Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2210412
Stephen G. Brooks
This book, written by University of Toronto political scientist Nelson Wiseman, chronicles a decade in the life of Canada. Based largely on newspaper accounts from the Globe and Mail, Wiseman weaves a meticulous account of politics and of the social, cultural, and economic factors affecting public affairs during the 1950s. “My study focusses on the what rather than the why of the happenings of the 1950s” (3), he writes. It would be hard to imagine, however, that one of the foremost Canadian political scientists of his generation could repress the urge to address, or even want to avoid addressing the “why?” of the events and developments that he recounts. And, indeed, analysis and explanation are offered throughout the book, most particularly in a concluding chapter in which Wiseman offers reflections on the significance of the decade as “a chapter in Canadian history and part of a larger historical plot” (174). But why the 1950s? Wiseman recognizes that this is a question that will immediately be asked and that requires an answer. His explanation is one that makes rather modest claims about the decade. “We cannot say of the 1950s,” he writes, “as we can of the 1940s and the 1960s, that they represented a turning point in Canadian or world history” (3). In defense of his choice, Wiseman observes that “studying the decade does contribute to illuminating some of the fault lines and axes around which Canadian politics and public affairs have always revolved” (3). The same may be said, however, about any decade of the 20 century. I think that Wiseman’s claims about the significance of the 1950s in the larger sweep of Canadian political history are too modest. It is true that the decade has neither inspired nor acquired a label, such as the Great Depression of the 1930s or the Swinging Sixties. Indeed, the 1950s are generally thought of, in both Canada and the United States, as a rather soporific decade, bookended by much more tumultuous and consequential times. “In the procession of Canadian history,” Wiseman writes, “the 1950s may be considered as both a tranquil decade in which little changed or an era of transformation and adaptation” (4, my emphasis). Readers of this book will find that the latter is the appropriate characterization. As I made my way through the year-by-year biography of this decade, I found myself thinking about Earle Birney’s 1948 poem, “Canada: Case History.” Birney portrays the country as,
这本书由多伦多大学政治学家尼尔森·怀斯曼撰写，记录了加拿大十年的生活。怀斯曼主要以《环球邮报》的报纸报道为基础，对20世纪50年代影响公共事务的政治、社会、文化和经济因素进行了细致的描述。他写道:“我的研究重点是20世纪50年代发生了什么，而不是为什么发生。”然而，很难想象，作为他那一代最重要的加拿大政治学家之一，他会抑制自己想要解决的冲动，甚至想要避免解决“为什么?”他所叙述的事件和发展。事实上，分析和解释贯穿全书，尤其是在最后一章，怀斯曼反思了这十年作为“加拿大历史上的一章和更大历史情节的一部分”的重要性(174)。但为什么是20世纪50年代?怀斯曼认识到，这是一个马上就会被问到的问题，需要一个答案。他对这十年的解释相当谦虚。他写道:“我们不能像说40年代和60年代那样说50年代是加拿大或世界历史的转折点”(3)。为了为自己的选择辩护，怀斯曼指出，“研究这十年确实有助于阐明加拿大政治和公共事务一直围绕着的一些断层线和轴线”(3)。然而，对于20世纪的任何一个十年，我们也可以说同样的话。我认为怀斯曼关于20世纪50年代在加拿大政治史上的重要性的说法过于谦虚。的确，这十年既没有像上世纪30年代的大萧条(Great Depression)或摇摆的60年代(Swinging sixty)那样受到启发，也没有获得一个标签。的确，在加拿大和美国，人们普遍认为20世纪50年代是一个相当令人昏昏欲睡的十年，其后是更加动荡和重要的时期。怀斯曼写道:“在加拿大的历史进程中，20世纪50年代可以被认为是一个平静的十年，几乎没有什么变化，或者是一个转型和适应的时代。”这本书的读者会发现后者是合适的描述。当我翻阅这十年的逐年传记时，我发现自己想起了厄尔·伯尼(Earle Birney) 1948年的诗《加拿大:个案历史》(Canada: Case History)。伯尼把这个国家描绘成，
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2199670
Yvon Grenier
ABSTRACT This article argues that to understand Canadian foreign policy toward Cuba, and specifically its quiet and reserved support for democratization in the island, one needs to examine the opportunities at both ends of the bilateral relationship; specifically, opportunities for democratization in Cuba, and opportunities to prioritize human rights and democratic values in Canadian foreign policy. The greater these opportunities, as is the case for bilateral relations with Venezuela and Nicaragua for instance, the greater the probability that a vigorous policy of democracy promotion will be adopted. Conversely, in the case of bilateral relations with Cuba, low opportunities make this option unlikely, although the article examines how that could change, in light of the recent protests of July 2021.
