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EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF THE PO-3 MOBILE NEUTRON REFLECTOR CONDITION OF THE IBR-2 REACTOR WITH USING DISCRIMINANT AND CORRELATION METHODS OF ITS VIBRATION ANALYSIS 用判别法和相关法对ibr-2反应堆的po-3移动中子反射器状态进行了专家评估
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.004-013
A. G. Sokolova, F. Balitsky, V. D. Sizarev
In the development of vibration condition monitoring technology of the movable reflector PO-3 of the IBR-2 research reactor with using S-discriminant vibration analysis [1], the paper presents data and results of a correlation assessment of the stochastic interrelationship degree between S-discriminant and spectral functions in various frequency bands over 8 years of operation of the installation. This made it possible to identify the main sources of vibration activity of units of neutron reflector, developing operational malfunctions of some of its bearings and their influence on changes in its vibration and technical condition.
在IBR-2研究堆活动反射器PO-3振动状态监测技术的开发中,采用s -判别振动分析[1],给出了该装置运行8年来各频段s -判别函数与频谱函数随机相互关系程度的相关评估数据和结果。这使得确定中子反射器单元振动活动的主要来源成为可能,开发了其某些轴承的操作故障及其对其振动和技术条件变化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF SURFACE DEFECTS OF CERAMIC TILES 瓷砖表面缺陷自动检测
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.07.pp.050-055
M. K. Kadhim, L. Rusinov
Ceramic tiles are one of the most demanded finishing materials, and the areas of their use are constantly expanding. The production of ceramic tiles is quite well automated, but the control of manufactured tiles for defects is usually not automated, that limits its speed and does not guarantee the necessary quality. The algorithm for detecting the main surface defects of ceramic tiles, namely, mechanical (scratches, cracks, etc.), geometric (chips on the corners, gouges or protrusions on the edges), color defects (blobs, spots, etc.) is proposed in the paper. It based on digital image processing of tiles and was implemented using the free library of algorithmic primitives OpenCV. The algorithm does not require the presentation of reference tiles. At the same time, a high speed of classifying monochrome tiles into fresh and defective ones is ensured and allows to organize the automatic control of plain tiles on the conveyor in real time with the probability of correct detections 97 %.
瓷砖是需求量最大的装修材料之一,其使用领域也在不断扩大。瓷砖的生产自动化程度很高,但对制造的瓷砖缺陷的控制通常不是自动化的,这限制了其速度,也不能保证必要的质量。本文提出了检测瓷砖表面主要缺陷的算法,即机械缺陷(划痕、裂纹等)、几何缺陷(边角上的切屑、边缘上的沟槽或突起)、颜色缺陷(斑点、斑点等)。它是基于数字图像处理的瓷砖,并使用免费的算法原语库OpenCV实现。该算法不需要表示参考块。同时,保证了单色砖快速分类为新鲜砖和残缺砖,实时组织对输送带上素砖的自动控制,检测正确率达97%。
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引用次数: 0
TESTING OF CFRP SPECIMENS WITH IMPACT DAMAGE USING THE ACOUSTIC EMISSION METHOD AND TENSOMETRY 用声发射法和张力法检测CFRP试件的冲击损伤
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.07.pp.014-025
A. N. Seryeznov, L. Stepanova, S. Kabanov, I. Ramazanov, A. Kuznetsov, V. Chernova
Samples of carbon fiber T 700 were researched. They were subjected to impact damage, after which they were loaded with a static load until failure. Registration of defects was carried out using the method of acoustic emission (AE) and tensometry. In the process of loading the samples, the deformation and load were determined, at which the AE signals were located. An antenna consisting of piezoelectric acoustic emission transducers (PAE) and fiber optic sensors (FOS) was used to monitor defects. When the load changed from 80 to 100 kN, a jump in mechanical stresses was observed in the samples from 338 to 432 MPa, registered by the certified microprocessor-based high-speed tensometic system “Dynamics-3”. In this case, the average amplitude of the AE signals significantly decreased, starting from the load P = 80 kN, after which it increased at the load P = 110 kN. For sensors PAE 3 and VOD 2, located on the opposite side of the sample, where impact damage was absent, these changes in the amplitudes of the AE signals were less pronounced.
