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Social Factors Influencing Tobacco Consumption Among Adolescents in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria 影响尼日利亚阿夸伊博姆州 Ikot Ekpene 青少年烟草消费的社会因素
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2023.012
I. Bassey
The study examined social factors influencing tobacco consumption among adolescence in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. Specially, the study examined the role of family and peer group members on tobacco consumption among adolescence in Ikot Ekpene. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study (2245) covered three most populated secondary schools where most of the adolescents were found in cluster for easy sampling. Taro Yamane formula was used to select 340 sample size. The researcher adopted judgmental and cluster sampling techniques, while questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and percentage. The Hypotheses were tested with a multiple regression model. The descriptive statistics revealed that intake of tobacco products by parents and older siblings, tobacco products availability, exposure in the family and family orientation on consumption structure were the major family conditions that triggered adolescent tobacco consumption in Ikot Ekpene. Also, consumption of tobacco by classmates and gender; consumption of tobacco products by friends in school and consumption of tobacco products by age grade and peer group indices affect adolescence tobacco consumption in Ikot Ekpene. The study recommended that parents and guardians of adolescence should not indulge in tobacco consumption before their children and wards. This will help to streamline adolescence tobacco consumption.
本研究探讨了影响阿夸伊博姆州伊科特-埃克佩内青少年烟草消费的社会因素。特别是,该研究探讨了家庭和同龄群体成员对伊科特埃克佩内青少年烟草消费的影响。研究采用了调查研究设计。研究对象(2245 人)涵盖了人口最多的三所中学,为了便于抽样,大部分青少年都集中在这三所中学。山根太郎公式用于选择 340 个样本量。研究人员采用了判断抽样和聚类抽样技术,而问卷则是收集数据的主要工具。数据采用描述性统计方法进行分析,如平均值、频率和百分比。假设采用多元回归模型进行检验。描述性统计结果显示,父母和哥哥姐姐摄入烟草制品、烟草制品的可获得性、家庭中的烟草接触以及家庭对消费结构的引导是引发伊科特埃克佩内青少年烟草消费的主要家庭条件。此外,同学和性别对烟草消费的影响、学校朋友对烟草制品消费的影响以及年龄年级和同龄群体对烟草制品消费的影响也会影响伊科特埃克佩内青少年的烟草消费。研究建议,青少年的父母和监护人不应在子女和被监护人面前沉溺于烟草消费。这将有助于减少青少年的烟草消费。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility Study and Performance of Selected Small Sized Enterprises in Nigeria 尼日利亚部分小型企业的可行性研究和绩效
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2023.007
G. Agbele, O. Onoriode
Cassava farming industry is playing a very significant role in our economy today. The sustainability of the industry has equally become a thing of great concern by reasonable number of researchers all over the world and how the industry can have improved. Study has revealed that reasonable number of farmer has failed because they fail to carry out proper survey of the business before embarking on it. This study intends to ascertain whether there is relationship between feasibility study and cassava farming industry in Delta State with the aim of enhancing productivity. Two objectives and hypotheses were formulated respectively. A population of 75 farmers was selected across the state with 3 each from the 25 local governments that make up the state, and that has not put in less than 5years in the cassava farming industry. Random sampling was adopted for the selection. Instruments used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was checked for reliability using pilot survey method. 60copies of questionnaire were administered and a response rate of 92% (55) was obtained. The hypotheses were tested using regression method, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Statistical values of 0.755 and 0.773 for market/demand survey and environmental survey were obtained respectively at 5% (0.05) level of significance. Based on the analysis, there was significant relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study recommended among others that there should be sensitization and awareness campaign among cassava farmers on the need for feasibility study exercise before commencement of business operation.
