Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313812
M. Iqbal, F. Sattar, M. Nawaz
Optimal route planning in mountainous areas is a challenging issue which requires scientific approaches and multiple criteria to be satisfied. Research identifies and evaluate the various criteria inevitable for route planning and presents a model of an automate route planning system using least cost approach. Linear features such as roads, railway, streams, and rivers have been considered as major obstacles in the course of pipeline. Reclassification of the criteria involved has been replaced by assigning the values to each hurdle using DSS (Decision Support System) approach to make the system simple, shorter and result oriented. Rank weighted method has been used to assign the weights to hurdles according to prioritization. GIS analysis incorporates the cost weighted distance function based upon cost weighted distance and cost weighted direction rasters which are further integrated with shortest path function. Topographic diversifications in mountainous areas require critical evaluation therefore slope data has been emphasized more and merged in the cost raster without assigning any Rank in criteria ranking method. Study area includes the typical mountainous terrain of Hattar, Haripur District, and Murree, Rawalpindi District, as the source and destination for pipeline route planning respectively. Result of the research is in the form of a prototype development for optimal route planning.
{"title":"Planning a Least Cost Gas Pipeline Route A GIS & SDSS Integration Approach","authors":"M. Iqbal, F. Sattar, M. Nawaz","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313812","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal route planning in mountainous areas is a challenging issue which requires scientific approaches and multiple criteria to be satisfied. Research identifies and evaluate the various criteria inevitable for route planning and presents a model of an automate route planning system using least cost approach. Linear features such as roads, railway, streams, and rivers have been considered as major obstacles in the course of pipeline. Reclassification of the criteria involved has been replaced by assigning the values to each hurdle using DSS (Decision Support System) approach to make the system simple, shorter and result oriented. Rank weighted method has been used to assign the weights to hurdles according to prioritization. GIS analysis incorporates the cost weighted distance function based upon cost weighted distance and cost weighted direction rasters which are further integrated with shortest path function. Topographic diversifications in mountainous areas require critical evaluation therefore slope data has been emphasized more and merged in the cost raster without assigning any Rank in criteria ranking method. Study area includes the typical mountainous terrain of Hattar, Haripur District, and Murree, Rawalpindi District, as the source and destination for pipeline route planning respectively. Result of the research is in the form of a prototype development for optimal route planning.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134585242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313806
M. Nawaz, F. Sattar
Hand use conflicts are the typical example of spatial conflicts. They are intrinsically complex and require a comprehensive approach to their solutions. It is necessary to get grips with the nature of their complexity to provide adequate support to deal with them. Development of land management plans through the participation of stakeholders is being appreciated and accepted as a requirement for the sustainable land use. However, the involvement of stakeholders (participatory approach) gives rise to many questions. Who are the stakeholders? How to identify them? How to empower them? How to lead them through the process of negotiation? How to collate their interests to resolve the conflicts? How to facilitate this process? etc. This paper is an endeavour to answer the questions relevant to the support and facility that can be provided for conflict resolution by using the suitable techniques and technology. The paper introduces the concept of GIS-based collaborative decision-making and presents a general model that is developed on the basis of decision theory to support the process of conflict resolution in the context of sustainable land use.
