electrical conductivity of the samples.
在约束qt d < 1的条件下，考虑了厚度为2d的磁弹性导电板中零模兰姆波的产生，采用了具有相反相位交流电流的间隔导体形式的辐射源模型。结果表明，与体波不同，在sinφ > 1的条件下，入射角φ与反射波干涉形成兰姆波。得到了焦耳效应下对称模和反对称模位移投影的表达式，并给出了Wiedemann效应下位移投影的表达式。图表显示，最高的发电效率发生在第一个变体在增加的电导率的板。在第二种情况下，最高的发电效率出现在低电导率的样品。
{"title":"MAGNETОELASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMATION. PART 8","authors":"V. A. Komarov","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.024-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.09.pp.024-034","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of zero-mode Lamb waves in a magnetoelastic conductive plate with a thickness of 2d is considered at the constraint qt d < 1 using a radiation source model in the form of spaced apart conductors with alternating currents of opposite phases. It has been shown that, in contrast to bulk waves, Lamb waves are formed by the interference of the incident at angle φ and reflected waves under the condition sinφ > 1. Expressions are obtained for projections of displacements of symmetric and antisymmetric modes under the Joule effect, and expressions are given for projections of displacements under the Wiedemann effect. Diagrams are presented showing that the highest generation efficiency occurs in the first variant at the increased electrical conductivity of the plates. In the second case the highest generation efficiency appears at low electrical conductivity of the samples.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117038826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.014-024
A. G. Antipov, A. Markov
In the practice of magnetic flux leakage non-destructive testing the problem of distinguishing signals generated by dangerous internal defects from signals generated by surface flaws is very acute. In this paper on the basis of three-dimensional computer simulation it was shown that at significant inspection speed the area of the maximum magnetization of the most remote from the surface metal layers under the influence of emerging eddy currents is shifted behind the rear pole of the magnetizing system. Studies of magnetic induction distributions in the testing object in the form of a rail from speed, from the distance of the section under consideration relative to the rear pole and from the depth of the layer are carried out. Also, the distributions of the field in the presence of two types of defects – surface and internal – are studied. It was found that the magnetic field distribution behind the rear pole differs significantly from the distribution in the interpole space. Two contrary magnetic fluxes are formed behind the rear pole: in the bulk of the object the magnetic flux moves in one direction and near the surface magnetic flux flows in the opposite one. Since the flux directions are opposite, the signals from surface and internal defects have different polarity, which can be used to differentiate them.
{"title":"DIFFERENTIATION OF SURFACE AND INTERNAL DEFECTS BY USING TAIL FIELD LEAKAGE DATA AT HIGH-SPEED MFL TESTING","authors":"A. G. Antipov, A. Markov","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.014-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.014-024","url":null,"abstract":"In the practice of magnetic flux leakage non-destructive testing the problem of distinguishing signals generated by dangerous internal defects from signals generated by surface flaws is very acute. In this paper on the basis of three-dimensional computer simulation it was shown that at significant inspection speed the area of the maximum magnetization of the most remote from the surface metal layers under the influence of emerging eddy currents is shifted behind the rear pole of the magnetizing system. Studies of magnetic induction distributions in the testing object in the form of a rail from speed, from the distance of the section under consideration relative to the rear pole and from the depth of the layer are carried out. Also, the distributions of the field in the presence of two types of defects – surface and internal – are studied. It was found that the magnetic field distribution behind the rear pole differs significantly from the distribution in the interpole space. Two contrary magnetic fluxes are formed behind the rear pole: in the bulk of the object the magnetic flux moves in one direction and near the surface magnetic flux flows in the opposite one. Since the flux directions are opposite, the signals from surface and internal defects have different polarity, which can be used to differentiate them.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128647608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.036-043
S. P. Shlyakhtenkov, M. A. Gulyev, V. Vyplaven, A. Popkov, S. Bekher, A. Kurbatov, A. Bobrov
In the context of improving methods and means of non-destructive testing (NDT), along with increasing in formativeness, complex technical problems arise. For example, when examining structural elements with a service life of more than 20 – 30 years, modern NC tools detect defects that have not been rejected by the manufacturer. Assessment of the impact of such defects on the operability of the structure requires a comprehensive study using NC and strain gauge. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the parameters of defects in a cast part of a hydraulic stamping press with a service life of more than 60 years in order to make a decision on the possibility of its further operation. The defect was investigated using magnetic powder, eddy current and ultrasonic control methods. By means of strain gauges, mechanical stresses are measured directly during operation. The indicator pattern of the magnetic particle inspection defect has signs uncharacteristic for fatigue defects: branching, intermittent and broken (not smooth) character. To quantify the degree of smoothness of the indicator pattern, it is proposed to use a fractal dimension, which for the defect under study was 1.07. The estimated depth of the defect detected by the eddy current method was from 4 to 6 mm, by ultrasound – from 8 to 18 mm. The presence of an echo signal by a direct converter indicates the volumetric nature of the defect. After mechanical removal of the surface layer with a thickness of 2 mm in some areas, the width of the defect increased to 2 mm, and the depth to – 20 mm. On the inner side surface of the defect, a dense, dark scale characteristic of high temperatures is visually determined.The defect is classified as a casting shell with a depth of 20 mm. No traces of fatigue failure were found. Compressive mechanical stresses with an amplitude of no more than 41 MPa amounted to less than 20 % of the fatigue endurance limit of 35L steel. During the year, the average number of working cycles is 20 thousand, repeated examination of the press defect is recommended in 5 – 10 years (100 – 200 thousand cycles).
{"title":"POSSIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING DEFECTS IN MASSIVE CAST STRUCTURES BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHODS","authors":"S. P. Shlyakhtenkov, M. A. Gulyev, V. Vyplaven, A. Popkov, S. Bekher, A. Kurbatov, A. Bobrov","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.036-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.036-043","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of improving methods and means of non-destructive testing (NDT), along with increasing in formativeness, complex technical problems arise. For example, when examining structural elements with a service life of more than 20 – 30 years, modern NC tools detect defects that have not been rejected by the manufacturer. Assessment of the impact of such defects on the operability of the structure requires a comprehensive study using NC and strain gauge. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the parameters of defects in a cast part of a hydraulic stamping press with a service life of more than 60 years in order to make a decision on the possibility of its further operation. The defect was investigated using magnetic powder, eddy current and ultrasonic control methods. By means of strain gauges, mechanical stresses are measured directly during operation. The indicator pattern of the magnetic particle inspection defect has signs uncharacteristic for fatigue defects: branching, intermittent and broken (not smooth) character. To quantify the degree of smoothness of the indicator pattern, it is proposed to use a fractal dimension, which for the defect under study was 1.07. The estimated depth of the defect detected by the eddy current method was from 4 to 6 mm, by ultrasound – from 8 to 18 mm. The presence of an echo signal by a direct converter indicates the volumetric nature of the defect. After mechanical removal of the surface layer with a thickness of 2 mm in some areas, the width of the defect increased to 2 mm, and the depth to – 20 mm. On the inner side surface of the defect, a dense, dark scale characteristic of high temperatures is visually determined.The defect is classified as a casting shell with a depth of 20 mm. No traces of fatigue failure were found. Compressive mechanical stresses with an amplitude of no more than 41 MPa amounted to less than 20 % of the fatigue endurance limit of 35L steel. During the year, the average number of working cycles is 20 thousand, repeated examination of the press defect is recommended in 5 – 10 years (100 – 200 thousand cycles).","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116358276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.050-055
A. M. Dengaev
The purpose of automated diagnostics is to obtain complete and reliable information about the disease. The article analyzes in detail the pathophysiology of alopecia: possible causes of the increase in cases of alopecia in children, factors influencing the development of alopecia, methods and technical means of automated diagnosis of alopecia. The main purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of methods and technical means of automated processing of medical images of alopecia. A mathematical interpretation of the medical image recognition system is given. A multilevel architecture of such a system with a description of all the components of the modules is proposed.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF AUTOMATED DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY ALOPECIA IN CHILDREN","authors":"A. M. Dengaev","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.050-055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.050-055","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of automated diagnostics is to obtain complete and reliable information about the disease. The article analyzes in detail the pathophysiology of alopecia: possible causes of the increase in cases of alopecia in children, factors influencing the development of alopecia, methods and technical means of automated diagnosis of alopecia. The main purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of methods and technical means of automated processing of medical images of alopecia. A mathematical interpretation of the medical image recognition system is given. A multilevel architecture of such a system with a description of all the components of the modules is proposed.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128887353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.056-061
F. Agayev, I. H. Asadov
The problem of the best dispersion of aerosol emitted from gas flares is formulated. The problem is solved by further developing the wellknown Sky-LOSA theory developed for measuring the total amount of aerosol mass generated in flares. The optimization criterion is the possibility of detecting the minimum aerosol mass in this direction. The possibility of controlling gas combustion adaptively when the torch generates a minimum aerosol mass is shown. An algorithm for implementing the method is proposed.
