Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107816
Evgeniy Kovtunets , Yunna Tushinova , Tatyana Spiridonova , Tsyrendyzhit Bazarova , Alexandra Logvinova , Alexandr Bogdanov , Bair Bazarov
Compounds K5A0.5Hf1.5(MoO4)6 (A = Sr, Pb) were synthesized using solid-state ceramic method. The sequence of chemical reactions that occur during the formation of these compounds has been elucidated. It was determined that the compounds melt incongruently at 628 °C, and their crystal structures were refined using the Rietveld method. Theoretical IR spectra were calculated using the obtained structural data and DFT modeling results. These spectra exhibited a high degree of correlation with the experimental data, thereby confirming the presence of isolated MoO4 groups within the structure. It has been shown that the electrical conductivity of K5A0.5Hf1.5(MoO4)6 (A = Sr, Pb) reached about 10−4 S/cm, which exceeds the conductivity of previously studied similar ternary molybdates. BVSE calculations indicated a high probability of oxygen transport in the studied compounds. Thermal deformations were studied by high temperature powder X-ray diffraction in the temperature range of 30–500 °C. The results showed that the ternary molybdates K5A0.5Hf1.5(MoO4)6 (A = Sr, Pb) are materials with high thermal expansion (αV = 40–56 x10−6 °C–1) and exhibit anisotropy along the crystallographic c-axis.
{"title":"Thermal expansion and ionic conductivity of K5A0.5Hf1.5(MoO4)6 (A = Sr, Pb)","authors":"Evgeniy Kovtunets , Yunna Tushinova , Tatyana Spiridonova , Tsyrendyzhit Bazarova , Alexandra Logvinova , Alexandr Bogdanov , Bair Bazarov","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compounds K<sub>5</sub><em>A</em><sub>0.5</sub>Hf<sub>1.5</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> (<em>A</em> = Sr, Pb) were synthesized using solid-state ceramic method. The sequence of chemical reactions that occur during the formation of these compounds has been elucidated. It was determined that the compounds melt incongruently at 628 °C, and their crystal structures were refined using the Rietveld method. Theoretical IR spectra were calculated using the obtained structural data and DFT modeling results. These spectra exhibited a high degree of correlation with the experimental data, thereby confirming the presence of isolated MoO<sub>4</sub> groups within the structure. It has been shown that the electrical conductivity of K<sub>5</sub><em>A</em><sub>0.5</sub>Hf<sub>1.5</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> (<em>A</em> = Sr, Pb) reached about 10<sup>−4</sup> S/cm, which exceeds the conductivity of previously studied similar ternary molybdates. BVSE calculations indicated a high probability of oxygen transport in the studied compounds. Thermal deformations were studied by high temperature powder X-ray diffraction in the temperature range of 30–500 °C. The results showed that the ternary molybdates K<sub>5</sub><em>A</em><sub>0.5</sub>Hf<sub>1.5</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> (<em>A</em> = Sr, Pb) are materials with high thermal expansion (α<sub><em>V</em></sub> = 40–56 x10<sup>−6</sup> °C<sup>–1</sup>) and exhibit anisotropy along the crystallographic <em>c</em>-axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107798
Lenka Krešáková , Miroslava Litecká , Itziar Oyarzabal , Róbert Tarasenko , Hryhorii Titikov , Martin Orendáč , Juraj Černák
Single crystals of Ce(III) complex {[Ce2(oPDA)3(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (1) with O-donor ligand H2oPDA (o-phenylenediacetic acid) were formed under solvothermal conditions. The crystal structure of 1 is one-dimensional and formed by chains of the Ce(III) ions linked via oPDA2− dianions acting as pentadentate ligands with bridging and chelating functions. The Ce(III) central atom in 1 is nonacoordinated by eight oxygen atoms from four different oPDA2− ligands and one oxygen atom of the aqua ligand yielding O8O donor set. The investigation of the static susceptibility and magnetization suggested Δ/kB = 317 K energy difference between the ground and the first excited doublet. Field induced slow magnetic relaxation was revealed in the investigation of alternating susceptibility. The alternation of the relaxation time with temperature confirmed the coexistence of quantum tunneling and Raman relaxation processes with anomalous coefficients for Raman relaxation.
