Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/icast.2006.313807
M. Hussain, M. Arsalan, M. Mehdi
Important objects in health database are patients, doctors, infrastructural facilities and health services. Nevertheless, all these objects have spatial dimensions and mutual interaction in their inheritance. The understanding of these dimensions and interactions are the key for health planning and management. For instance, these interactions may provide excellent means of analyzing epidemiological attributes, revealing spatial trends, dependencies and inter-relationships that would be more difficult to discover through conventional means. Moreover, it allows policy makers to easily visualize the problems in relation to the resources and prevailing needs. Spatial dimensions of health data give detailed and compelling answers to the difficult questions health service providers ask every day: Where is the disease coming from? How will it spread? Where is the nearest hospital? What is the fastest route for the ambulance? Where should we allocate our funding? In existing databases and systems of health management at public and private sectors in Pakistan no authenticated and specific spatial reference is available. However, in few cases, ambiguous and misleading references are there. Some isolated efforts are on the way to maintain such information as some private hospitals and companies maintain some data which is commercially available for pharmaceutical companies for marketing. The situation is getting worse due to rapidly increasing population and thus creating further gaps in health services demand. The spatial contexts in accurate format are vital for integrating health attributes in the form of geographical information system especially at micro scale. There are many potential users, but the major users will include national and provincial health departments, planning commissions, researchers etc. Undoubtedly, health objects database could be a huge and difficult task to manage. Nonetheless, in Pakistan precedence from national database and registration authority (NADRA) is a good example to handle the quantity. Patients are the most dynamic health objects to deal with this object data. It can be integrated using NADRA identity card or similar, which contains data strip readable digitally. This card may have personal information as well as the spatial origin.
{"title":"Role of GIS in Public Health Management in Pakistan","authors":"M. Hussain, M. Arsalan, M. Mehdi","doi":"10.1109/icast.2006.313807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icast.2006.313807","url":null,"abstract":"Important objects in health database are patients, doctors, infrastructural facilities and health services. Nevertheless, all these objects have spatial dimensions and mutual interaction in their inheritance. The understanding of these dimensions and interactions are the key for health planning and management. For instance, these interactions may provide excellent means of analyzing epidemiological attributes, revealing spatial trends, dependencies and inter-relationships that would be more difficult to discover through conventional means. Moreover, it allows policy makers to easily visualize the problems in relation to the resources and prevailing needs. Spatial dimensions of health data give detailed and compelling answers to the difficult questions health service providers ask every day: Where is the disease coming from? How will it spread? Where is the nearest hospital? What is the fastest route for the ambulance? Where should we allocate our funding? In existing databases and systems of health management at public and private sectors in Pakistan no authenticated and specific spatial reference is available. However, in few cases, ambiguous and misleading references are there. Some isolated efforts are on the way to maintain such information as some private hospitals and companies maintain some data which is commercially available for pharmaceutical companies for marketing. The situation is getting worse due to rapidly increasing population and thus creating further gaps in health services demand. The spatial contexts in accurate format are vital for integrating health attributes in the form of geographical information system especially at micro scale. There are many potential users, but the major users will include national and provincial health departments, planning commissions, researchers etc. Undoubtedly, health objects database could be a huge and difficult task to manage. Nonetheless, in Pakistan precedence from national database and registration authority (NADRA) is a good example to handle the quantity. Patients are the most dynamic health objects to deal with this object data. It can be integrated using NADRA identity card or similar, which contains data strip readable digitally. This card may have personal information as well as the spatial origin.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130331110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313798
M. Shibli
This paper presents an interpretation of space-time and modeling of space-time tri-dipoles, gravity field waves, and gravity carriers (the gravitons). The approach in this proposed paper is based on geometric modeling of space-time as a phase fluid and the momentum generated by the time. In this modeling, the time is considered as a mechanical variable along with other variables and treated on an equal footing. This model suggests that the space-time has a polarity and is composed of dipoles which are responsible for forming the orbits and storing the space-time energy-momentum. The tri-dipoles can be unified into a solo space-time dipole with an angle of 45 degrees. Such a result shows that the space-time is not void, on the contrary, it is full of conserved and dynamic energy-momentum structure. Furthermore, the gravity field waves is modeled and assumed to be carried by the gravitons which move in the speed of light. The equivalent mass of the graviton is found to be equal to 0.707 of the equivalent mass of the light carrier (the photon). Such a result indicates that the lightest particle (up to the author's knowledge) in the nature is the graviton and has an equivalent mass equals to 2.5119 times 10-52 kg. Moreover, a micro space antenna is proposed to detect the gravity waves. Finally, simulation results are demonstrated to verify the analytical results.