{"title":"GIS-Based Conceptual Framework for Consensus Mapping and Conflict Resolution to Support Sustainable Land Use","authors":"M. Nawaz, F. Sattar","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313806","url":null,"abstract":"Hand use conflicts are the typical example of spatial conflicts. They are intrinsically complex and require a comprehensive approach to their solutions. It is necessary to get grips with the nature of their complexity to provide adequate support to deal with them. Development of land management plans through the participation of stakeholders is being appreciated and accepted as a requirement for the sustainable land use. However, the involvement of stakeholders (participatory approach) gives rise to many questions. Who are the stakeholders? How to identify them? How to empower them? How to lead them through the process of negotiation? How to collate their interests to resolve the conflicts? How to facilitate this process? etc. This paper is an endeavour to answer the questions relevant to the support and facility that can be provided for conflict resolution by using the suitable techniques and technology. The paper introduces the concept of GIS-based collaborative decision-making and presents a general model that is developed on the basis of decision theory to support the process of conflict resolution in the context of sustainable land use.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132774751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313794
A.M. Qureshi, Moazzam Butt, Omar Khan
An increasing number of disasters (natural and man-made) with a large number of victims and significant social and economical losses are observed in the past few years. Although particular events can always be attributed to fate, it is improving the disaster management that have to contribute to decreasing damages and ensuring proper care for citizens in affected areas. Some of the lessons learned in the last several years give clear indications that the availability, management and presentation of geo-information play a critical role in disaster management. However, all the management techniques that are being developed are understood by, and confined to the intellectual community and hence lack mass participation. Awareness of the disasters is the only effective way in which one can bring about mass participation. Hence, any disaster management is successful only when the general public has some awareness about the disaster. In the design of such awareness program, intelligent mapping through analysis and data sharing also plays a very vital role. The analytical capabilities of GIS support all aspects of disaster management: planning, response and recovery, and records management. The proposed GIS based awareness program in this paper would improve the currently practiced disaster management programs and if implemented, would result in a proper dosage of awareness and caution to the general public, which in turn would help to cope with the dangerous activities of disasters in future.
{"title":"The Role of GIS and Public Awareness for Disaster Management","authors":"A.M. Qureshi, Moazzam Butt, Omar Khan","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313794","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of disasters (natural and man-made) with a large number of victims and significant social and economical losses are observed in the past few years. Although particular events can always be attributed to fate, it is improving the disaster management that have to contribute to decreasing damages and ensuring proper care for citizens in affected areas. Some of the lessons learned in the last several years give clear indications that the availability, management and presentation of geo-information play a critical role in disaster management. However, all the management techniques that are being developed are understood by, and confined to the intellectual community and hence lack mass participation. Awareness of the disasters is the only effective way in which one can bring about mass participation. Hence, any disaster management is successful only when the general public has some awareness about the disaster. In the design of such awareness program, intelligent mapping through analysis and data sharing also plays a very vital role. The analytical capabilities of GIS support all aspects of disaster management: planning, response and recovery, and records management. The proposed GIS based awareness program in this paper would improve the currently practiced disaster management programs and if implemented, would result in a proper dosage of awareness and caution to the general public, which in turn would help to cope with the dangerous activities of disasters in future.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128071156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313822
M. Usman, D. Armitage
This paper describes a method for utilizing reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) signals to form an image of targets within a region of interest. The principle is based upon a type of bi-static synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in which a matched filter technique is employed to perform the image reconstruction. This method relies upon the fact that each component of the received signal resulting from a reflection from an individual target is subjected to a unique chirp. A major challenge to be tackled is the appalling signal to noise ratio associated with the received reflected GPS signals. Another difficulty is the masking of the reflected signals by power in the tails of the autocorrelation function of the direct signals which cannot be totally suppressed. Moreover, the reconstruction method results in an undesirable point spread function (PSF) which seriously smears the reconstructed image. We simulate the entire GPS signal generation and image reconstruction process as faithfully as possible within the limitations of the available computational effort. We are able to demonstrate that a spatial resolution of the order of the LI wavelength (19 cm) is theoretically possible from realistic observation distances provided that sufficient coherent correlator integration time is allowed and that the direct signals can be sufficiently suppressed. For the rather simplified organization of targets within the simulation we are able to show that the image smeared by the PSF is able to be cleaned by means of a Wiener filter based deconvolution method.