木薯种植业在当今经济中发挥着非常重要的作用。木薯种植业的可持续发展同样成为全世界众多研究人员非常关注的问题,以及如何改善木薯种植业的问题。研究表明,相当数量的农民失败的原因是他们在开始经营之前没有对业务进行适当的调查。本研究旨在确定可行性研究与三角洲州木薯种植业之间是否存在关系,以提高生产率。研究分别提出了两个目标和假设。在全州范围内选取了 75 名农民,从组成该州的 25 个地方政府中各选取 3 名,他们从事木薯种植业的时间不低于 5 年。选择采用随机抽样的方式。数据收集工具为结构化问卷。采用试点调查法检查了问卷的可靠性。共发放问卷 60 份,回收率为 92%(55 份)。借助社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)第 23 版,使用回归法和皮尔逊积矩相关系数对假设进行了检验。在 5%(0.05)的显著性水平下,市场/需求调查和环境调查的统计值分别为 0.755 和 0.773。根据分析结果,因变量和自变量之间存在显著关系。研究建议,除其他外,应在木薯种植农中开展宣传和提高认识活动,使他们认识到在开始经营之前进行可行性研究的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Motivation and Staff Performance of Commercial Banks in Calabar Metropolis 卡拉巴尔市商业银行的激励与员工绩效
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2023.008
G. Etim, Joseph A. Anyadighibe, Emmanuel R. Awubi, Gift A. Essien
This research examines the effect of motivation on staff performance of commercial banks in Calabar Metropolis. The study objectives were to establish the effect of employee’s autonomy, growth path, and job benefits on staff performance. A cross sectional survey design was employed. A sample of 150 staff, were selected from population for the study. The data collected through field survey were presented and analyzed using multiple regression technique. Based on the findings it was revealed that, employee autonomy, growth path and job benefits had significant positive effect on staff performance of Commercial banks in Calabar Metropolis. It was concluded that, job performance and quality of service will improve in any organization that motivate its employees because motivation helps people towards achieving goals, gaining positive perspective, creating the power for change, building self-esteem and capability. It therefore recommends that, since staff performance increases when giving a free hand to work or to perform their duties, management of Commercial Banks in Calabar Metropolis should grant bank staff autonomy to improve their efficiency. Also, since growth path is the change that occurs among the staff due to their level of motivation in any establishment, the researcher recommends that, management should reward employees who meet or exceeds target with incentives in order to motivate them to do more as this will increase productivity. And also, job benefits increase staff performance, therefore, the researcher recommend that, appropriate reward should be accorded to staff as this will result in staff effectiveness.
本研究探讨了激励对卡拉巴尔市商业银行员工绩效的影响。研究目标是确定员工自主性、成长路径和工作福利对员工绩效的影响。研究采用了横断面调查设计。研究从人口中抽取了 150 名员工作为样本。通过实地调查收集的数据使用多元回归技术进行了展示和分析。研究结果表明,员工自主权、成长路径和工作福利对卡拉巴尔市商业银行的员工绩效有显著的积极影响。结论是,在任何激励员工的组织中,工作绩效和服务质量都会提高,因为激励有助于员工实现目标、获得积极的观点、创造变革的力量、建立自尊和能力。因此,建议卡拉巴尔市商业银行的管理层给予银行员工自主权,以提高他们的工作效率。此外,由于成长路径是员工因其在任何机构中的激励水平而发生的变化,研究人员建议,管理层应奖励达到或超过目标的员工,以激励他们做得更多,因为这将提高生产率。此外,工作福利也会提高员工的绩效,因此,研究人员建议,应给予员工适当的奖励,因为这将提高员工的工作效率。
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引用次数: 0
Local Government Reforms and the Changing Roles of Traditional Institutions in Nigeria 尼日利亚地方政府改革和传统机构作用的变化
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2023.004
Tusayi T. Zik, Isa Munkaila, Sani Kasimu
Of all the contesting issues in Nigeria today, the relevance of the traditional institutions in the modern administration is observed. Traditional institutions have been in existence as the demi-gods before the advent of capitalism, but gradually phased out with the coming of the white man and the subsequent local government reforms. It is in the light of the above that more light will be thrown to examine whether local government reforms have diminishing effect on the functions and relevance of the traditional institutions. The paper examines the role of traditional institutions with Nigeria democracy. The article contends that traditional institutions in today’s democracy are face majorly with the problem of constitutional recognition and not of relevance. Overtime, traditional institutions played a crucial role in the pre-colonial and colonial phases of Nigeria history. The study interrogates the contending perspectives of the Traditionalist and modernist school of thought as regards the position of traditional institutions in modern democracy. The study also examines the various means through which traditional institutions remain relevant in Nigeria democratic space by having considerable influence and play active role in the political administration and electoral process at of tiers of government. In conclusion, the study identified the various process through which traditional institution can contribute to the sustainability of democracy in Nigeria such as conflict resolution process, spread of development and democratic dividends and viable instrument for democratic peace.
