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ESG Rates Divergence on the Emerging Markets in the European Union 欧盟新兴市场的 ESG 评级差异
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0038
Diana Elena Vasiu
The growing emphasis on sustainability has led to a rise of ESG rating providers, but this expansion has brought challenges. ESG ratings are complex and can vary significantly between agencies, due to different scoring methods and non-standardized disclosures, making accurate assessments difficult. Moreover, investors and companies express limited confidence in the accuracy of these ratings. Regulatory developments aim to improve ESG disclosure and comparability, however, discrepancies in assessment criteria and rating methodologies persist. These aspects have led to the increasing concern of researchers from the academic field and professionals from the financial markets to identify how divergent are the ESG rates provided by various suppliers, what are the causes of this divergence, how do these influence the performance of companies and above all, how the negative effects of divergent ESG rates mitigated. Most researchers focused their attention on the aforementioned aspects on the developed financial markets from the USA or Europe, on the top companies or on the companies listed on the BRIC emerging markets. This article analyzes the divergence of ESG rates provided by three well-known rate-providers, for companies listed on emerging markets in Europe, contributing to increasing knowledge in this field.
对可持续发展的日益重视导致 ESG 评级提供商的增加,但这种扩张也带来了挑战。环境、社会和公司治理评级十分复杂,由于评分方法不同和披露信息非标准化,不同机构的评级结果可能大相径庭,因此很难进行准确评估。此外,投资者和公司对这些评级的准确性表示信心有限。监管的发展旨在改善环境、社会和公司治理信息的披露和可比性,但评估标准和评级方法的差异依然存在。这些方面导致学术领域的研究人员和金融市场的专业人士越来越关注以下问题:不同供应商提供的环境、社会和公司治理评级有多大差异;造成这种差异的原因是什么;这些差异如何影响公司的业绩;最重要的是,如何减轻环境、社会和公司治理评级差异的负面影响。大多数研究人员将上述方面的注意力集中在美国或欧洲的发达金融市场、顶级公司或金砖四国新兴市场的上市公司上。本文分析了三家知名评级提供商为欧洲新兴市场上市公司提供的环境、社会和公司治理评级的差异,为增加该领域的知识做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Behaviour 数字营销对消费者行为的影响
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0027
Oana Duralia
The use of communication techniques in marketing has become a fundamental component of effective marketing policy, representing an element of differentiation from the competition, which leads to obtaining, on the one hand, a competitive advantage, and on the other hand, to the consolidation of a long-term relationship with the consumer, ultimately determining their loyalty, with a notable effect on the financial outcomes of the organization. The selection of appropriate communication tools and channels, tailored to the interests of the targeted consumer segment requires a considerable effort on the part of marketers in the direction of deciphering consumer behaviour, understanding the influencing factors that shape it in the current economic and social climate, in which the use of digital technologies represents the most suitable means of initiating and conveying messages to consumers, as well as from consumers to the organization. The present study aims to emphasize the importance of using digital communication tools on the orientation of the purchase decision towards the products/services of an organization, without excluding, however, the need for an adequate use of traditional marketing communication tools. In the present article, the impact on consumer behaviour is analysed based on research from secondary data sources.
