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The Power of Periphery: Political Agency and National Identity in North American Frontiers, 1867–1914 边缘的力量:1867-1914年北美边疆的政治机构与民族认同
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2221972
Soren Fanning
ABSTRACT Contrary to popular perception, local residents in the western frontiers of Canada and the United States in the late 19th century frequently possessed a large degree of agency and leverage vis-à-vis their respective national cores. Far from being the obedient periphery, frontier communities and their political leaders were able to use their profession of loyalty to the national identity to win concessions and secure autonomy from national governments and, when needed, beneficial intervention from them to support the interests of local residents.
摘要与普遍的看法相反,19世纪末,加拿大和美国西部边境的当地居民往往对各自的国家核心拥有很大程度的代理权和影响力。边境社区及其政治领导人非但不是顺从的外围国家,反而能够利用他们对国家身份的忠诚来赢得让步,从国家政府那里获得自治权,并在需要时从他们那里获得有益的干预,以支持当地居民的利益。
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引用次数: 0
Harper’s World: The Politicization of Canadian Foreign Policy (2006-2015) 哈珀世界:加拿大外交政策的政治化(2006-2015)
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2210416
Christopher J. Kukucha
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引用次数: 1
A Black American Missionary in Canada: The Life and Letters of Lewis Champion Chambers 一位在加拿大的美国黑人传教士:刘易斯·钱伯斯的生平与书信
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2212527
Dann J. Broyld
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引用次数: 1
Down with the Senate? Understanding Support for the Abolition of the Senate in Canada 对参议院不满?谅解支持废除加拿大参议院
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2204796
Marc-Antoine Rancourt, Axel Déry, William Poirier, Yannick Dufresne
ABSTRACT Various governments have debated the question of whether the Canadian Senate should be abolished or reformed since 1980, yet a solution has still not been found. While some advocate for a substantial reform of the institution, others propose to get rid of it completely. Drawing from the 2021 Canadian Election Study, this article explores the underlying value systems that shape opinions on the abolition of the Canadian Senate. The findings suggest that support for the abolition of the Canadian Senate should be understood as part of a set of populist attitudes, the extent of political interest, political knowledge, and party identification.
自1980年以来,各国政府就加拿大参议院是否应该被废除或改革的问题进行了辩论,但仍未找到解决方案。虽然一些人主张对该机构进行实质性改革,但另一些人则建议彻底废除它。本文借鉴2021年加拿大选举研究,探讨了影响废除加拿大参议院意见的潜在价值体系。调查结果表明,支持废除加拿大参议院应该被理解为一系列民粹主义态度、政治利益程度、政治知识和政党认同的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Truth and Conviction: Donald Marshall Jr. and the Mi’kmaw Quest for Justice 真相与信念:小唐纳德·马歇尔和米克莫人对正义的追求
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2210419
Simone Poliandri
compulsive repetitions” (219), Deshaye suggests that as early as the 1940s, the genre of the Western “is at a historical moment when a nascent postmodern mode is inclining it to parody” (220). His assertion that the “Smokey Carmain” stories “need to be read cultural-materialistically and serially ... to be recognized as parodies” (225) may also provide students of periodicals and popular seriality with a welcome opportunity to engage more deeply with the archive of Canadian pulps. Political or ethical concerns manifest themselves not only in the structure but also in the tone or style of The American Western in Canadian Literature. Associating, as he self-reflectively notes in the Introduction, “academic habits of ... ‘surveying’ and then ‘staking a claim’ to an ‘area of inquiry’” with settler colonialism and “extractive industries such as those for oil and gas” (33), Deshaye instead chooses to adopt a “more personal, public-facing, risk-taking, and energetic” voice (34-35). The result is a sprawling text—the book has no fewer than 377 pages of text, with each of the analytic chapters averaging between 40 and 50 pages—that may make some readers wish a little more pruning had taken place here and there. Yet if that is the price one must pay for a thoroughly engaged and meaningful text that also speaks to concerns beyond those of literary and cultural studies, then so be it. Considering what is at stake, it is a very small price indeed.