{"title":"Opportunities to Promote Human Rights and Democratic Norms Abroad: The Case of Canadian Foreign Policy Toward Cuba","authors":"Yvon Grenier","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2023.2199670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2199670","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article argues that to understand Canadian foreign policy toward Cuba, and specifically its quiet and reserved support for democratization in the island, one needs to examine the opportunities at both ends of the bilateral relationship; specifically, opportunities for democratization in Cuba, and opportunities to prioritize human rights and democratic values in Canadian foreign policy. The greater these opportunities, as is the case for bilateral relations with Venezuela and Nicaragua for instance, the greater the probability that a vigorous policy of democracy promotion will be adopted. Conversely, in the case of bilateral relations with Cuba, low opportunities make this option unlikely, although the article examines how that could change, in light of the recent protests of July 2021.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"218 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44081472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2231788
Stephanie D. Bangarth
bibliography for the work, or even of English’s works, would have better illustrated that point and would better serve a reader looking to get acquainted with his impressive oeuvre. Its absence—although no doubt the press’s decision—is a serious flaw. By not limiting itself to the traditional biographies of prime ministers and instead including the lives of lovers, lumberjacks, and Indigenous leaders, People, Politics, and Purpose represents an expansive approach to political biography and political history more generally. At a time when some historians are jettisoning the practice of biography due to the challenges of writing the lives of marginalized subjects, political biographers’ inclusion of the lives of those on the periphery of formal political power is a surprising but welcome development that bodes well for both the field and the discipline. A decade ago, English worried that fewer historians were willing to write political biographies. But this volume demonstrates that the field that he so carefully tended is still flourishing and that his former students and colleagues are purposefully peopling political history in creative new ways.
{"title":"Mass Capture: Chinese Head Tax and the Making of NonCitizens","authors":"Stephanie D. Bangarth","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2023.2231788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2231788","url":null,"abstract":"bibliography for the work, or even of English’s works, would have better illustrated that point and would better serve a reader looking to get acquainted with his impressive oeuvre. Its absence—although no doubt the press’s decision—is a serious flaw. By not limiting itself to the traditional biographies of prime ministers and instead including the lives of lovers, lumberjacks, and Indigenous leaders, People, Politics, and Purpose represents an expansive approach to political biography and political history more generally. At a time when some historians are jettisoning the practice of biography due to the challenges of writing the lives of marginalized subjects, political biographers’ inclusion of the lives of those on the periphery of formal political power is a surprising but welcome development that bodes well for both the field and the discipline. A decade ago, English worried that fewer historians were willing to write political biographies. But this volume demonstrates that the field that he so carefully tended is still flourishing and that his former students and colleagues are purposefully peopling political history in creative new ways.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"288 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42270650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2207703
Thomas Hodd
ABSTRACT New Brunswick poets have a history of looking to the United States for literary models. A recent example is Allan Cooper, the Alma, New Brunswick writer, editor, publisher, and translator, who since the late 1970s has spent much of his career emulating both the poetics and literary activities of the Minnesota poet, editor, and translator, Robert Bly. Not only did Cooper adopt Bly’s Deep Image poetics and the concept of the twofold consciousness: he also modeled the editorial policies for his creative-writing journal, Germination, on the editorial approach employed by Bly in his poetry magazine, The Fifties. Cooper also followed Bly’s example by performing translation as a means for improving his own poetic craft. Taken together, Cooper’s embrace of Bly as literary mentor corresponds to the beginnings of a larger shift away from Canada’s entrenched cultural nationalism of the 1960s and 1970s toward more internationalist cultural interventions by the mid-1980s.
{"title":"Robert Bly in New Brunswick: The Cross-Border Poetics of Allan Cooper","authors":"Thomas Hodd","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2023.2207703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2207703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New Brunswick poets have a history of looking to the United States for literary models. A recent example is Allan Cooper, the Alma, New Brunswick writer, editor, publisher, and translator, who since the late 1970s has spent much of his career emulating both the poetics and literary activities of the Minnesota poet, editor, and translator, Robert Bly. Not only did Cooper adopt Bly’s Deep Image poetics and the concept of the twofold consciousness: he also modeled the editorial policies for his creative-writing journal, Germination, on the editorial approach employed by Bly in his poetry magazine, The Fifties. Cooper also followed Bly’s example by performing translation as a means for improving his own poetic craft. Taken together, Cooper’s embrace of Bly as literary mentor corresponds to the beginnings of a larger shift away from Canada’s entrenched cultural nationalism of the 1960s and 1970s toward more internationalist cultural interventions by the mid-1980s.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"192 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47730693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2195259
D. Béland, André Lecours
ABSTRACT Territorial and intergovernmental tensions are particularly strong in multinational federations like Canada. In this article, we study how Quebec has become an explicit model for Alberta in its own quest for greater autonomy and influence within the Canadian federation. After discussing the notion of strategic learning as it relates to different types of territorial politics (substate nationalism, regionalism, and jurisdictionalism), the article explores three instances of explicit political borrowing from Quebec in contemporary Alberta politics: 1) public statements by provincial leaders advocating increased provincial autonomy; 2) the use of a referendum as a tool to put pressure on the federal government to adopt positions and policies friendly to the Alberta government, as occurred in 2021 with the consultation on equalization; and 3) the development of an Alberta-centered federal party with a secessionist position to bolster the influence of the province in federal politics, as occurred with the Maverick Party.