在尼日利亚当今所有有争议的问题中,传统机构在现代管理中的相关性值得关注。在资本主义出现之前,传统机构一直作为半神而存在,但随着白人的到来以及随后的地方政府改革,传统机构逐渐被淘汰。鉴于上述情况,本文将进一步探讨地方政府改革是否会削弱传统机构的职能和相关性。本文探讨了传统机构在尼日利亚民主制度中的作用。文章认为,传统机构在当今的民主制度中面临的主要问题是宪法承认问题,而不是相关性问题。长期以来,传统机构在尼日利亚前殖民时期和殖民时期的历史上发挥了至关重要的作用。本研究对传统主义和现代主义学派关于传统机构在现代民主中的地位的争论观点进行了探讨。本研究还探讨了传统机构在尼日利亚民主空间中保持相关性的各种途径,它们在各级政府的政治管理和选举过程中具有相当大的影响力并发挥着积极作用。总之,本研究确定了传统机构可以为尼日利亚民主的可持续性做出贡献的各种过程,如解决冲突的过程、发展和民主红利的传播以及民主和平的可行工具。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Bank Liquidity on Lending Behaviour of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria (2006 - 2020) 银行流动性对尼日利亚存款货币银行(dmb)贷款行为的影响(2006 - 2020)
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2022.010
Ofonime O. JEREMIAH, Essien E. Akpanuko, I. Acha
The relevance of DMBs and their lending activities in Nigeria necessitates concern about the liquidity condition of these banks. This is particularly pertinent, given the spate of recurring unpalatable incidences in the Nigerian banking sub-sector even after the 2005 consolidation. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of bank liquidity on lending behaviour of DMBs in Nigeria. Twelve (12) listed DMBs were selected using the convenience sampling technique. The ex post facto research design was adopted and secondary data drawn from the sampled DMBs from 2006 to 2020 were used for analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results revealed that bank liquidity significantly influences lending behaviour of DMBs. However, the loan to total assets ratio was found to exert the highest relative influence on lending behaviour of DMBs. It was therefore recommended that DMBs should prioritize the maintenance of a dynamic loan to total assets ratio. Also the Central Bank of Nigeria and other regulatory bodies should be more proactive in ensuring DMBs’ liquidity and sustainability.