强迫性重复”(219),德沙耶认为,早在20世纪40年代,西部片类型“就处于一个历史时刻,一种新生的后现代模式使它倾向于模仿”(220)。他断言,“斯莫基·卡门”的故事“需要从文化唯物主义和连续的角度来阅读……被认为是拙劣的模仿”(225)也可能为期刊和流行连载的学生提供一个受欢迎的机会,让他们更深入地了解加拿大纸浆的档案。政治或伦理问题不仅体现在《加拿大文学中的美国西部》的结构上,而且体现在其语气或风格上。正如他在引言中自省地指出的那样,将“学术习惯……通过殖民者的殖民主义和“石油和天然气等采掘业”,对“调查区域”进行“调查”,然后“提出要求”(33),Deshaye选择了一种“更个人的、面向公众的、冒险的、充满活力的”声音(34-35)。其结果是,这本书的篇幅很长——不少于377页,每一章的分析平均在40到50页之间——这可能会让一些读者希望这里和那里有更多的精简。然而,如果这是一个人必须付出的代价,那就是要读一篇完全投入和有意义的文本,它还涉及文学和文化研究之外的问题,那就这样吧。考虑到其中的利害关系,这确实是一个非常小的代价。
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引用次数: 1
Weaponized History: The Underground Railroad’s Mythologized Legacy in Canada 武器化历史:加拿大地下铁路的神话遗产
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2172886
Deirdre McCorkindale
ABSTRACT The Underground Railroad remains a popular feature in Canadian narratives. However, public discourse on the subject does not often reach much further than presenting a story of weary enslaved persons finding their way to freedom and happiness in Canada. The communities that they built and who these enslaved persons were outside of their enslaved status is rarely discussed. This uncomplicated telling of history allows Canadians to hold their country up as a historical champion of human rights and use Underground Railroad communities to prove a track record of equality in Canada that misrepresents the historical record. This article discusses the nature of Canadians’ fixation on the Underground Railroad narrative and Canada’s historical uses for this romanticized mythology.
地下铁路在加拿大叙事中一直是一个很受欢迎的特征。然而,关于这一主题的公开讨论通常只是呈现一个疲惫的被奴役者在加拿大找到通往自由和幸福之路的故事。他们建立的社区以及这些被奴役的人在他们的奴隶地位之外是谁很少被讨论。这种简单的历史讲述让加拿大人将自己的国家标榜为人权的历史捍卫者,并利用地下铁路社区来证明加拿大的平等记录,这歪曲了历史记录。本文讨论了加拿大人对地下铁路叙事的迷恋的本质以及加拿大对这种浪漫化神话的历史用途。
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引用次数: 0
On Teaching Human Rights History in a Settler Colonial Context 论殖民者殖民地背景下的人权史教学
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2172885
L. Madokoro
ABSTRACT Based on several years of experience in teaching human rights history to undergraduate students in Canada, this article reflects on the challenges involved in imparting knowledge on this subject in a settler colonial context. It builds on examples gleaned from working with undergraduate students, from scholarship on the history of settler colonialism, as well as from Indigenous worldviews and epistemologies, to consider the ways in which the teaching of human rights history needs to evolve alongside and in dialogue with contemporary discussions about rights and justice. The article contends that given contemporary discussions around rights, which reveal the fragility of the liberal human rights framework, this is urgent and necessary work. It concludes by offerings ways of approaching student experiences, insider/outsider dynamics, and contemporary debates when teaching human rights history. The overall purpose of the article is to resituate the teaching of human rights history in a critical, self-reflective manner. In this way, the damaging implications of certain progress-oriented historical narratives centering on the idea and evolution of human rights can also be considered in pedagogical practices on the subject.