{"title":"OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE AEROSOL SCATTERING MODE EMITTED FROM GAS FLARES","authors":"F. Agayev, I. H. Asadov","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.056-061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.056-061","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the best dispersion of aerosol emitted from gas flares is formulated. The problem is solved by further developing the wellknown Sky-LOSA theory developed for measuring the total amount of aerosol mass generated in flares. The optimization criterion is the possibility of detecting the minimum aerosol mass in this direction. The possibility of controlling gas combustion adaptively when the torch generates a minimum aerosol mass is shown. An algorithm for implementing the method is proposed.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123522532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.044-048
O. Boriskin, S. Larin, G. Nuzhdin, I. V. Murav’eva
In palladium refining technologies, as well as in some analytical procedures, complexes of bivalent palladium with diimines, amines, oximes, thiourea, and other compounds are used. In the technologies used, complex compounds of palladium are subjected to thermal decomposition, during which metallic palladium is formed. The precious metals market is seeing a rapid rise in the price of palladium on the back of a rapid increase in demand for it. It has been experimentally shown that active decomposition of dichlorodiamminepalladium Pd(NH3)2Cl2 and dimethylglyoximpalladium (C4H7N2O2)2Pd occurs at temperatures of 200…250 °C. Only the diffraction maxima of palladium were observed on the X-ray diffraction patterns of samples that underwent heat treatment at 900 °C and above. At these temperatures, palladium oxide is not stable. At temperatures around 500 °C, the samples are almost completely oxidized; there are no reflections of palladium on the diffraction patterns.
{"title":"THE PALLADIUM COMPLEXES DURING THERMAL DECOMPOSITION PHASE COMPOSITION INVESTIGATION","authors":"O. Boriskin, S. Larin, G. Nuzhdin, I. V. Murav’eva","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.044-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.044-048","url":null,"abstract":"In palladium refining technologies, as well as in some analytical procedures, complexes of bivalent palladium with diimines, amines, oximes, thiourea, and other compounds are used. In the technologies used, complex compounds of palladium are subjected to thermal decomposition, during which metallic palladium is formed. The precious metals market is seeing a rapid rise in the price of palladium on the back of a rapid increase in demand for it. It has been experimentally shown that active decomposition of dichlorodiamminepalladium Pd(NH3)2Cl2 and dimethylglyoximpalladium (C4H7N2O2)2Pd occurs at temperatures of 200…250 °C. Only the diffraction maxima of palladium were observed on the X-ray diffraction patterns of samples that underwent heat treatment at 900 °C and above. At these temperatures, palladium oxide is not stable. At temperatures around 500 °C, the samples are almost completely oxidized; there are no reflections of palladium on the diffraction patterns.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126840363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.026-035
V. Matveev, A. Kovalev
The article describes the possibilities of using microradiowaves in solving practical problems in the field of security technologies. Examples of solving practical problems are given. Specific types of devices and their developers are specified. The features of the use of ultra-wideband radar methods in solving security problems are highlighted. The prospects of using microradiowaves in the direction of creating modern security tools are considered.
{"title":"SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES USING MICRORADIOWAVES","authors":"V. Matveev, A. Kovalev","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.026-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.026-035","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the possibilities of using microradiowaves in solving practical problems in the field of security technologies. Examples of solving practical problems are given. Specific types of devices and their developers are specified. The features of the use of ultra-wideband radar methods in solving security problems are highlighted. The prospects of using microradiowaves in the direction of creating modern security tools are considered.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122758346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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