在市场营销中使用传播技术已成为有效市场营销政策的一个基本组成部分,它是区别于竞争对手的一个要素,一方面可以获得竞争优势,另一方面可以巩固与消费者的长期关系,最终决定他们的忠诚度,并对组织的财务结果产生显著影响。要根据目标消费群体的兴趣选择适当的传播工具和渠道,营销人员就必须付出大量努 力,以破译消费者行为,了解在当前经济和社会环境下形成消费者行为的影响因素,在这 种环境下,使用数字技术是启动和向消费者传达信息以及从消费者向组织传达信息的最合适 手段。本研究旨在强调使用数字通信工具对企业产品/服务购买决策导向的重要性,但也不排除充分使用传统营销通信工具的必要性。本文在二手数据研究的基础上,分析了对消费者行为的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and Classification of Corporate Fraud Based on the Literature and Investigated Cases in Romania 基于文献和罗马尼亚调查案例的公司欺诈分析与分类
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0031
Isabella Lucuţ Capraş, Monica Violeta Achim
Corporate fraud has become increasingly common and sophisticated in today’s complex economic world, and a variety of strategies for perpetrating fraud have arisen. Financial fraud has various negative implications in the corporate sector since it reduces efficiency and undermines confidence and loyalty among all stakeholders. In this context, the aim of this article is to identify the various types of corporate fraud by describing and categorizing them based on the motivation and purpose for which they are committed; additionally, different types of corporate financial crimes were examined in a case study for Romania. Data for this study were gathered from past research on the subject as well as other national databases on financial crime. Tax evasion, financial statement manipulation, and bankruptcy fraud to deceive financial data users are among the various types of fraud examined. Financial fraud in organizations is a continually changing topic. The findings suggest that corporate fraud must be prevented at multiple levels, including corporate governance, internal control and external regulation. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on corporate fraud and can be utilized as a resource by managers and regulators looking to better understand fraud and strengthen governance and internal control systems.
在当今复杂的经济世界中,企业欺诈已变得越来越普遍和复杂,各种欺诈策略也层出不穷。财务欺诈会降低效率,破坏所有利益相关者的信心和忠诚度,因此对企业部门有各种负面影响。在此背景下,本文旨在通过描述和分类各种类型的公司欺诈,并根据实施欺诈的动机和目的对其进行识别;此外,还在罗马尼亚的案例研究中对不同类型的公司财务犯罪进行了审查。本研究的数据收集自以往的相关研究以及其他国家的金融犯罪数据库。偷税漏税、篡改财务报表和欺骗财务数据用户的破产欺诈是研究的各种欺诈类型之一。组织中的财务欺诈是一个不断变化的话题。研究结果表明,必须从公司治理、内部控制和外部监管等多个层面预防公司欺诈。本研究为现有的企业欺诈知识体系做出了贡献,可作为管理者和监管者更好地了解欺诈、加强治理和内部控制系统的资源。
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引用次数: 0
Which Factors Help SMES’ Performance Recover Post-Pandemic? The Role of Learning Capability, Intellectual Capital, and Technological Innovation 哪些因素有助于中小企业在大流行后恢复业绩?学习能力、知识资本和技术创新的作用
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0026
Thi Hai-Ninh Do, Ngoc-Bich Do
SMEs are significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines how these variables interact to help SMEs recover and develop sustainably. The quantitative method is adopted in this paper. The research data was acquired from 450 SMEs in several industries in Vietnam. Research results show that learning capability improves intellectual capital and SMEs’ performance. Next, technological innovation moderated the link between learning capability, intellectual capital, and SMEs performance, suggesting that integration can improve SMEs’ recovery and resilience. Driven by research findings, SMEs should develop a learning culture and technological innovation to leverage performance during the turbulent circumstances of COVID-19. Furthermore, managers should invest in intellectual capital to support innovation during recovery and growth. Policymakers may help SMEs by encouraging learning organization, information sharing, and technology adoption. These measures can help SMEs thrive post-pandemic and revitalize local and global economies.