{"title":"Physical Insight of Space-Time and Modeling of Space-Time Dipoles, Gravity Waves and Gravitons: A Micro Space Antenna to Detect the Nature of Gravity Field","authors":"M. Shibli","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313798","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an interpretation of space-time and modeling of space-time tri-dipoles, gravity field waves, and gravity carriers (the gravitons). The approach in this proposed paper is based on geometric modeling of space-time as a phase fluid and the momentum generated by the time. In this modeling, the time is considered as a mechanical variable along with other variables and treated on an equal footing. This model suggests that the space-time has a polarity and is composed of dipoles which are responsible for forming the orbits and storing the space-time energy-momentum. The tri-dipoles can be unified into a solo space-time dipole with an angle of 45 degrees. Such a result shows that the space-time is not void, on the contrary, it is full of conserved and dynamic energy-momentum structure. Furthermore, the gravity field waves is modeled and assumed to be carried by the gravitons which move in the speed of light. The equivalent mass of the graviton is found to be equal to 0.707 of the equivalent mass of the light carrier (the photon). Such a result indicates that the lightest particle (up to the author's knowledge) in the nature is the graviton and has an equivalent mass equals to 2.5119 times 10-52 kg. Moreover, a micro space antenna is proposed to detect the gravity waves. Finally, simulation results are demonstrated to verify the analytical results.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126369520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313816
A. Khanum, M. Shafiq
We present a new method for recognizing facial expressions for applications such as intelligent desktops. This system deals with different users in a profile based manner. Hence, response is specific to a particular user. The facial expression recognition module uses a case-based reasoning system for user-specific output. The results of our system become more and more accurate with learning over time as the system adapts itself to a particular user. In this paper we focus on the techniques utilized for embedding case based reasoning system for facial expression recognition.
{"title":"Facial Expression Recognition System using Case Based Reasoning","authors":"A. Khanum, M. Shafiq","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313816","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new method for recognizing facial expressions for applications such as intelligent desktops. This system deals with different users in a profile based manner. Hence, response is specific to a particular user. The facial expression recognition module uses a case-based reasoning system for user-specific output. The results of our system become more and more accurate with learning over time as the system adapts itself to a particular user. In this paper we focus on the techniques utilized for embedding case based reasoning system for facial expression recognition.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121516791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313808
S. M. Mayo, S. Shabih-ul-Hassan Zaidi
The study makes a comparative analysis of conventional master planning (CMP) practices with the intelligent master planning (IMP) approach. The intelligent master planning is a hybrid planning approach which tries to make use of as much technological advancement as possible, including the use of remotely sensed data collection techniques, geographic information system and other IT advancement, to name a few. In its comparative analysis of the CMP and IMP approaches to master planning, the study selects the on going master planning project in the earthquake afflicted town of Bagh in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The study explore that based on selected 14 assessment criterion the IMP approach proved more advantageous than the conventional master planning practices. Therefore, the study proposes the adoption of IMP as modular approach, as it is time-efficient, intelligent, detailed, and disaster-sensitive
{"title":"Assessing Potentials of RS and GIS based Intelligent Master Planning Approach against Conventional Master Planning Practices for Disaster Afflicted Difficult Areas: A Case Study of Bagh Town, Azad Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"S. M. Mayo, S. Shabih-ul-Hassan Zaidi","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313808","url":null,"abstract":"The study makes a comparative analysis of conventional master planning (CMP) practices with the intelligent master planning (IMP) approach. The intelligent master planning is a hybrid planning approach which tries to make use of as much technological advancement as possible, including the use of remotely sensed data collection techniques, geographic information system and other IT advancement, to name a few. In its comparative analysis of the CMP and IMP approaches to master planning, the study selects the on going master planning project in the earthquake afflicted town of Bagh in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The study explore that based on selected 14 assessment criterion the IMP approach proved more advantageous than the conventional master planning practices. Therefore, the study proposes the adoption of IMP as modular approach, as it is time-efficient, intelligent, detailed, and disaster-sensitive","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124769654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313811