dmb及其在尼日利亚的贷款活动的相关性需要关注这些银行的流动性状况。考虑到即便是在2005年整合之后,尼日利亚银行业仍不断发生令人不快的事件,这一点尤为重要。本研究的目的是研究银行流动性对尼日利亚数字银行贷款行为的影响。采用方便抽样技术选择了12个所列DMBs。采用事后研究设计,利用2006 - 2020年抽样的DMBs的二次数据进行分析。采用描述性统计和回归分析对数据进行分析。结果显示,银行流动性显著影响银行的贷款行为。然而,我们发现贷款与总资产比率对银行贷款行为的相对影响最大。因此,建议管理银行应优先考虑维持一个动态的贷款与总资产的比率。此外,尼日利亚中央银行和其他监管机构应更加积极主动地确保dmb的流动性和可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Innovative Administration and Service Delivery for Sustainable Civil Service in Nigeria 尼日利亚可持续公务员制度的创新管理和服务提供
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2022.011
Atairet Clifford ATAIRET
Every government relies on its civil service for effective and efficient formulation and implementation of governmental policies/programmes. No nation can advance administratively and otherwise beyond the innovative capacity of its civil service who serves as the engine room. The absence of effective innovation hinders sustainability, effective and efficient service delivery in the civil service. The level of service delivery is a function of the innovative capability of the civil service. Innovation therefore remains very vital for the sustainability of the civil service. The focus of this paper is to assess how innovative administration has impacted on service delivery for sustainable civil service in Nigeria. Modernisation theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. The paper is qualitative in nature, relying on secondary sources of information. The findings indicate that there are innovative efforts in checking corruption and truancy in the civil service as well as commencement of digitalization processes for effective and efficient and sustainable service delivery. Also, civil servants are not properly rewarded to be innovative. Furthermore, civil servants sometimes find it difficult to adapt to changes occasioned by innovative ideas amongst others. Accordingly, the paper recommends that present digitalization process should be sustained. Also, civil servants should be encouraged and rewarded to be innovative. The introduction of every innovation should be properly communicated to civil servants before they are put to use.
每个政府都依靠公务员队伍有效和有效率地制订和执行政府政策/计划。没有一个国家能够在行政和其他方面超越其作为引擎的公务员制度的创新能力。缺乏有效的创新妨碍了公务员制度的可持续性、有效和高效率的服务提供。提供服务的水平取决于公务员的创新能力。因此,创新对于公务员制度的可持续性仍然至关重要。本文的重点是评估创新管理如何影响尼日利亚可持续公务员制度的服务提供。采用现代化理论作为理论框架。这篇论文本质上是定性的,依靠的是二手信息来源。调查结果显示,政府在打击公务员贪污和逃学方面作出了创新努力,并启动了数字化进程,以提供有效、高效和可持续的服务。此外,公务员的创新也没有得到适当的奖励。此外,公务员有时发现很难适应创新思想所引起的变化。因此,本文建议维持目前的数字化进程。此外,应该鼓励和奖励公务员的创新。每一项创新在投入使用之前,都应该与公务员进行适当的沟通。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of E-Marketing Platforms and Consumer Buying Behaviour of Akwa Ibom State University Students Towards Selected Online Products 电子营销平台的有效性和阿夸伊博姆州立大学学生对选定在线产品的消费者购买行为
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2022.001
Imoh C. UFORD, Imaeka I. CHARLES, Aniebiet J. Etuk
This study examined the effectiveness of e-marketing Platforms and buying behaviour of students at Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU) towards selected online products. It was carried out based on a paradigm shift in product positioning from conventional ways to online platforms. The study objectives were to determine the relationships between independent variables (Facebook usage, Instagram usage, and Twitter usage) and the buying behaviour of AKSU students. It employed a survey research technique to collect data from a sample of 384 to draw inferences on the total population of 9254 students. The data were collected through an online Microsoft link, and descriptive data were analyzed using frequency tables and simple percentages. The regression analysis in (SPSS Version 21) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings from the results revealed that all three null hypotheses were rejected. This implies that there is a significant relationship between Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter usage and buying behaviour of AKSU students. The authors recommended that; marketers on the Facebook platform should create Facebook groups in order to find a niche within their customers’ interests and also to give them a space to connect. Furthermore, marketers on the Instagram platform should endeavour to apply an attractive design on their advertised product with a simple and understandable description of the product in order to attract positive buying behavior among students. Finally, the study recommends marketers using the Twitter platform should endeavor to retweet their tweets at least every day in order to keep their online target audience updated with their products related tweets.