{"title":"A Remote Imaging System Based on Reflected GPS Signals","authors":"M. Usman, D. Armitage","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313822","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method for utilizing reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) signals to form an image of targets within a region of interest. The principle is based upon a type of bi-static synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in which a matched filter technique is employed to perform the image reconstruction. This method relies upon the fact that each component of the received signal resulting from a reflection from an individual target is subjected to a unique chirp. A major challenge to be tackled is the appalling signal to noise ratio associated with the received reflected GPS signals. Another difficulty is the masking of the reflected signals by power in the tails of the autocorrelation function of the direct signals which cannot be totally suppressed. Moreover, the reconstruction method results in an undesirable point spread function (PSF) which seriously smears the reconstructed image. We simulate the entire GPS signal generation and image reconstruction process as faithfully as possible within the limitations of the available computational effort. We are able to demonstrate that a spatial resolution of the order of the LI wavelength (19 cm) is theoretically possible from realistic observation distances provided that sufficient coherent correlator integration time is allowed and that the direct signals can be sufficiently suppressed. For the rather simplified organization of targets within the simulation we are able to show that the image smeared by the PSF is able to be cleaned by means of a Wiener filter based deconvolution method.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115983921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313793
F. Mahmood, A. Asar, A. Mahmood
Organizations and individuals have been facing disasters globally and locally since hundreds of years. Increasing number of natural disasters has demonstrated the paramount importance of the natural hazards subject for the protection of environment and the citizens. Now more than ever, designing an efficient traffic system, moving vast amounts of helping goods quickly and safely across great distances is one of our most pressing needs. Satellite navigation systems are changing the way in which we travel from place to place whether by land, sea or air and whether in remote areas or through congested city streets. Global positioning system (GPS) and its role in advanced transportation projects is inseparable and become a synonym. The management and operations of vehicles and giving real-time information to users that will lead to cost-effective and satisfied service to passengers is possible nowadays using a GPS based vehicle navigation system and communication via remote sensing. This paper describes how the already developed fleet management and remote sensing technologies can be merged together to form an efficient disaster management system
{"title":"GPS and Remote Sensing for Emergency Vehicle Navigation and Communication","authors":"F. Mahmood, A. Asar, A. Mahmood","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313793","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations and individuals have been facing disasters globally and locally since hundreds of years. Increasing number of natural disasters has demonstrated the paramount importance of the natural hazards subject for the protection of environment and the citizens. Now more than ever, designing an efficient traffic system, moving vast amounts of helping goods quickly and safely across great distances is one of our most pressing needs. Satellite navigation systems are changing the way in which we travel from place to place whether by land, sea or air and whether in remote areas or through congested city streets. Global positioning system (GPS) and its role in advanced transportation projects is inseparable and become a synonym. The management and operations of vehicles and giving real-time information to users that will lead to cost-effective and satisfied service to passengers is possible nowadays using a GPS based vehicle navigation system and communication via remote sensing. This paper describes how the already developed fleet management and remote sensing technologies can be merged together to form an efficient disaster management system","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123726636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313826
S. Ahmed, H. Muhammad, Å. Sivertun
There is a tremendous amount of loss in terms of environmental degradation, health hazards and economic descend due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate the waste at the initial generation stages rather than going for a later option which is inconvenient and expensive as well. There has to be an appropriate planning for proper waste management by means of analysing the waste situation of the area. This paper deals with, how geographical information system can be used as a decision support tool for planning waste management. A model is designed for the case study area in an Indian city for the purpose of planning waste management. Waste management issues are considered to solve some of the present situation problems like proper allocation and relocation of waste bins, check for unsuitability and proximity convenience due to waste bins to the users. Proposal of recyclable waste bins for the required areas and future suggestions in this regard. The designed model has been implemented on the data prepared from the satellite images for the analysis. The results suggest some modification in the existing system which is expected to reduce the waste management workload to a certain extent
{"title":"Solid Waste Management Planning using GIS and Remote Sensing Technologies Case Study Aurangabad City, India","authors":"S. Ahmed, H. Muhammad, Å. Sivertun","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313826","url":null,"abstract":"There is a tremendous amount of loss in terms of environmental degradation, health hazards and economic descend due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate the waste at the initial generation stages rather than going for a later option which is inconvenient and expensive as well. There has to be an appropriate planning for proper waste management by means of analysing the waste situation of the area. This paper deals with, how geographical information system can be used as a decision support tool for planning waste management. A model is designed for the case study area in an Indian city for the purpose of planning waste management. Waste management issues are considered to solve some of the present situation problems like proper allocation and relocation of waste bins, check for unsuitability and proximity convenience due to waste bins to the users. Proposal of recyclable waste bins for the required areas and future suggestions in this regard. The designed model has been implemented on the data prepared from the satellite images for the analysis. The results suggest some modification in the existing system which is expected to reduce the waste management workload to a certain extent","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"51 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115977768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313805
P. Zhang, M. Yang, Y.D. Lu, Z.C. Wang
A launch condition optimization with genetic algorithm (GA) for spacecraft rendezvous is presented. Impulsive increment velocity at the ideal boost point on the initial trajectory can be obtained by Lambert's theorem and Keplerian equations. Relative to the centroid-time method, optimization methods for the launch condition by a standard genetic algorithm (SGA) and an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) are also considered. In these GA cases, the launch condition is encoded as a binary string, and a fitness function is constructed with the miss distance. Simulations with three degree-of-freedom models are designed, which consider perturbing force and the time-varying mass. The result shows that GAs can prominently reduce the miss distance comparing with the centroid-time method. Furthermore the AGA has more rapid astringency than SGA.