中小企业受到 COVID-19 大流行病的严重影响。本研究探讨了这些变量如何相互作用,以帮助中小企业恢复和可持续发展。本文采用定量方法。研究数据来自越南多个行业的 450 家中小企业。研究结果表明,学习能力提高了知识资本和中小企业的绩效。其次,技术创新调节了学习能力、知识资本和中小企业绩效之间的联系,表明整合可以提高中小企业的恢复能力和应变能力。在研究结论的推动下,中小企业应发展学习文化和技术创新,以在 COVID-19 的动荡环境中提高绩效。此外,管理者应投资于智力资本,以支持恢复和发展过程中的创新。政策制定者可以通过鼓励学习型组织、信息共享和技术采用来帮助中小企业。这些措施可以帮助中小企业在大流行后茁壮成长,并振兴当地和全球经济。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Sustainable Consumption: Quantitative Insights into Consumer Behaviour on Circular Food Products 实现可持续消费:消费者对循环食品行为的定量洞察
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0034
Cristina Maria Bătuşaru, Andreea Simina Porancea-Răulea, Alina Rădoiu, Ioana Raluca Sbârcea
The concept of Circular Food Products, focusing on sustainability and waste minimization throughout the production and consumption cycle, has garnered significant attention recently. This research aims to provide empirical insights into factors influencing consumer behaviour regarding sustainability in the food industry. Using quantitative analysis techniques such as the questionnaire to measure attitudes, preferences and behaviours among consumers, and employing structural modeling for the collected data, the study yields important findings that advance knowledge in sustainable food consumption. These findings promote environmentally friendly and socially responsible practices within the food industry and among consumers. One key finding is the low level of consumer awareness about circular food products and their benefits. Perceptions varied, with some viewing these products as innovative and eco-friendly, while others considered them inferior to conventional products. This suggests the need for effective marketing campaigns to shape consumer awareness and perception of circular food products. Additionally, the research highlighted varying levels of awareness regarding the environmental impact of food production and consumption, with some consumers demonstrating strong concern for sustainability.These insights underscore the importance of targeted marketing and education to enhance consumer understanding and acceptance of circular food products, ultimately supporting the shift towards more sustainable consumption patterns.
循环食品的概念侧重于整个生产和消费周期的可持续发展和废物最小化,最近引起了广泛关注。本研究旨在通过实证分析,深入了解影响消费者在食品行业可持续性方面行为的因素。本研究采用问卷调查等定量分析技术来衡量消费者的态度、偏好和行为,并对收集到的数据进行结构建模,从而得出重要发现,推动可持续食品消费知识的发展。这些发现促进了食品行业和消费者采取对环境友好和对社会负责的做法。一个重要发现是,消费者对循环型食品及其益处的认识水平较低。人们的看法各不相同,有些人认为这些产品具有创新性和环保性,而另一些人则认为它们不如传统产品。这表明,需要开展有效的营销活动,提高消费者对循环食品的认识和看法。此外,研究还强调了消费者对食品生产和消费对环境影响的不同认识水平,一些消费者对可持续发展表现出强烈的关注。这些见解强调了有针对性的营销和教育对提高消费者对循环食品的理解和接受度的重要性,最终支持向更可持续的消费模式转变。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic Investigation of the Influence of Religion on Business Management: A Bibliometric Approach 宗教对企业管理影响的系统调查:文献计量学方法
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0021
Kamer-Ainur Aivaz, Iustin Cornel Petre
In the dynamic context of modern business, the role of religion in business management is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers and practitioners. Religion, seen as a set of spiritual beliefs and practices, deeply shapes people’s values, behaviors, and decisions, thus impacting the way organizations are managed. Using bibliometric analysis allowed us to identify research trends, the links between the keywords underlying the selected studies, and the impact of the publications on the business environment. The study revealed that religious values can shape ethical behavior, leadership styles, and corporate social responsibility in business. Most studies focus on the influences of Islamic, Catholic, and Protestant religions, leaving a significant gap in understanding how orthodox values and practices influence organizational behavior and business ethics, even though this is the dominant religion in many Eastern and South-Eastern European countries. For a more comprehensive perspective, future research should include case studies and surveys in these geographical and cultural regions, combining qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. This study provides a robust basis for future research, stimulating reflection on how religious values can shape the business landscape in the 21st century.