{"title":"Ce(III) complex with o-phenylenediacetato ligand: Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties","authors":"Lenka Krešáková , Miroslava Litecká , Itziar Oyarzabal , Róbert Tarasenko , Hryhorii Titikov , Martin Orendáč , Juraj Černák","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single crystals of Ce(III) complex {[Ce<sub>2</sub>(<em>o</em>PDA)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]·2H<sub>2</sub>O}<sub><em>n</em></sub> (<strong>1</strong>) with O-donor ligand H<sub>2</sub><em>o</em>PDA (<em>o</em>-phenylenediacetic acid) were formed under solvothermal conditions. The crystal structure of <strong>1</strong> is one-dimensional and formed by chains of the Ce(III) ions linked via <em>o</em>PDA<sup>2−</sup> dianions acting as pentadentate ligands with bridging and chelating functions. The Ce(III) central atom in <strong>1</strong> is nonacoordinated by eight oxygen atoms from four different <em>o</em>PDA<sup>2−</sup> ligands and one oxygen atom of the aqua ligand yielding O<sub>8</sub>O donor set. The investigation of the static susceptibility and magnetization suggested <em>Δ/k</em><sub><em>B</em></sub> = 317 K energy difference between the ground and the first excited doublet. Field induced slow magnetic relaxation was revealed in the investigation of alternating susceptibility. The alternation of the relaxation time with temperature confirmed the coexistence of quantum tunneling and Raman relaxation processes with anomalous coefficients for Raman relaxation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107782
D. Legut , P. Nieves
The effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy associated with magnetostriction is studied for tetragonal L1-FePt by means of first-principles calculations, which is expressed in terms of the intrinsic anisotropy for an undeformed crystal, the magnetostrictive coefficients, and the elastic tensor. A very small correction is found for the first anisotropy constant %, while a much more significant contribution is obtained for the second one %. General analysis of this effect for tetragonal crystals is provided, finding that will be always positive for any stable phase with this symmetry. The potential implications and applications of these results are discussed.
{"title":"Second-order anisotropy due to magnetostriction for L10-FePt","authors":"D. Legut , P. Nieves","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy associated with magnetostriction is studied for tetragonal L1<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-FePt by means of first-principles calculations, which is expressed in terms of the intrinsic anisotropy for an undeformed crystal, the magnetostrictive coefficients, and the elastic tensor. A very small correction is found for the first anisotropy constant <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>07</mn></mrow></math></span>%, while a much more significant contribution is obtained for the second one <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>21</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>86</mn></mrow></math></span>%. General analysis of this effect for tetragonal crystals is provided, finding that <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> will be always positive for any stable phase with this symmetry. The potential implications and applications of these results are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107784
Neelam Baghel , Anil Kumar
The growth and implementation of sustainable thermoelectric materials for solar energy applications are investigated in this review article. Subsequently, thermoelectric materials provide a viable means of directly transforming solar heat into electricity, they are essential to improving the sustainability and efficiency of solar energy systems. This paper examines the principles of thermoelectricity, significant material properties, and the most recent developments in thermoelectric materials, such as lead telluride, bismuth telluride, organic, hybrid, and earth-abundant inorganic compounds. Special attention is given to material performance, environmental impact, scalability, and its integration into solar energy systems. Additionally, issues including stability, low efficiency, and a balance between performance and material sustainability are explored. The assessment concludes by outlining potential research approaches and technological advances that will be required to turn thermoelectric materials into an achievable and future solution to the world's energy problems.