{"title":"Genetic Algorithm for Launch Condition Optimization of a Spacecraft","authors":"P. Zhang, M. Yang, Y.D. Lu, Z.C. Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313805","url":null,"abstract":"A launch condition optimization with genetic algorithm (GA) for spacecraft rendezvous is presented. Impulsive increment velocity at the ideal boost point on the initial trajectory can be obtained by Lambert's theorem and Keplerian equations. Relative to the centroid-time method, optimization methods for the launch condition by a standard genetic algorithm (SGA) and an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) are also considered. In these GA cases, the launch condition is encoded as a binary string, and a fitness function is constructed with the miss distance. Simulations with three degree-of-freedom models are designed, which consider perturbing force and the time-varying mass. The result shows that GAs can prominently reduce the miss distance comparing with the centroid-time method. Furthermore the AGA has more rapid astringency than SGA.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130461960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313788
V. Bondur, V. Smirnov
The results of the monitoring of the state of the ionosphere in the area of a strong earthquake in Pakistan (magnitude of 7,6), which occurred on 2005 8th October at 3:50:35.9 UTC are presented. The monitoring was conducted on the base of the satellite navigation system GPS data using GPS receivers for registration dual-frequency signals by several ground stations. The results of the monitoring performed 3-6 days prior to the coming earthquake revealed tendency to increase of maximum in electronic concentration and 1-3 days prior to the coming earthquake revealed significant (more than twice as much) decrease of the maximum value in electronic concentration at F2 layer of the ionosphere. The analysis of heliogeophysical situation, which carried out in the period of study showed that it was quiet. That is why observed changes in electronic concentration can be provoked by the impact of seismic activities in this region and they may be used as an earthquake precursor during the online monitoring of seismic hazard territories
{"title":"Seismoionospheric Variations during the Earthquake in Pakistan (September 2005) as a Precursor of Seismic Events","authors":"V. Bondur, V. Smirnov","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313788","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the monitoring of the state of the ionosphere in the area of a strong earthquake in Pakistan (magnitude of 7,6), which occurred on 2005 8th October at 3:50:35.9 UTC are presented. The monitoring was conducted on the base of the satellite navigation system GPS data using GPS receivers for registration dual-frequency signals by several ground stations. The results of the monitoring performed 3-6 days prior to the coming earthquake revealed tendency to increase of maximum in electronic concentration and 1-3 days prior to the coming earthquake revealed significant (more than twice as much) decrease of the maximum value in electronic concentration at F2 layer of the ionosphere. The analysis of heliogeophysical situation, which carried out in the period of study showed that it was quiet. That is why observed changes in electronic concentration can be provoked by the impact of seismic activities in this region and they may be used as an earthquake precursor during the online monitoring of seismic hazard territories","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127514207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313817
M. Arsalan, M. Mehdi, M. Hussain
For most of the city and regional planning applications, the traditional methods for the assessment of land cover/land use are labour-intensive, time consuming and expensive. Their credibility is often questionable especially in developing countries; (such as Pakistan), these data are quite insufficient and inconsistent. Nowadays in various parts of the world, satellite data have been successfully used for the appraisal and identification of different land use/land cover clusters. With the availability of first generation digital imageries like that of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT XS and PAN, it is possible to delineate precisely the boundaries of various clusters of land-cover and to calculate the areas from these boundaries. Effective assessment methods have been developed which involves sophisticated digital routines as well as visual interpretation. These quantifications are of interest to planners, decision makers and researchers. In this study, the former administrative unit `Karachi Division' is examined for the appraisal of land cover classification through the application of satellite imageries. PCI Geomatica is employed for image processing operations. It is observed without any doubts that satellite imageries are useful complement to conventional methods in urban analysis and development.