在现代商业的动态背景下,宗教在商业管理中的作用日益引起研究人员和从业人员的关注。宗教被视为一系列精神信仰和实践,深刻影响着人们的价值观、行为和决策,从而影响着组织的管理方式。通过文献计量分析,我们确定了研究趋势、所选研究的关键词之间的联系以及出版物对商业环境的影响。研究表明,宗教价值观可以塑造企业的道德行为、领导风格和企业社会责任。大多数研究侧重于伊斯兰教、天主教和新教的影响,在了解正统价值观和实践如何影响组织行为和商业道德方面留下了巨大的空白,尽管在许多东欧和东南欧国家,正统宗教是占主导地位的宗教。为获得更全面的视角,未来的研究应包括在这些地理和文化区域开展案例研究和调查,并结合定性和定量数据分析方法。本研究为今后的研究奠定了坚实的基础,激发了人们对宗教价值观如何塑造 21 世纪商业格局的思考。
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引用次数: 0
Financial Outcomes of the Locus of Control: PLS-SEM Evidence from Croatia 控制权的财务结果:克罗地亚的 PLS-SEM 证据
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0030
Ana Kundid Novokmet, Marija Vuković
Raising importance of personality traits within the financial decision-making literature inspired us to conduct a research with locus of control in the main role for achieving financial benefits in personal finance. PLS-SEM analysis was adopted using the data set of 130 Croatian citizens who took part in a questionnaire survey. We confirmed that external locus of control is detrimental to self-control, which afterwards reflects in personal finance management. To be more precise, people with less developed self-control are more prone towards compulsive buying, materialism and indebtedness. Personality traits such as locus of control are usually stable among adults. Thus, mainly self-control can be exercised and improved. That is the key message of this article for external people and various providers of financial literacy programs – change is possible and manageable principally via practicing self-control. Nevertheless, the subsequent studies could offer a more detailed insight into the interplays between locus of control, financial literacy, self-control and financial outcomes.
在财务决策文献中,人格特质的重要性日益凸显,这促使我们开展了一项研究,探讨在实现个人财务利益方面起主要作用的控制力。我们利用参加问卷调查的 130 名克罗地亚公民的数据集进行了 PLS-SEM 分析。我们证实,外部控制感不利于自我控制,这随后反映在个人财务管理中。更确切地说,自我控制能力较差的人更容易出现强迫性购买、物质主义和负债。成人的人格特质(如控制感)通常是稳定的。因此,自控力主要是可以锻炼和提高的。这就是本文向外界人士和各种金融知识课程提供者传达的关键信息--主要通过练习自我控制,改变是可能的,也是可控的。不过,后续的研究可以更详细地揭示控制源、财务知识、自我控制和财务结果之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Personal and Reactive Anxiety on Personality Characteristics, Cognitive Abilities and Performance of Basketball Actions 个人焦虑和反应性焦虑对人格特征、认知能力和篮球动作表现的影响
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0037
Julian Vasilev, Ilko Iliev
The purpose of this paper is to establish the possible influence of personal and reactive anxiety on personality characteristics, cognitive abilities and performance of basketball actions of basketball players. An empirical study is conducted with basketball players (which are also students at University of Economics – Varna - UEV) in 2016, playing basketball at the Sports Club at the UEV. To establish the level of effectiveness of the students’ game actions, their performances in 9 meetings (10 units of observation) are recorded. ANOVA is used to determine differences in basketball performance measures for individuals with relatively high levels of anxiety and for individuals with relatively low levels of anxiety. One of the indicators is “personal anxiety” (Q6). Another indicator is available. It is “reactive anxiety” (Q7). PSPP is used to analyze the dataset. The ANOVA test shows that there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in Q21 “Countering a shelter with successful” for the examined two groups of basketball players. The practical significance of the results refers to the effectiveness of the educational and sports process of university students. The novelty of the paper refers to the analysis of personal characteristics of basketball players (such as anxiety) on their performance in action.
