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Post-Pandemic Classroom Literacies 大流行后的课堂素养
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.20360/langandlit29658
Ronna Mosher, Kimberly Lenters, Gail M. Cormier
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引用次数: 0
“COVID has Brought Us Closer”: A Proleptic Approach to Understanding ESL Teachers’ Practices in Supporting ELLs In and After the Pandemic “COVID让我们更近了”:了解ESL教师在大流行期间和之后支持ELLs的做法的前瞻性方法
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.20360/langandlit29654
Guofang Li, Zhuo Sun
This paper uses “prolepsis,” a process of reaching into the past to inform present and future practices, to understand 12 English-as-a-second language (ESL) teachers’ practices of supporting English language learners (ELLs) through remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020-2021 in British Columbia and to envision some different current and future post-pandemic classroom literacies for diverse learners. Accounts of these ESL teachers’ synthetical moments of teaching and supporting ELLs during the pandemic suggest that they had to navigate “new” areas of teaching, including attending to students’ social-emotional learning (SEL), connecting with ELL parents, teaching and engaging students via technology-supported instruction, and co-teaching with mainstream teachers, on the basis of limited or no pre-pandemic experience. These insights suggest a need to widen the focus on ESL teachers’ knowledge and expertise in applied linguistics and instructional strategies to include classroom literacies in integrating SEL into ESL instruction, adopting interactive, student-driven instructional designs and practices afforded by multimodal technologies, maintaining multiple channels of communication with parents and students, and team-teaching with classroom teachers to provide tailored language support for ELLs.
本文使用“预言”(prolepsis),这是一个回顾过去、为现在和未来实践提供信息的过程,以了解2020-2021年不列颠哥伦比亚省2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,12名英语作为第二语言(ESL)教师通过远程教学支持英语学习者(ELLs)的做法,并为不同的学习者设想一些不同的当前和未来大流行后的课堂素养。对这些ESL教师在大流行期间教学和支持ELLs的综合时刻的描述表明,他们必须在“新的”教学领域进行导航,包括参加学生的社交情感学习(SEL),与ELL家长联系,通过技术支持的教学和吸引学生,以及在有限或没有大流行前经验的基础上与主流教师共同教学。这些见解表明,需要扩大对ESL教师在应用语言学和教学策略方面的知识和专业知识的关注,包括将SEL整合到ESL教学中的课堂素养,采用互动式,学生驱动的教学设计和多模式技术提供的实践,保持与家长和学生的多种沟通渠道,以及与课堂教师的团队教学,为ELLs提供量身定制的语言支持。
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引用次数: 0
The contribution of full tone marking to oral reading fluency and comprehension in Yoruba and Ife 全声调标记对约鲁巴语和伊夫语口语阅读流畅性和理解的贡献
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1075/wll.00069.rob
David Roberts, Matthew Harley, Stephen L. Walter
Orthographic depth is a key concept in literacy acquisition and can be measured separately for completeness, simplicity and consistency. The first of these is pertinent to discussions about whether tone should be marked in African orthographies, because a zero tone representation is relatively incomplete and deep whereas a full tone orthography is relatively complete and shallow. We undertook a series of literacy experiments in ten Niger-Congo languages to test the extent to which full tone marking contributes to reading and writing skills. In a within-subject design that closely follows Bird (1999b), participants orally read two full tone and two zero tone texts and also added tone accents to unmarked versions of two of the texts. Speed, accuracy, comprehension, as well as a range of linguistic, ethno-literacy, demographic and L2 literacy variables were tracked. The present article narrows the scope of the wider research project (Roberts & Walter 2021) to two of the languages, Yoruba and Ife, which are linguistically similar, yet have highly dissimilar results. In Yoruba, full tone marking does not contribute to any improvement in reading measurements, and tone writing skills are generally poor. In Ife, on the other hand, full tone marking contributes to speed, accuracy and comprehension, and tone writing is the most accurate of all the languages. The results suggest that the social profile of the participant and the ethno-literacy profile of the language community are more predictive of reading and writing performance than is the linguistic profile of the language.
正字法深度是识字习得的一个关键概念,可以分别衡量完整性、简单性和一致性。其中第一个与非洲正字法中是否应该标记音调有关,因为零音调表示相对不完整和深刻,而全音调正字法相对完整和浅。我们在10种尼日尔-刚果语言中进行了一系列识字实验,以测试全音标记对阅读和写作技能的贡献程度。在与Bird (1999b)密切相关的主题内设计中,参与者口头阅读两篇全音调和两篇零音调文本,并在两篇文本的未标记版本中添加音调重读。速度、准确性、理解力,以及一系列语言、民族文化、人口统计学和第二语言文化变量被跟踪。本文将更广泛的研究项目(Roberts & Walter 2021)的范围缩小到两种语言,约鲁巴和Ife,这两种语言在语言上相似,但结果却大相径庭。在约鲁巴语中,全声调标记对阅读测量没有任何改善,声调写作技巧普遍较差。另一方面,在生活中,全声调标记有助于速度、准确性和理解,声调书写是所有语言中最准确的。结果表明,参与者的社会概况和语言社区的民族素养概况比语言概况更能预测阅读和写作表现。
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引用次数: 0
Written narratives of adolescents with developmental language disorder compared with typically developing adolescents and adults 发展性语言障碍青少年与正常发育青少年及成人的书面叙述比较
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1075/wll.00067.kra
J. Kraljević, Ana Matić Škorić, M. Tomazin
Children who struggle with acquisition of oral language are likely to become less proficient writers later on. The current study aimed to compare written texts of adolescents with developmental language disorder (DLD) and their typically developing (TD) peers in terms of length, content, cohesion, coherence and errors. Additionally, texts of TD adolescents were compared with the texts of TD adults. Accordingly, three participant groups were included in this study: 21 DLD adolescents, 21 TD adolescents and 22 TD adults, all native speakers of Croatian. The comparison of narrative texts written by DLD and TD adolescents suggests that the former write shorter and less cohesive texts and produce more errors. These results indicate that individuals with DLD have writing profiles similar to those obtained in other studies. Comparison of texts written by TD adolescents and adults shows that both groups write largely similar texts which differ only in the use of sophisticated vocabulary.