{"title":"Sustainable thermoelectric materials for solar energy applications: A review","authors":"Neelam Baghel , Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth and implementation of sustainable thermoelectric materials for solar energy applications are investigated in this review article. Subsequently, thermoelectric materials provide a viable means of directly transforming solar heat into electricity, they are essential to improving the sustainability and efficiency of solar energy systems. This paper examines the principles of thermoelectricity, significant material properties, and the most recent developments in thermoelectric materials, such as lead telluride, bismuth telluride, organic, hybrid, and earth-abundant inorganic compounds. Special attention is given to material performance, environmental impact, scalability, and its integration into solar energy systems. Additionally, issues including stability, low efficiency, and a balance between performance and material sustainability are explored. The assessment concludes by outlining potential research approaches and technological advances that will be required to turn thermoelectric materials into an achievable and future solution to the world's energy problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107823
Dalal Alhashmialameer , Mohammad Shariq , Muhammad Azam Qamar , Hanan A. Althikrallah , Noha Al-Qasmi , F.H. Al-abdali , Leena S. Mohamed , Hala I. Elzubir , Zeyad M. Ahmed
The declining quantity of nonrenewable energy sources and rising in temperatures globally pose serious concerns. Therefore, electrochemical water splitting emerges as a highly efficient and cost-effective method of preparing hydrogen and oxygen, utilizing materials such as metals and their oxides. Beyond precious metals, carbon-based materials have been realized to be efficient in facilitating these reactions. To improve efficiency and optimize potential applications, it has also been established that incorporating metal oxides into the layers of the graphite can significantly improve the activity of HER and OER. In this study, we introduce a newly designed composite electrocatalyst, (Fe, Cr)-ZnO/g-C3N4 ((Fe, Cr)-GZN), which demonstrates enhanced electrocatalytic performance. The composite material was synthesized through the coprecipitation of (Fe, Cr)-ZnO with g-C3N4. The electrocatalyst's structure was fully analyzed using the important characterization techniques. FTO glass was employed to electrodeposit catalysts to facilitate water splitting investigations. The (Fe, Cr)-GZN composite demonstrated excellent electrochemical water splitting performance, with low overpotentials of 304 mV and a Tafel slope of 89 mV dec−1 for OER, resulting in 10 mA cm−2 (current density). This performance outperforms Cr-GZN and Fe-GZN composites, demonstrating the (Fe, Cr)-GZN composite's potential as an extremely efficient electrocatalyst for water splitting.
{"title":"Improved catalytic performance of (Fe, Cr)-ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite towards electrocatalytic water splitting for clean energy","authors":"Dalal Alhashmialameer , Mohammad Shariq , Muhammad Azam Qamar , Hanan A. Althikrallah , Noha Al-Qasmi , F.H. Al-abdali , Leena S. Mohamed , Hala I. Elzubir , Zeyad M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The declining quantity of nonrenewable energy sources and rising in temperatures globally pose serious concerns. Therefore, electrochemical water splitting emerges as a highly efficient and cost-effective method of preparing hydrogen and oxygen, utilizing materials such as metals and their oxides. Beyond precious metals, carbon-based materials have been realized to be efficient in facilitating these reactions. To improve efficiency and optimize potential applications, it has also been established that incorporating metal oxides into the layers of the graphite can significantly improve the activity of HER and OER. In this study, we introduce a newly designed composite electrocatalyst, (Fe, Cr)-ZnO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ((Fe, Cr)-GZN), which demonstrates enhanced electrocatalytic performance. The composite material was synthesized through the coprecipitation of (Fe, Cr)-ZnO with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The electrocatalyst's structure was fully analyzed using the important characterization techniques. FTO glass was employed to electrodeposit catalysts to facilitate water splitting investigations. The (Fe, Cr)-GZN composite demonstrated excellent electrochemical water splitting performance, with low overpotentials of 304 mV and a Tafel slope of 89 mV dec<sup>−1</sup> for OER, resulting in 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> (current density). This performance outperforms Cr-GZN and Fe-GZN composites, demonstrating the (Fe, Cr)-GZN composite's potential as an extremely efficient electrocatalyst for water splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A hybrid layered aluminium phosphate material GAM-8 was synthesized by a structural change using the aluminophosphate