摘要基于加拿大几年来向本科生教授人权史的经验,本文反思了在定居者殖民背景下传授人权史知识所面临的挑战。它以与本科生合作、定居者殖民主义历史学术以及土著世界观和认识论中收集到的例子为基础,考虑人权史教学需要如何与当代关于权利和正义的讨论一起发展,并与之对话。文章认为,鉴于当代围绕权利的讨论揭示了自由人权框架的脆弱性,这是一项紧迫而必要的工作。最后,它提供了在教授人权史时处理学生经历、内部/外部动态和当代辩论的方法。本文的总体目的是以批判性的、自我反思的方式重新教授人权史。这样,在这一主题的教学实践中,也可以考虑到以人权思想和演变为中心的某些以进步为导向的历史叙事的破坏性影响。
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引用次数: 0
Shé:kon yónnhe ne Kayanerekó:wa tahnon ka’nikonhrí:yo; Rotinonhsyóni wa’ontateri’wanontonhse’ tsi yontatekwenyénhstha’ raotiríhwa, 1924–1977 The Great Law of Peace is Still Alive and Well; the Haudenosaunee Confederacy Asked Them to Respect Their Business, 1924–1977 Shé:kon yónnhe ne Kayanerekó:wa tahnon ka'nikonhrí:yo;Rotinonhsyóni wa'ontteri'wantonhse'tsi yonstatekwenyénhstha'raotiríhwa,1924–1977《伟大的和平法则依然存在》;1924年至1977年,豪德诺绍尼邦联要求他们尊重自己的事业
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2172889
E. McKenzie
ABSTRACT This article examines the non-linear and often backwards development of universal human rights for Indigenous peoples in twentieth-century North America. It criticizes the failure of international bodies dedicated to upholding the so-called universal human right to self-determination in the wake of a Canadian military coup at Six Nations of the Grand River in 1924. By assessing the legal grounds upon which the Haudenosaunee Confederacy has repeatedly argued the need for international intervention, to both the League of Nations and the United Nations, the article asserts that international law has perpetually denied the Confederacy equal nationhood status on the world stage, despite meeting all recognized (and quasi-legal) criteria.
本文考察了二十世纪北美原住民普遍人权的非线性和往往是倒退的发展。它批评了1924年加拿大在大河六国发生军事政变后,致力于维护所谓普遍人权的国际机构的失败。通过评估豪德诺索尼邦联一再向国际联盟和联合国提出需要进行国际干预的法律依据,该条断言,尽管符合所有公认的(准法律的)标准,但国际法一直否认邦联在世界舞台上享有平等的国家地位。
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引用次数: 0
Not Logic, but Experience: Teaching Canadian Human Rights Law 不是逻辑,而是经验:加拿大人权法教学
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2172884
Michael Lynk
ABSTRACT Teaching Canadian human rights law demands more than simply instructing law students on caselaw precedents, jurisprudential principles, and legislative developments, as important as learning about this legal framework is. It also requires the imparting of a human rights imagination to students. This involves a focus on the social environment that ultimately generates and shapes anti-discrimination laws, such as disparate living and working conditions, demonstrations and civil disobedience, new arguments about the meanings of equality and discrimination, and understanding the role of social science research. Human rights legal decisions, when written with empathy and lucidity, can become effective teaching tools not only in law classes but also in social science courses on human rights. Learning to understand and interpret the place of human rights through the leading rulings of courts and tribunals can offer instructive insights into the strengths, weaknesses, and potential of our contemporary approach toward protecting and enlarging human rights in Canada.