本研究考察了电子营销平台的有效性和阿夸伊博姆州立大学(AKSU)学生对选定在线产品的购买行为。它是基于产品定位从传统方式到在线平台的范式转变而进行的。研究目的是确定自变量(Facebook使用、Instagram使用和Twitter使用)与AKSU学生购买行为之间的关系。采用调查研究的方法,从384个样本中收集数据,得出9254名学生总数的推论。数据通过微软在线链接收集,描述性数据使用频率表和简单百分比进行分析。采用SPSS Version 21中的回归分析对假设进行检验。结果显示,三个零假设都被拒绝了。这意味着AKSU学生的Facebook, Instagram和Twitter使用与购买行为之间存在显著关系。作者建议;Facebook平台上的营销人员应该创建Facebook群组,以便找到符合客户兴趣的细分市场,并为他们提供联系的空间。此外,Instagram平台上的营销人员应该努力在他们的广告产品上应用一个有吸引力的设计,简单易懂的产品描述,以吸引学生的积极购买行为。最后,该研究建议使用Twitter平台的营销人员应该努力至少每天转发他们的推文,以便让他们的在线目标受众更新他们与产品相关的推文。
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引用次数: 1
Motives and Challenges Faced by Multinational Companies Entering the Haitian Market 跨国公司进入海地市场的动机与挑战
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2022.008
Junior Brevil, Chijioke C. NWACHUKWU, Shadrach Omofowa, Mary Shadrach OMOFOWA
Nowadays, many countries are setting up strategies allowing them to attract more Foreign Direct Investment. Besides, it becomes an obligation for any country to have a competitive economy for its development and its growth. Haiti as one of this category of country is very late in making necessary to attract foreign investments. Such situation contributes greatly to the poverty of the Haitian’s population. The main objective of this study is to explore the motives and challenges faced by multinational companies entering the Haitian manufacturing industry. To achieve the study objective, a rigorous methodology oriented towards the qualitative approach was employed. Structured interviewees were used in the data collection process. The study population was made up of employees of two companies located in the Northeast of Haiti. The data collected makes it possible to identify the main challenges such as: corruption, lack of skilled labor, complexity in negotiations with the authorities, complexity of the legal process, infrastructure problems, etc. New strategies should be implemented to create a stable and competitive business environment. However, other studies in the same field are encouraged with the aim of better studying the problem of Haiti’s attractiveness to make the proposals much more suitable.
如今,许多国家都在制定战略,以吸引更多的外国直接投资。此外,任何国家都有义务拥有一个有竞争力的经济,以促进其发展和增长。海地作为这一类国家之一,很晚才采取必要措施吸引外国投资。这种情况大大加剧了海地人民的贫困。本研究的主要目的是探讨跨国公司进入海地制造业的动机和面临的挑战。为了达到研究目标,采用了一种严格的定性方法。在数据收集过程中使用结构化受访者。研究对象是位于海地东北部的两家公司的雇员。收集到的数据使我们能够确定主要的挑战,例如:腐败、缺乏熟练劳动力、与当局谈判的复杂性、法律程序的复杂性、基础设施问题等。实施新战略,营造稳定竞争的营商环境。但是,鼓励在同一领域进行其他研究,目的是更好地研究海地的吸引力问题,使建议更加适合。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Poverty on Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria 贫困对尼日利亚可持续经济发展的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2022.005
Ime Okon Utuk
Poverty alleviation is today a principal yardstick for measuring sustainable development. The soundness of economic policy and quality of a countries institution ultimately can be seen by the extent to which they contribute to the alleviation of poverty and sustainable development. The impact of poverty on sustainable development in Nigeria is devastating. The inability of the poor people to harness the resources that will improve their living conditions has helped to dismantled their hopes of life. The unsustainable use of natural resources inevitably cause poverty. To solve the problem, policy must be focused on environmental policies and not poverty alleviation policies. In addition, environmental degradation can be caused by poverty. Hence, to resolve the problem, the first objective is to identify if it is indigenous poverty, then policies must be focused on environmental policies. On the other hand, if it is exogenous poverty, then poverty alleviation policies need to be formulated and implemented. Furthermore, for poverty to be reduced to a bare minimum the economy must be diversified to remove the overdependence on oil revenue. The greater Nigerian population practice agriculture, which in spite of its neglect, feeds the nation and contributes significantly to the nations GDP. Therefore, the necessary condition for the upliftment of the living standard of the masses of Nigerians is improvement in agricultural production