AlPO4-5 having an AFI-type zeolite structure. This synthesis condition is based on the interzeolite conversion of AlPO4-5. Cyclohexylamine was used as the organic structure-directing agent (OSDA). It was found that a highly crystalline GAM-8 obtained was isostructural to Co(APSO)N and its related compounds and UHM-5, whose structures are still unknown. The ab-initio crystal structure analysis by powder X-ray diffraction revealed that a 2D framework structure with a space group of C2/c and lattice constants of a = 37.46 Å, b = 5.32 Å, c = 9.70 Å, and β = 103.41°. Two aluminiumphosphate layers was included in a unit cell. A structural composition per unit cell was determined to be |(C6H11NH2)8|·[Al8P8O24(OH)16]. The layered framework was composed of one PO4 tetrahedral site and two AlO6 octahedral sites. All the AlO6 octahedra were edge-shared and connected in a zigzag pattern along the c-axis. The 27Al MAS NMR showed a large quadrupolar interaction of 27Al nuclei. The cyclohexylamine molecules were orderly arranged between the layers, forming a bilayer, and its interlayer distance between the terminal oxygen atoms of the aluminium phosphate layers was considerable, ca. 11.7 Å. The NH2 group of the OSDA was located close to O atoms of the layer surface with the interatomic distance d(N–O) of ca. 2.7–2.9 Å, suggesting the position of cyclohexylamine was stabilized by the hydrogen bonding of O···H–N.
{"title":"GAM-8: An organic-inorganic hybrid layered aluminium phosphate obtained by the transformation of AlPO4-5 with cyclohexylamine","authors":"Takuji Ikeda , Masaki Kumada , Edo Imai , Kenichi Komura","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hybrid layered aluminium phosphate material GAM-8 was synthesized by a structural change using the aluminophosphate AlPO<sub>4</sub>-5 having an <strong>AFI</strong>-type zeolite structure. This synthesis condition is based on the interzeolite conversion of AlPO<sub>4</sub>-5. Cyclohexylamine was used as the organic structure-directing agent (OSDA). It was found that a highly crystalline GAM-8 obtained was isostructural to Co(APSO)<sub>N</sub> and its related compounds and UHM-5, whose structures are still unknown. The <em>ab-initio</em> crystal structure analysis by powder X-ray diffraction revealed that a 2D framework structure with a space group of <em>C</em>2/<em>c</em> and lattice constants of <em>a</em> = 37.46 Å, <em>b</em> = 5.32 Å, <em>c</em> = 9.70 Å, and <em>β</em> = 103.41°. Two aluminiumphosphate layers was included in a unit cell. A structural composition per unit cell was determined to be |(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>11</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>8</sub>|·[Al<sub>8</sub>P<sub>8</sub>O<sub>24</sub>(OH)<sub>16</sub>]. The layered framework was composed of one PO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedral site and two AlO<sub>6</sub> octahedral sites. All the AlO<sub>6</sub> octahedra were edge-shared and connected in a zigzag pattern along the <em>c</em>-axis. The <sup>27</sup>Al MAS NMR showed a large quadrupolar interaction of <sup>27</sup>Al nuclei. The cyclohexylamine molecules were orderly arranged between the layers, forming a bilayer, and its interlayer distance between the terminal oxygen atoms of the aluminium phosphate layers was considerable, ca. 11.7 Å. The NH<sub>2</sub> group of the OSDA was located close to O atoms of the layer surface with the interatomic distance <em>d</em>(N–O) of ca. 2.7–2.9 Å, suggesting the position of cyclohexylamine was stabilized by the hydrogen bonding of O···H–N.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of electrode materials based on heterojunctions shows a promising approach for enhancing electrochemical performance, offering the potential for future advancements in energy storage applications. This investigation, a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) matrix functioned as a supportive network, regulating the aggregation of cadmium stannate (Cd2SnO4) nanoparticles (NPs) thereby giving promising stability during electrochemical cycling. The optimized g-C3N4/Cd2SnO4 composite demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance, characterized by a high specific capacitance and improved cycling stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the composite revealed distinct crystalline phases of individual components, confirming the orthorhombic structure of the composite. The electrochemical charge storage performance of the synthesized electrode material has been evaluated in an aqueous acidic and gel-electrolyte (PVA/H2SO4) medium. The results indicate that among the prepared electrode materials, the g-C3N4/Cd2SnO4 sample exhibits the highest electrochemical capacitance of 601.20 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1. Even after 5000 charge-discharge cycles, the electrode maintained its cycling stability with 94.69 % capacitance retention. The performance of the g-C₃N₄/Cd2SnO4 electrode was further evaluated in a gel polymer electrolyte by assembling a symmetric capacitor for real-world application using a two-electrode system. The use of a gel electrolyte allowed the device to achieve an energy density of 48.81 Wh kg⁻1 and a power density of 250 W kg⁻1 within a voltage window of 1.0 V at an operating current density of 0.5 A g⁻1. Notably, the g-C₃N₄/Cd2SnO4 electrode demonstrated strong cycling stability in the gel electrolyte, maintaining performance for up to 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the symmetric device in the gel electrolyte exhibited excellent electrochemical stability across various bending angles, highlighting its potential for use as a flexible electrode in supercapacitors.