摘要加拿大人权法的教学不仅需要向法律学生简单地教授判例法先例、法理原则和立法发展,还需要向学生传授人权想象力。这涉及到关注最终产生和形成反歧视法律的社会环境,如不同的生活和工作条件、示威和公民抗命、关于平等和歧视含义的新论点,以及理解社会科学研究的作用。如果以同理心和清醒的态度撰写人权法律决定,不仅可以在法律课上,而且可以在人权社会科学课程中成为有效的教学工具。学习通过法院和法庭的主要裁决来理解和解释人权的地位,可以对我们当代保护和扩大加拿大人权的方法的优势、弱点和潜力提供有益的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to a Roundtable on Teaching Human Rights History 人权史教学圆桌会议介绍
IF 0.4 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2023.2172888
Nicolas G. Virtue
When participants in the Revisiting Human Rights workshop gathered at the London, Ontario campus of King’s University College in early May 2022, the atmosphere felt celebratory. For many of us, it was our first in-person conference since before the COVID-19 pandemic. But the workshop was also a celebration of the growth of human rights history as an academic field of inquiry and instruction. This growth is reflected in the newly launched Human Rights Studies program at King’s, where the workshop was held. This new co-disciplinary program was conceived to combine historical-political studies of human rights with philosophical-ethical and literary-cultural perspectives. In Ontario alone, ten universities now feature some form of interdisciplinary human rights program, with varying levels of historical content and expertise. In addition to these programs, an increasing number of history departments across Ontario now include faculty who research, publish, and teach on human rights. Despite this remarkable growth, the literature on teaching human rights history and the pedagogical networks between educators in the field are underdeveloped. Publications and online resources on Human Rights Education (HRE) tend to be geared toward primary and secondary education as opposed to university-level teaching or programming (Cargas and Mitoma 2019, 276). Given the focus of HRE on individual empowerment in the present and change in the future, its historical component has at times been minimized or relegated to mere background status. As a result, some human rights educators consider history to be an “optional” element of HRE (Mihr 2015, 537–40). Nonetheless, recent efforts to develop a critical pedagogy of human rights in higher education have acknowledged the important roles that historical approaches and content can play in critiquing and improving the modern human rights regime (Kingston 2018; Cargas 2019). Some publications have focused more specifically on the pedagogy of human rights history: a team of German and American educators have outlined an approach that seeks to integrate history learning and HRE in secondary, postsecondary, and public settings (Lücke et al. 2016); and The Routledge History of Human Rights concludes with a chapter on teaching human rights history in an American undergraduate classroom (Frazier 2019). Seeking to add to this emerging literature on the pedagogy of human rights history in a higher education context, this roundtable discussion offers a Canadian perspective. As part of the Revisiting Human Rights workshop, the Roundtable on Teaching Human
2022年5月初,当“重新审视人权”研讨会的参与者聚集在国王大学学院安大略省伦敦校区时,气氛充满了庆祝的气氛。对我们许多人来说,这是我们自COVID-19大流行之前以来的第一次面对面会议。但这次研讨会也是对人权史作为一个学术研究和教学领域的发展的庆祝。这种增长反映在国王学院新推出的人权研究项目上,研讨会就是在那里举行的。这个新的跨学科项目的设想是将人权的历史-政治研究与哲学-伦理和文学-文化观点结合起来。仅在安大略省,就有10所大学开设了某种形式的跨学科人权课程,其历史内容和专业知识水平各不相同。除了这些项目之外,安大略省越来越多的历史系现在都有研究、出版和教授人权的教师。尽管有这种显著的增长,关于人权历史教学的文献和该领域教育者之间的教学网络仍不发达。关于人权教育的出版物和在线资源往往面向中小学教育,而不是大学水平的教学或编程(Cargas and Mitoma 2019, 276)。鉴于人力资源管理的重点是当前的个人赋权和未来的变化,其历史成分有时被最小化或降级为纯粹的背景地位。因此,一些人权教育者认为历史是人类人权的“可选”要素(Mihr 2015, 537-40)。尽管如此,最近在高等教育中发展批判性人权教学法的努力已经认识到,历史方法和内容在批评和改进现代人权制度方面可以发挥重要作用(Kingston 2018;Cargas 2019)。一些出版物更具体地关注人权历史的教学法:一个由德国和美国教育家组成的团队概述了一种方法,旨在将历史学习和HRE整合到中学、高等教育和公共环境中(l cke et al. 2016);《劳特利奇人权史》最后有一章是关于在美国本科课堂上教授人权史的(弗雷泽2019)。为了在高等教育背景下增加人权历史教育学方面的新兴文献,这次圆桌讨论提供了一个加拿大的视角。作为重访人权讲习班的一部分,人权教育圆桌会议
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引用次数: 0
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American Review of Canadian Studies
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