对t700碳纤维样品进行了研究。它们受到冲击损坏,之后它们被加载静态载荷直到失效。利用声发射(AE)和张力法对缺陷进行了配准。在试样加载过程中,确定试样的变形和载荷,并定位声发射信号。利用压电声发射传感器(PAE)和光纤传感器(FOS)组成的天线对缺陷进行监测。当载荷从80 kN变化到100 kN时,观察到样品的机械应力从338 MPa上升到432 MPa,由认证的基于微处理器的高速拉伸系统“Dynamics-3”记录。在这种情况下,声发射信号的平均幅值从载荷P = 80 kN开始明显减小,之后在载荷P = 110 kN处增大。对于位于样品另一侧的传感器PAE 3和VOD 2,在没有冲击损伤的情况下,声发射信号幅度的变化不太明显。
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引用次数: 1
INVESTIGATION OF METAL STRUCTURE BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE ULTRASONIC METHOD 金属结构的无损超声研究
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.07.pp.004-013
V. Ushakov, V. Danilov
The results of ultrasonic testing of metal before and after the operation of pipelines of thermal power plants are presented. Based on the metallographic analysis data, the frequency of ultrasonic waves was selected for research 10 and 15 MHz. It was found that the smallest effect of the surface roughness of the tested samples from the 12X1MF (Ra = 0.07…3.50 microns) was observed at a frequency of 15 MHz. It is shown that on the rough surface of samples Ra = 1.17…2.50 microns, the ratio of the amplitude of the 3rd bottom echo to the amplitude of the average noise level decreases to 17 dB at a frequency of 15 MHz with a metal operating time of 300 000 hours. The specified parameter is proposed to be used in metal structroscopy by ultrasonic method. It is shown that the shape of the pulse and its spectrum are subject to the greatest distortion at a frequency of ultrasonic waves equal to 15 MHz.
介绍了火电厂管道运行前后金属的超声检测结果。根据金相分析数据,选择超声波频率为10 MHz和15 MHz进行研究。结果表明,在15 MHz频率下,12X1MF样品表面粗糙度的影响最小(Ra = 0.07…3.50 μ m)。结果表明,在Ra = 1.17…2.50微米的粗糙表面,当金属工作时间为30万小时时,频率为15 MHz时,第三底回波幅度与平均噪声级幅度之比降至17 dB。提出了在超声金属结构检查中使用指定参数的方法。结果表明,当超声波频率为15mhz时,脉冲的形状及其频谱受到最大的畸变。
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引用次数: 1
CONTROL OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES USING MICRORADIOWAVES 用微无线电波控制动态过程
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.07.pp.026-031
V. Matveev, A. S. Bazhanov
The article discusses modern microradiowave methods and means of remote control of parameters of dynamic processes associated with movement, rotation, change of position and condition of objects of control. The main advantages of the methods are contactlessness, remoteness, inertia-free and efficiency. Examples of developments that implement the capabilities of microradiowave methods for monitoring dynamic processes are given. Advantages and prospects are shown.
本文讨论了现代微无线远程控制被控对象运动、旋转、位置变化和状态变化等动态过程参数的方法和手段。该方法的主要优点是无接触、远程、无惯性和高效。给出了实现微无线方法监测动态过程能力的开发实例。指出了该方法的优点和发展前景。
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引用次数: 0
MECHANIZED ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF TIEIN WELDS OF THE MAIN GAS PIPELINE WITH AN AUGUR-ART FLAW DETECTOR 用探伤仪对主燃气管道焊接焊缝进行机械超声探伤
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.07.pp.042-048
A. Bazulin, A. Butov, D. Tikhonov, S. Romashkin
To perform ultrasonic testing of golden joints of the main gas pipeline, a procedure for mechanized ultrasonic testing was developed. The procedure complied with the requirements of EN ISO 13588:2019 inspection level C and EN ISO 10863:2020 inspection level C. Testing for transverse defects was carried out using conventional piezoelectric transducers using the echo-mirror method and frontal SAFT processing. The use of the AUGUR-ART flaw detector, the SPIDER scanner and the ECHO-scan and AUGUR-Analysis software demonstrated stable detection of defect simulators in the reference block. All this made it possible to analyze the shortcomings of welding at training joints and successfully perform golden joints of the main gas pipeline.
为了对主燃气管道金接头进行超声检测,开发了一种机械化超声检测方法。该程序符合EN ISO 13588:2019检验等级C和EN ISO 10863:2020检验等级C的要求。采用传统的压电换能器,采用回波镜法和正面SAFT处理进行横向缺陷检测。使用AUGUR-ART探伤仪、SPIDER扫描仪、echo扫描和AUGUR-Analysis软件对参考块中的缺陷模拟器进行了稳定的检测。这为分析训练接头焊接的缺陷,成功完成主燃气管道的黄金接头提供了可能。
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引用次数: 0
DETECTION OF BEARING RING DEFECTS MAGNETIC POWDER METHOD RESIDUAL MAGNETIZATION METHOD 磁粉法检测轴承套圈缺陷的残余磁化法
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.07.pp.056-061
A. G. Otoka, A. Lyakh
A brief overview of the operational defects of bearing rings detected by the magnetic powder method is given. Various installations used on the railway are presented with a description of the control technology. Photographs with indicator drawings of defects detected by the magnetic powder method are shown.