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of graphitic carbon Nitride/Cd2SnO4 nanostructures for high-performance flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Waris , Sayfa Bano , Moha Suhail Chaudhary , Saima Sultana , Mahendra Yadav , Mohammad Zain Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of electrode materials based on heterojunctions shows a promising approach for enhancing electrochemical performance, offering the potential for future advancements in energy storage applications. This investigation, a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) matrix functioned as a supportive network, regulating the aggregation of cadmium stannate (Cd<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) thereby giving promising stability during electrochemical cycling. The optimized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Cd<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> composite demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance, characterized by a high specific capacitance and improved cycling stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the composite revealed distinct crystalline phases of individual components, confirming the orthorhombic structure of the composite. The electrochemical charge storage performance of the synthesized electrode material has been evaluated in an aqueous acidic and gel-electrolyte (PVA/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) medium. The results indicate that among the prepared electrode materials, the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Cd<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> sample exhibits the highest electrochemical capacitance of 601.20 Fg<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 Ag<sup>-1</sup>. Even after 5000 charge-discharge cycles, the electrode maintained its cycling stability with 94.69 % capacitance retention. The performance of the g-C₃N₄/Cd<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> electrode was further evaluated in a gel polymer electrolyte by assembling a symmetric capacitor for real-world application using a two-electrode system. The use of a gel electrolyte allowed the device to achieve an energy density of 48.81 Wh kg⁻<sup>1</sup> and a power density of 250 W kg⁻<sup>1</sup> within a voltage window of 1.0 V at an operating current density of 0.5 A g⁻<sup>1</sup>. Notably, the g-C₃N₄/Cd<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> electrode demonstrated strong cycling stability in the gel electrolyte, maintaining performance for up to 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the symmetric device in the gel electrolyte exhibited excellent electrochemical stability across various bending angles, highlighting its potential for use as a flexible electrode in supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107797
Usman Iliyasu , Mohamad Syazwan Mohd Sanusi , Nor Ezzaty Ahmad , M.S. Al-Buriahi , Hammam Abdurabu Thabit , M. Bature , Ngaram Suleman Modu
Fabrication of glass composition (60-x)B2O3+10WO3+15ZnO+15Pb3O4+xCdCO3, where x varied from 10, 20–30 mol%, have been synthesized via melt-quenching techniques. The effect of CdO was investigated on the optical, thermal, and radiation shielding properties using the Phy-X/PSD. The refractive index varied from 2.04 to 2.13 and the molar refractivity increased from 15.00 cm3/mol to 15.28 cm3/mol. The Fermi energy level decreased from 3.31 eV to 3.19 eV suggesting a p-type semiconductor behavior, with holes serving as the primary charge carriers. The Glass transition temperature (), crystallization temperature (), and melting temperature () improved with higher CdO levels. The photon shielding properties of the synthesized glasses were improved, as evidenced by an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient from 34.17 cm⁻1–43.42 cm⁻1, while the half-value thickness reduced from 0.020 cm to 0.016 cm at 0.05 MeV, upon incorporating 10 and 30 mol% of CdO. The radiation protection efficiency of all the studied glasses were approximately 100 % at energy between 0.05 and 0.1 MeV. The fast neutron removal cross-section has a maximum value of 0.130 cm−1 for sample containing 20 mol% CdO outperforming some standard neutron shielding materials. The combined optical, photon, and neutron shielding properties of these glasses highlight their potential as promising candidates for applications in optoelectronics and radiation shielding.