A. Bakhsh, R. Kanwar
The spatio-temporal patterns of NO3-N leaching losses from a watershed is an outcome of the complex interaction among soil and landscape attributes, management practices and the changing climatic patterns from year to year. A long-term field study was conducted from 1993 through 2003 to investigate the impact of climate, soil and landscape attributes and management practices on the export of NO-N leaching losses from agricultural fields having subsurface drainage 'tile' systems. The study area is located at the Iowa State University's northeastern research center near Nashua, Iowa, USA, on the glacial till derived soils. The 36 field experimental plots, each of 0.4 ha in size, have been under various experimental treatments during the study period and each treatment was replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The field data collected on subsurface drainage and NO-N leaching losses were normalized on a yearly basis using median and interquartile range as the robust estimates to mean and standard deviation. The normalized data were used in cluster and discriminant analysis and building GIS data layers to determine the integrated effects of the soil and landscape attributes on spatial NO-N leaching losses clusters. The spatial clusters of subsurface drainage and NO-N leaching losses were correlated with soil type and digital terrain model (DTM) derived data layers of slope, aspect and curvature. The stepwise discriminant analysis identified the soil and curvature as the significant variables discriminating the subsurface drainage clusters. Similarly, the topographic attributes of elevation, slope, aspect and curvature contributed significantly in discriminating the NO-N leaching losses clusters. Map overlay of the identified soil and topographic data layers on NO-N leaching losses clusters showed the spatial relationships of the soil and topography of the area with NO-N leaching losses to the flow. The results of the study suggest that delineation of the spatial management zones across the watershed based on the soil and landscape attributes can promote long-term sustainability of the production agriculture
{"title":"GIS and Cluster Analysis of NO3-N Leaching Losses to Subsurface Drainage Water","authors":"A. Bakhsh, R. Kanwar","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313811","url":null,"abstract":"The spatio-temporal patterns of NO3-N leaching losses from a watershed is an outcome of the complex interaction among soil and landscape attributes, management practices and the changing climatic patterns from year to year. A long-term field study was conducted from 1993 through 2003 to investigate the impact of climate, soil and landscape attributes and management practices on the export of NO-N leaching losses from agricultural fields having subsurface drainage 'tile' systems. The study area is located at the Iowa State University's northeastern research center near Nashua, Iowa, USA, on the glacial till derived soils. The 36 field experimental plots, each of 0.4 ha in size, have been under various experimental treatments during the study period and each treatment was replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The field data collected on subsurface drainage and NO-N leaching losses were normalized on a yearly basis using median and interquartile range as the robust estimates to mean and standard deviation. The normalized data were used in cluster and discriminant analysis and building GIS data layers to determine the integrated effects of the soil and landscape attributes on spatial NO-N leaching losses clusters. The spatial clusters of subsurface drainage and NO-N leaching losses were correlated with soil type and digital terrain model (DTM) derived data layers of slope, aspect and curvature. The stepwise discriminant analysis identified the soil and curvature as the significant variables discriminating the subsurface drainage clusters. Similarly, the topographic attributes of elevation, slope, aspect and curvature contributed significantly in discriminating the NO-N leaching losses clusters. Map overlay of the identified soil and topographic data layers on NO-N leaching losses clusters showed the spatial relationships of the soil and topography of the area with NO-N leaching losses to the flow. The results of the study suggest that delineation of the spatial management zones across the watershed based on the soil and landscape attributes can promote long-term sustainability of the production agriculture","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130429651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313799
A. Naveed, M. Choudhry, I. Qureshi, T. A. Cheema
The blind channel equalization techniques especially based on second order statistics equalize the channel output symbols up to an unknown unit norm rotation constant. In this work we present a simple technique which limits this phase constant to take one of the only two possible values. The proposed scheme is valid for the real channels.