简要介绍了磁粉法检测轴承套圈的工作缺陷。介绍了铁路上使用的各种装置,并对控制技术进行了描述。附有磁粉法检测缺陷的指示图的照片。
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引用次数: 0
HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATORS OF SWINGING FREQUENCY IN THE OUTPUT CIRCUITS OF MAGNETOELASTIC TORQUE SENSORS 磁弹性扭矩传感器输出电路中摆动频率的高频振荡器
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.07.pp.032-041
A. Vanyagin, B. Gordeev, S. Okhulkov, A. Ermolaev
To automate the operation of power units of vehicles and machining centers, it is necessary to develop reliable methods and means of measuring the main parameters characterizing their operation: torque, shaft power, axial shaft force, etc. Contactless magnetoelastic torque sensors are distinguished by high operational suitability, the measuring circuits of which, however, are obsolete and do not meet the increased requirements for measurement accuracy. The paper presents the design and describes the principle of operation of a contactless magnetoelastic torque sensor, a comparison of existing measuring circuits is given. The authors proposed a new technical solution for measuring torque, implemented on the basis of a phase shift meter with broadband frequency modulation of oscillators of swinging frequency. The test results of the prototype of the new measuring circuit demonstrated high accuracy and sensitivity compared to traditional measuring circuits. The new measuring circuit is not susceptible to errors in the electrical parameters of electronic components.
为了实现车辆和加工中心动力装置的自动化操作,有必要开发可靠的方法和手段来测量表征其运行的主要参数:扭矩、轴功率、轴力等。非接触式磁弹性扭矩传感器的特点是操作适用性高,但其测量电路已经过时,不能满足日益增加的测量精度要求。本文介绍了一种非接触式磁弹性扭矩传感器的设计和工作原理,并对现有的测量电路进行了比较。作者提出了一种新的扭矩测量技术方案,该方案是基于摆动频率振荡器的宽带调频相移表实现的。测试结果表明,与传统测量电路相比,新型测量电路具有较高的精度和灵敏度。这种新的测量电路不易受电子元件电气参数误差的影响。
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引用次数: 0
ESTIMATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFORMATION COMPONENTS AND NOISE OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION SIGNALS 声发射信号中信息分量与噪声关系的估计
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.06.pp.038-047
Y. Altay, A. Fedorov, K. A. Stepanova
In this article, a method for processing acoustic information is presented to assess the correlation relationship of information components and noise of acoustic emission (AE) signals. The method is based on a polynomial approximation of bidirectional Butterworth high and low pass filters. The operability of the processing method on full-scale samples of the noisy AE signal is analyzed and the evaluation of the received processing is carried out on the basis of quantitative indicators. Bidirectional implementation of high-pass filters improves the quality of processing when compared with a low-pass filter. To assess the correlation relationship using the considered processing method, fragments of the information component and noise are isolated from the noisy signal. Based on the selected components, a high correlation relationship between AE information signals and noise has been established.
针对声发射信号中信息分量与噪声的相关关系,提出了一种声信息处理方法。该方法基于双向巴特沃斯高通和低通滤波器的多项式近似。分析了处理方法对噪声声发射信号全尺寸样品的可操作性,并根据定量指标对接收到的处理进行了评价。与低通滤波器相比,双向实现的高通滤波器提高了处理质量。为了利用所考虑的处理方法评估相关关系,从噪声信号中分离出信息分量和噪声的碎片。在选取分量的基础上,建立了声发射信息信号与噪声的高度相关关系。
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引用次数: 1
ASSESSMENT OF THE AMOUNT OF EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE 对大气中污染物排放量的评估
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.14489/td.2022.06.pp.024-029
N. R. Kharlamov, A. D. Kiryanova, N. Larionov, V. Karakeyan, A. S. Ryabyshenkov
The results of the assessment of the composition of emissions of pollutants during the process of epitaxy into the atmosphere are presented. Using the example of a typical model of the epitaxy process and instrumental measurements, it was found that in the air removed from the epitaxy and charge discharge installations, the lead content is at the level of 99 %. Based on the material balance, the total lead emission capacity and its gross values are determined for the current and expanded production scale. It is shown that with an increase in the volume of production, the size of the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise is subject to revision in the direction of increase.
介绍了外延过程中向大气排放污染物组成的评价结果。通过一个典型的外延过程模型和仪器测量,发现从外延和充放电装置中除去的空气中,铅含量达到99%的水平。在物料衡算的基础上,确定了当前生产规模和扩大生产规模的总铅排放能力及其总值。结果表明,随着生产量的增加,企业卫生防护区域的规模也会朝着增加的方向进行修正。
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引用次数: 0
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Kontrol'. Diagnostika
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