{"title":"Fabrication of Cd-modified Zn-Pb-W-borate glass for enhanced optical, thermal, and radiation attenuation","authors":"Usman Iliyasu , Mohamad Syazwan Mohd Sanusi , Nor Ezzaty Ahmad , M.S. Al-Buriahi , Hammam Abdurabu Thabit , M. Bature , Ngaram Suleman Modu","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fabrication of glass composition (60-<em>x</em>)B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+10WO<sub>3</sub>+15ZnO+15Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>+<em>x</em>CdCO<sub>3</sub>, where <em>x</em> varied from 10, 20–30 mol%, have been synthesized via melt-quenching techniques. The effect of CdO was investigated on the optical, thermal, and radiation shielding properties using the Phy-X/PSD. The refractive index varied from 2.04 to 2.13 and the molar refractivity increased from 15.00 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol to 15.28 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol. The Fermi energy level decreased from 3.31 eV to 3.19 eV suggesting a p-type semiconductor behavior, with holes serving as the primary charge carriers. The Glass transition temperature (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>g</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), crystallization temperature (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), and melting temperature (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) improved with higher CdO levels. The photon shielding properties of the synthesized glasses were improved, as evidenced by an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient from 34.17 cm⁻<sup>1</sup>–43.42 cm⁻<sup>1</sup>, while the half-value thickness reduced from 0.020 cm to 0.016 cm at 0.05 MeV, upon incorporating 10 and 30 mol% of CdO. The radiation protection efficiency of all the studied glasses were approximately 100 % at energy between 0.05 and 0.1 MeV. The fast neutron removal cross-section has a maximum value of 0.130 cm<sup>−1</sup> for sample containing 20 mol% CdO outperforming some standard neutron shielding materials. The combined optical, photon, and neutron shielding properties of these glasses highlight their potential as promising candidates for applications in optoelectronics and radiation shielding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107835
C. Rodrigues , J.G.M. Saraiva , A.P. Gonçalves , L. Peralta
Understanding the intricate effects of radiation at the microscale is pivotal for advancing cancer treatment strategies. This study focuses on the development of cutting-edge Al2O3-based passive dosimeters that are able to achieve microscale sensitivity and improve such description. Corundum (Al2O3) single crystals were grown isothermally with a Li2O–MoO3 flux system. Herein, we report the effects of flux composition, solute concentration, holding time and temperature on crystal quality, which directly impacts the detector's performance. Higher Li2O concentration and higher holding temperature improved crystal transparency. Lower solute concentration led to larger crystals. Holding time did not appear to have a significant impact on crystal size or quality. Using a 15 % mol Li2O – 85 % mol MoO3 flux system with 6 % mol of Al2O3 and a holding temperature of 1180 °C, highly transparent Al2O3 single crystals up to 5 mm in size can be grown. The grown crystals show promising features for future radiation detection applications.