{"title":"Nationalism, Regionalism, and Strategic Learning in Federal Systems: Drawing on the Quebec Model in Alberta","authors":"D. Béland, André Lecours","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2023.2195259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2195259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Territorial and intergovernmental tensions are particularly strong in multinational federations like Canada. In this article, we study how Quebec has become an explicit model for Alberta in its own quest for greater autonomy and influence within the Canadian federation. After discussing the notion of strategic learning as it relates to different types of territorial politics (substate nationalism, regionalism, and jurisdictionalism), the article explores three instances of explicit political borrowing from Quebec in contemporary Alberta politics: 1) public statements by provincial leaders advocating increased provincial autonomy; 2) the use of a referendum as a tool to put pressure on the federal government to adopt positions and policies friendly to the Alberta government, as occurred in 2021 with the consultation on equalization; and 3) the development of an Alberta-centered federal party with a secessionist position to bolster the influence of the province in federal politics, as occurred with the Maverick Party.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"156 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46985088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2210417
Y. Laberge
{"title":"Malraux au Québec. Propos et discours","authors":"Y. Laberge","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2023.2210417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2210417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"273 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48811415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2225942
Frédéric Rondeau, Stephen Hornsby
"In Memoriam: Dr. Raymond Pelletier (1942-2023)." American Review of Canadian Studies, 53(2), p. 155
纪念:雷蒙德·佩尔蒂埃博士(1942-2023)《美国加拿大研究评论》，53(2)，155页
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2220596
Kaylee G. Brink
ABSTRACT Indigenous-settler reconciliation seems to enjoy widespread support, yet progress has stalled. At the same time, multiculturalism, a concept that celebrates diversity and equality, is a point of pride for many Canadians. Should reconciliation not be included in Canada’s imagining of multiculturalism? This study aimed to analyze the possible relationship between symbols of Canadian multiculturalism and support for further reconciliation using responses to a representative survey of non-Indigenous Canadian adults (n = 5,203). Political affiliation, knowledge of residential schools, and demographic variables were also analyzed. Only one multicultural variable was a predictor of support for further reconciliation efforts, along with measures of political ideology, home language, and views on individual responsibility for reconciliation were meaningful. Components of individual identity are more influential in reconciliation support than the collective (multicultural) identity. This contrasts many claims by citizens and the federal government alike, that multiculturalism is an important part of Canadian identity. The study revealed that while multiculturalism is a touchstone of Canadian identity and pride, it may have a minimal role in reconciliation, positive or negative.
{"title":"Canadian Multiculturalism, Identity, and Reconciliation: Evidence from a National Survey","authors":"Kaylee G. Brink","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2023.2220596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2220596","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indigenous-settler reconciliation seems to enjoy widespread support, yet progress has stalled. At the same time, multiculturalism, a concept that celebrates diversity and equality, is a point of pride for many Canadians. Should reconciliation not be included in Canada’s imagining of multiculturalism? This study aimed to analyze the possible relationship between symbols of Canadian multiculturalism and support for further reconciliation using responses to a representative survey of non-Indigenous Canadian adults (n = 5,203). Political affiliation, knowledge of residential schools, and demographic variables were also analyzed. Only one multicultural variable was a predictor of support for further reconciliation efforts, along with measures of political ideology, home language, and views on individual responsibility for reconciliation were meaningful. Components of individual identity are more influential in reconciliation support than the collective (multicultural) identity. This contrasts many claims by citizens and the federal government alike, that multiculturalism is an important part of Canadian identity. The study revealed that while multiculturalism is a touchstone of Canadian identity and pride, it may have a minimal role in reconciliation, positive or negative.","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"172 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44766911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2231784
Y. Laberge
{"title":"René Lévesque. Un homme et son siècle. Une anthologie de sa pensée politique sur les enjeux internationaux et la place du Québec dans le monde","authors":"Y. Laberge","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2023.2231784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2231784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"275 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48667693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2221084
Yvon Grenier
{"title":"A Cooperative Disagreement: Canada-United States Relations and Revolutionary Cuba, 1959-1993","authors":"Yvon Grenier","doi":"10.1080/02722011.2023.2221084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2221084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43336,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"291 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45276047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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