今天,减轻贫穷是衡量可持续发展的主要标准。经济政策的健全和一个国家机构的质量最终可以从它们对减轻贫穷和可持续发展作出贡献的程度上看出来。贫穷对尼日利亚可持续发展的影响是毁灭性的。穷人没有能力利用资源来改善他们的生活条件,这有助于摧毁他们的生活希望。不可持续地使用自然资源不可避免地造成贫困。要解决这个问题,政策必须侧重于环境政策,而不是扶贫政策。此外,贫穷也可能造成环境退化。因此,要解决这个问题,第一个目标是确定它是否是土著贫困,然后政策必须集中在环境政策上。另一方面,如果是外源性贫困,那么就需要制定和实施扶贫政策。此外,为了将贫穷减少到最低限度,经济必须多样化,以消除对石油收入的过度依赖。更多的尼日利亚人从事农业,尽管被忽视,但它养活了这个国家,并为国家的GDP做出了重大贡献。因此,提高尼日利亚人民生活水平的必要条件是农业生产的改善
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引用次数: 0
Critical Success Factors and Strategic Change Management in Selected Deposit Money Banks in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State 阿夸伊博姆州Uyo选定存款银行的关键成功因素和战略变革管理
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujomas.2022.007
Ubong Augustine AKPAETOR, Emmanuel Soludo MADUBUIKE
Strategic change is an integral part of contemporary business operation. In the Nigerian banking industry, strategic changes have occurred, which affected banks in different ways and magnitude. Surviving in such uncertain and turbulent periods would require careful and systematic implementation of critical success factors. As such, this study is an attempt to assess critical success factors and strategic change management in selected deposit money banks in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Two specific objectives were developed for the study, as well as two research questions and hypotheses. Survey research design was applied in the course of the study. The population of the study was 454 employees of the studied deposit money banks, while the sample size was 213 respondents as determined using Taro Yamane sample size determination technique. Structured questionnaire was used in eliciting the required primary data. A total of 213 copies of the questionnaire was administered, while 208 copies were returned in a useable form. Data analysis was done using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) analysis. Results from the analysis revealed that the studied variables showed positive and significant relationship with strategic change management in the selected deposit money banks in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. It was concluded that critical success factors have positive and significant relationship with strategic change management in the studied deposit money banks in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. On the evidence of these findings, it was recommended that top level managers in the studied deposit money banks should maintain the habit of supporting their employees during strategic change periods in the banks by giving them the necessary resources that is required to cope with the change; and the outcomes of strategic change should be communicated to the employees ahead of time regardless of the effects it will have on them.
战略变革是当代企业经营的重要组成部分。尼日利亚银行业发生了战略变革,对银行产生了不同程度的影响。在这种不确定和动荡的时期生存需要谨慎和系统地实施关键的成功因素。因此,本研究试图评估阿夸伊博姆州Uyo的选定存款银行的关键成功因素和战略变革管理。为本研究制定了两个具体目标,以及两个研究问题和假设。在研究过程中采用了调查研究设计。本研究的研究对象是被研究的储蓄银行的454名员工,而样本的大小是213名受访者,使用Taro Yamane样本大小确定技术确定。采用结构化问卷法获取所需的原始数据。总共发放了213份调查问卷,其中208份以可用形式返还。数据分析采用Pearson积差相关(PPMC)分析。分析结果表明,所研究的变量显示出积极的和显著的关系与战略变革管理在选定的存款银行在Uyo,阿夸伊博姆州。结论是,关键成功因素具有积极的和显著的关系与战略变革管理在研究存款银行在Uyo,阿夸伊博姆州。根据这些发现的证据,建议所研究的存款银行的高层管理人员应保持在银行战略变革期间支持员工的习惯,向他们提供应对变革所需的必要资源;战略变革的结果应该提前传达给员工,不管它会对他们产生什么影响。
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引用次数: 0
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AKSU Journal of Management Sciences
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