本文旨在确定个人焦虑和反应性焦虑对篮球运动员的个性特征、认知能力和篮球动作表现可能产生的影响。实证研究的对象是 2016 年在瓦尔纳经济大学体育俱乐部打篮球的篮球运动员(同时也是瓦尔纳经济大学的学生)。为了确定学生比赛行动的有效性水平,记录了他们在9次会议(10个观察单位)中的表现。方差分析用于确定焦虑水平相对较高的个体和焦虑水平相对较低的个体在篮球表现指标上的差异。其中一个指标是 "个人焦虑"(问题 6)。还有另一个指标。它是 "反应性焦虑"(Q7)。使用 PSPP 对数据集进行分析。方差分析检验表明,两组篮球运动员在 Q21 "成功反击掩护 "方面存在显著差异(p<0.05)。结果的实际意义在于大学生教育和体育过程的有效性。本文的新颖之处在于分析了篮球运动员的个人特征(如焦虑)对其行动表现的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Growth of E-Filing of Income Tax Returns in India: An In-Depth Examination of Growth and Comparative Analysis 探索印度电子申报所得税的发展:深入考察增长情况并进行比较分析
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0022
Virendra Amonkar, Rodrigues Filipe E Melo, Gajanan Haldankar, Shekhar Sawant
This research study aims to comprehensively examine and compare the growth of Electronic filing of returns associated with Income Tax in the 28 states of India. It examines the correlation between the states of India and the adoption of e-filing for income tax, aiming to understand variations in e-filing growth among large, medium, and small states.Using data from the department of Income Tax, this study analyzed E-filing trends spanning from 2011-12 to 2022-23. The states were categorized according to their population sizes. Data processing was performed in Microsoft Excel, and the statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis and various tests conducted in Jamovi software.The findings of this study reveal a consistent upward trend in E-filing of tax returns across large, medium, and small states in India. Maharashtra distinguishes itself as the leading state in terms of performance among the large states, Punjab leads in the medium state category, and Goa excels among small states regarding adoption and use of E-filing of retuns.This research contributes value by offering a comprehensive analysis of E-filing trends within different state categories in India, providing a deeper understanding of the variations and significant differences among states in their adoption of electronic income tax filing methods.
本研究旨在全面考察和比较印度 28 个邦与所得税相关的电子申报增长情况。本研究利用所得税部提供的数据,分析了 2011-12 年至 2022-23 年的电子申报趋势。各州根据人口规模进行了分类。数据处理在 Microsoft Excel 中进行,统计分析包括描述性分析和在 Jamovi 软件中进行的各种测试。研究结果显示,印度大、中、小邦的电子报税呈持续上升趋势。在采用和使用电子报税方面,马哈拉施特拉邦在大邦中表现突出,旁遮普邦在中邦中处于领先地位,果阿在小邦中表现出色。这项研究通过对印度不同邦类别中的电子报税趋势进行全面分析,使人们更深入地了解各邦在采用电子所得税申报方法方面的差异和显著不同,从而为研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
EU Capacity to Bolster and Stimulate Research and Innovation: Who is the Leader in Development? 欧盟加强和激励研究与创新的能力:谁是发展的领导者?
IF 0.6 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2478/sbe-2024-0025
Cristina Criste, Ciel Bovary Man, Nicoleta-Claudia Moldovan, Raluca Răcătăian, Oana-Ramona Lobonţ
This study investigates the role of innovation in attaining economic growth and development in the 27 EU Member States (EU-27). Our analytical approach employs advanced panel data econometric methods, including an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and data mapping analysis. Additionally, an interactive approach to regulatory quality was introduced to evaluate its influence on economic development. The results suggest that innovation significantly impacts economic development in both the long and short term. Empirical evidence indicates that the quality of regulatory frameworks is a main factor in shaping economic development in both the long and short terms. The main findings imply the need for countries to align their strategies with the effective integration of digital technologies and sustained innovation and further substantially invest resources in R&D capabilities to ensure robust economic progress. Among the countries examined, Sweden, the Netherlands, Finland, and Denmark exhibited the highest levels of innovation. Some nations, with significant economic potential, such as Romania and Bulgaria, tend to underinvest in R&D.
本研究探讨了创新在欧盟 27 个成员国(EU-27)实现经济增长和发展中的作用。我们的分析方法采用了先进的面板数据计量经济学方法,包括自回归分布滞后(ARDL)模型和数据映射分析。此外,我们还引入了监管质量的互动方法,以评估其对经济发展的影响。结果表明,创新对经济发展的长期和短期影响都很大。经验证据表明,监管框架的质量是影响长期和短期经济发展的主要因素。主要研究结果表明,各国需要调整战略,有效整合数字技术和持续创新,并进一步在研发能力方面投入大量资源,以确保经济的强劲发展。在接受调查的国家中,瑞典、荷兰、芬兰和丹麦的创新水平最高。一些具有巨大经济潜力的国家,如罗马尼亚和保加利亚,往往在研发方面投资不足。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Studies in Business and Economics
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