{"title":"A Regional Planning Application of Satellite Image Processing in Pakistan","authors":"M. Arsalan, M. Mehdi, M. Hussain","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313817","url":null,"abstract":"For most of the city and regional planning applications, the traditional methods for the assessment of land cover/land use are labour-intensive, time consuming and expensive. Their credibility is often questionable especially in developing countries; (such as Pakistan), these data are quite insufficient and inconsistent. Nowadays in various parts of the world, satellite data have been successfully used for the appraisal and identification of different land use/land cover clusters. With the availability of first generation digital imageries like that of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT XS and PAN, it is possible to delineate precisely the boundaries of various clusters of land-cover and to calculate the areas from these boundaries. Effective assessment methods have been developed which involves sophisticated digital routines as well as visual interpretation. These quantifications are of interest to planners, decision makers and researchers. In this study, the former administrative unit `Karachi Division' is examined for the appraisal of land cover classification through the application of satellite imageries. PCI Geomatica is employed for image processing operations. It is observed without any doubts that satellite imageries are useful complement to conventional methods in urban analysis and development.","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116987780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICAST.2006.313801
M.I. Ahmad, M.M. Ahmed, I. Shah
In this paper a numerical and analytical approach has been presented for the theoretical design and practical characterization of a wired cross cage dipole antenna. Using thin wire approximations a model for current distribution has been proposed that provides rapid solution convergence. Radiated far fields have been evolved using the current distribution which in result provides radiation intensity and gain. Based on the modeling, the antenna has been designed, using simulation tools, to determine the optimized values for wires in a cage, gain dependency over wires, cage diameter and end tilt angle (ETA) through number of experiments to achieve maximum gain and minimum deviation in the magnitude of impedance and phase of the cross cage dipole antenna. At the end of this paper practical results are presented through characterization of cross cage dipole antenna. A phasing line technique has been introduced to achieve a bandwidth of 17 MHz with a band center 51.5 MHz. The test results attained, i.e. 50 Omega characteristic impedance and nearly isotropic radiation pattern of the two models shows the certification of design results
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Cross Cage Dipole Antenna","authors":"M.I. Ahmad, M.M. Ahmed, I. Shah","doi":"10.1109/ICAST.2006.313801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAST.2006.313801","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a numerical and analytical approach has been presented for the theoretical design and practical characterization of a wired cross cage dipole antenna. Using thin wire approximations a model for current distribution has been proposed that provides rapid solution convergence. Radiated far fields have been evolved using the current distribution which in result provides radiation intensity and gain. Based on the modeling, the antenna has been designed, using simulation tools, to determine the optimized values for wires in a cage, gain dependency over wires, cage diameter and end tilt angle (ETA) through number of experiments to achieve maximum gain and minimum deviation in the magnitude of impedance and phase of the cross cage dipole antenna. At the end of this paper practical results are presented through characterization of cross cage dipole antenna. A phasing line technique has been introduced to achieve a bandwidth of 17 MHz with a band center 51.5 MHz. The test results attained, i.e. 50 Omega characteristic impedance and nearly isotropic radiation pattern of the two models shows the certification of design results","PeriodicalId":433021,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127890402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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