{"title":"On Phase Ambiguity of Real Channels: Blind Channel Equalization Using Second Order Statistics","authors":"A. Naveed, M. Choudhry, I. Qureshi, T. A. Cheema","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313799","url":null,"abstract":"The blind channel equalization techniques especially based on second order statistics equalize the channel output symbols up to an unknown unit norm rotation constant. In this work we present a simple technique which limits this phase constant to take one of the only two possible values. The proposed scheme is valid for the real channels.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130889623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313803
A. Zaidi, M. Suddle
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), involving satellites, ground reference station infrastructure and user equipment to determine positions anywhere on earth, have revolutionized the mapping, surveying and tracking industry. These systems allow small electronic devices to determine their location (longitude, latitude and altitude) in within a few meters using time signals transmitted along a line of sight from orbiting satellites. The past decade has seen tremendous growth in the use of these systems across many areas of the society. Among the currently used GNSS, the global positioning system (GPS) from the USA is the only fully operational satellite navigation system. Russia also operates its GNSS called GLONASS, which will become fully operational by 2010. Fueling growth in the coming decade, several next generation GNSS (Galileo, GLONASS, Enhanced GPS etc) are currently being developed. In this paper we present a survey of what technological improvements will these next generation GNSS incorporate in order to deliver better accuracy, reliability and availability to the spatial information industry
{"title":"Global Navigation Satellite Systems: A Survey","authors":"A. Zaidi, M. Suddle","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313803","url":null,"abstract":"Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), involving satellites, ground reference station infrastructure and user equipment to determine positions anywhere on earth, have revolutionized the mapping, surveying and tracking industry. These systems allow small electronic devices to determine their location (longitude, latitude and altitude) in within a few meters using time signals transmitted along a line of sight from orbiting satellites. The past decade has seen tremendous growth in the use of these systems across many areas of the society. Among the currently used GNSS, the global positioning system (GPS) from the USA is the only fully operational satellite navigation system. Russia also operates its GNSS called GLONASS, which will become fully operational by 2010. Fueling growth in the coming decade, several next generation GNSS (Galileo, GLONASS, Enhanced GPS etc) are currently being developed. In this paper we present a survey of what technological improvements will these next generation GNSS incorporate in order to deliver better accuracy, reliability and availability to the spatial information industry","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134439262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313819
S. Beerens
Disaster management has over the past couple of years experienced a major paradigm shift from hazard assessment that causes disasters once they have occurred to mitigating the effects of hazards by means of disaster risk assessment. Geo-information science particularly earth observation-based information plays an important role in all phases of disaster management. To become sustainable, however, disaster management requires: a) a proper institutional setting, b) appropriate geo-information and communication technology and c) comprehensive capacity building component constituting three interlinked cornerstones. The School for Disaster Geo-Information Management at ITC implements such a comprehensive capacity building programme in the framework of a joint United Nations University-ITC effort, comprising education and training, research and advisory services.