{"title":"Systematic study on the quality of flux-grown Al2O3 single crystals for dosimetry applications","authors":"C. Rodrigues , J.G.M. Saraiva , A.P. Gonçalves , L. Peralta","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the intricate effects of radiation at the microscale is pivotal for advancing cancer treatment strategies. This study focuses on the development of cutting-edge Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based passive dosimeters that are able to achieve microscale sensitivity and improve such description. Corundum (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) single crystals were grown isothermally with a Li<sub>2</sub>O–MoO<sub>3</sub> flux system. Herein, we report the effects of flux composition, solute concentration, holding time and temperature on crystal quality, which directly impacts the detector's performance. Higher Li<sub>2</sub>O concentration and higher holding temperature improved crystal transparency. Lower solute concentration led to larger crystals. Holding time did not appear to have a significant impact on crystal size or quality. Using a 15 % mol Li<sub>2</sub>O – 85 % mol MoO<sub>3</sub> flux system with 6 % mol of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and a holding temperature of 1180 °C, highly transparent Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> single crystals up to 5 mm in size can be grown. The grown crystals show promising features for future radiation detection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107828
Tingting Yan, Dinghan Jin, Dongyang Xi, Lei Sun, Linan Liu, Han Li
NaHoGeO4 crystals were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The crystals had petal-like morphologies with dimensions of approximately 300 μm. The crystals displayed excellent luminescent properties, appearing yellow under natural light and pale red under UV light irradiation. Compared with solid-state synthesis method, these experiments require a shorter time and can be operated at a lower temperature. To assess the structural integrity of NaHoGeO4 and its luminescent characteristics under varying pressure conditions, a diamond anvil cell (DAC) was utilized to perform high-pressure Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic studies. The results of high-pressure PL spectroscopy demonstrated that NaHoGeO4 probably underwent a structural transformation into a new phase within 5.7–9.0 GPa. High-pressure Raman analysis indicated that notable alterations occurred throughout the assessed pressure spectrum, indicating that a phase transition took place. When the pressure was increased to approximately 15.0 GPa, the high-pressure phase of NaHoGeO4 (NaHoGeO4-HP) remained stable. Once the pressure was reduced, the spectra reverted to their initial forms, suggesting that the phase transition could be reversed. This study provides a new approach for the study of the luminescent properties of rare-earth germanate compounds, with significant potential for practical applications.
{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis and pressure-induced reversible phase transition of holmium germanate NaHoGeO4","authors":"Tingting Yan, Dinghan Jin, Dongyang Xi, Lei Sun, Linan Liu, Han Li","doi":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NaHoGeO<sub>4</sub> crystals were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The crystals had petal-like morphologies with dimensions of approximately 300 μm. The crystals displayed excellent luminescent properties, appearing yellow under natural light and pale red under UV light irradiation. Compared with solid-state synthesis method, these experiments require a shorter time and can be operated at a lower temperature. To assess the structural integrity of NaHoGeO<sub>4</sub> and its luminescent characteristics under varying pressure conditions, a diamond anvil cell (DAC) was utilized to perform high-pressure Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic studies. The results of high-pressure PL spectroscopy demonstrated that NaHoGeO<sub>4</sub> probably underwent a structural transformation into a new phase within 5.7–9.0 GPa. High-pressure Raman analysis indicated that notable alterations occurred throughout the assessed pressure spectrum, indicating that a phase transition took place. When the pressure was increased to approximately 15.0 GPa, the high-pressure phase of NaHoGeO<sub>4</sub> (NaHoGeO<sub>4</sub>-HP) remained stable. Once the pressure was reduced, the spectra reverted to their initial forms, suggesting that the phase transition could be reversed. This study provides a new approach for the study of the luminescent properties of rare-earth germanate compounds, with significant potential for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":432,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Sciences","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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