{"title":"Facing Disasters with Geo-Information and Earth Observation-The UNU-ITC Programme for Disaster Geo-Information Management","authors":"S. Beerens","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313819","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster management has over the past couple of years experienced a major paradigm shift from hazard assessment that causes disasters once they have occurred to mitigating the effects of hazards by means of disaster risk assessment. Geo-information science particularly earth observation-based information plays an important role in all phases of disaster management. To become sustainable, however, disaster management requires: a) a proper institutional setting, b) appropriate geo-information and communication technology and c) comprehensive capacity building component constituting three interlinked cornerstones. The School for Disaster Geo-Information Management at ITC implements such a comprehensive capacity building programme in the framework of a joint United Nations University-ITC effort, comprising education and training, research and advisory services.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129922644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313820
F. Arif, M. Akbar, A. Wu
High resolution satellite images are prone to geometric distortions. To correct these, the process of geometric correction becomes vital. Only knowledge of satellite altitude, attitude, position and the information of the digital elevation model (DEM) will not be adequate for the geometric correction requirements. Therefore the authors designed an algorithm for removal of geometric distortions in satellite imagery. In that a new method of geo-referencing called pixel projection method was applied along with selection of precise ground control points (GCPs). In pixel projection method vertices of remotely sensed image is geo-located based on ancillary data. For precision of GCP least square method was used to cater for instrument bias. GCPs were selected from Google Earth's software. Though with that approach precise geo-referencing of satellite imagery was achieved and a level-1 image was successfully converted to level-3 geometrically corrected image. In this paper the authors carried out residual analysis of our new proposed method. In first step an image to image matching was performed and their MSE (mean square error) was calculated. In second step 8 points in the original image and geo-referenced images were identified and their MSE was calculated. It is observed that with new approach of geo-referencing more precise geo-referencing has been done and image is found to be accurately geometrically corrected
{"title":"Geometric Correction of High Resolution Satellite Imagery and its Residual Analysis","authors":"F. Arif, M. Akbar, A. Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313820","url":null,"abstract":"High resolution satellite images are prone to geometric distortions. To correct these, the process of geometric correction becomes vital. Only knowledge of satellite altitude, attitude, position and the information of the digital elevation model (DEM) will not be adequate for the geometric correction requirements. Therefore the authors designed an algorithm for removal of geometric distortions in satellite imagery. In that a new method of geo-referencing called pixel projection method was applied along with selection of precise ground control points (GCPs). In pixel projection method vertices of remotely sensed image is geo-located based on ancillary data. For precision of GCP least square method was used to cater for instrument bias. GCPs were selected from Google Earth's software. Though with that approach precise geo-referencing of satellite imagery was achieved and a level-1 image was successfully converted to level-3 geometrically corrected image. In this paper the authors carried out residual analysis of our new proposed method. In first step an image to image matching was performed and their MSE (mean square error) was calculated. In second step 8 points in the original image and geo-referenced images were identified and their MSE was calculated. It is observed that with new approach of geo-referencing more precise geo-referencing has been done and image is found to be accurately geometrically corrected","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116912272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313800
H. A. Mirza, M.M. Ahmed
A suitable use of the antenna array in the wireless communication system can result in improvement in the signal to interference ratio (SIR). SIR is in general function of antenna type, and the number of the antenna elements, angle of arrival and the polarization of the desired source. In this paper we take into consideration uniform linear array of dipole and cross dipole antenna and study the effect of different polarization and varying the number of elements on the SIR. A comparison between uniform linear array of dipole and cross dipole antenna shows that cross dipole antenna have better performance in terms of SIR and is more optimize in term of elements
{"title":"Interference Rejection Capability of Cross Dipole Antenna Array System","authors":"H. A. Mirza, M.M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313800","url":null,"abstract":"A suitable use of the antenna array in the wireless communication system can result in improvement in the signal to interference ratio (SIR). SIR is in general function of antenna type, and the number of the antenna elements, angle of arrival and the polarization of the desired source. In this paper we take into consideration uniform linear array of dipole and cross dipole antenna and study the effect of different polarization and varying the number of elements on the SIR. A comparison between uniform linear array of dipole and cross dipole antenna shows that cross dipole antenna have better performance in terms of SIR and is more optimize in term of elements","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123281352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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