那些在口语习得上遇到困难的孩子以后可能会变得不那么熟练。本研究旨在比较发展性语言障碍(DLD)青少年和正常发展性语言障碍(TD)青少年的书面文本在长度、内容、衔接、连贯和错误等方面的差异。此外,还比较了青少年TD与成人TD的文本。因此,本研究包括三个参与者组:21名DLD青少年,21名TD青少年和22名TD成年人,均以克罗地亚语为母语。DLD青少年和TD青少年的叙事语篇比较表明,前者的叙事语篇较短,衔接较差,错误较多。这些结果表明,DLD患者的写作特征与其他研究中获得的相似。通过比较青少年和成年人所写的文本可以看出,两组人所写的文本基本相似,只是在复杂词汇的使用上有所不同。
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引用次数: 0
Supporting university students’ argumentative source-based writing 支持大学生的议论文写作
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1075/wll.00068.mar
Miika Marttunen, Carita Kiili
Argumentative writing from sources is a literacy practice that students commonly find challenging. The present article reports a descriptive study where students’ source-based writing in small groups was supported with either print-based or digital scaffolding. Students analyzed source texts given to them and used their analysis to compose a position paper on a controversial educational topic. Position papers were analyzed for depth and breadth of argumentation, stand and justifications, degree of transformation of source texts’ argumentation, and structure. The study suggests that students in both scaffolding groups were fairly capable of identifying relevant reasons representing various perspectives on the topic in source texts and using them to build an argument in their position papers. However, students seldom transformed the arguments by adding their own thoughts or connecting arguments across the texts. Further, quite a few students seem to struggle in structuring their essays: 41% of essays in the print-based scaffolding group and 24% of essays in the digital scaffolding group were unstructured. Instructional implications are discussed.
议论文写作是一种学生普遍认为具有挑战性的素养练习。本文报告了一项描述性研究,在该研究中,学生在小组中使用基于印刷或数字的脚手架来支持基于源的写作。学生们分析了给他们的原始文本,并用他们的分析来撰写一篇关于一个有争议的教育话题的立场论文。对立场文件的论证深度和广度、立场和理由、源文本论证的转换程度和结构进行了分析。研究表明,两个支架式小组的学生都相当有能力识别相关的原因,代表源文本中关于主题的不同观点,并利用它们在他们的立场文件中建立论点。然而,学生很少通过加入自己的想法或将论点连接到文本中来改变论点。此外,相当多的学生似乎很难组织好他们的论文:41%的纸质脚手架组的论文和24%的数字脚手架组的论文是无结构的。讨论了教学意义。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluating preschoolers’ references to characteristics of the Hebrew orthography via a computerized early spelling game 通过电脑早期拼写游戏评估学龄前儿童对希伯来语正字法特征的参考
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1075/wll.00065.ara
Adi Elimelech, Dorit Aram
The current study evaluated how characteristics of Hebrew, a Semitic language with an abjad writing system, are manifested in Hebrew-speaking preschoolers’ play with a computerized spelling game adapted for Hebrew. The game words were of different lengths and structures so as to include the entire Hebrew alphabet and all the vowels (a, e, i, o, u) in all possible positions in the word (first, last, second). We analyzed the 18,720 spellings typed by 96 preschoolers aged 5;7 years (on average) who played the game during eight sessions (about 20 minutes per session) in one month. The study indicated a greater difficulty in spelling א, ה, ו, י letters as consonants than as vowels, and more success in spelling ב, כ, פ letters that are pronounced as stops, as compared to the same letters that are pronounced as spirants. The success in spelling consonants and consonant-vowel letters was identical. Within a word, there was greater success in spelling the first letter, than in spelling the last letter, and the second letter. The length of the word did not influence success in spelling the first, second, or last letter in the word. At the same time, spelling an entire shorter word was easier than spelling an entire longer word. Lastly, spelling of words to which children had more exposures was easier than spelling words with only a single exposure. The discussion focuses on the implications of the study and refers to the nature of appropriate literacy-oriented digital Hebrew games and activities with preschoolers.
目前的研究评估了希伯来语的特点是如何体现在讲希伯来语的学龄前儿童玩一个为希伯来语改编的电脑拼写游戏中的。游戏单词具有不同的长度和结构,以便包括整个希伯来字母和单词中所有可能位置的所有元音(a, e, i, o, u) (first, last, second)。我们分析了96名平均5 - 7岁的学龄前儿童在一个月内玩了8次游戏(每次约20分钟)所输入的18720个拼写。研究表明,作为辅音拼写“”、“”、“”字母比作为元音拼写“”更困难,而作为顿音拼写“”的字母比作为元音拼写“”的字母更容易成功。在拼写辅音和辅音-元音字母方面的成功是相同的。在一个单词中,拼第一个字母比拼最后一个字母和第二个字母更容易成功。单词的长度不会影响单词的第一个、第二个或最后一个字母的拼写。与此同时,拼写一个完整的短单词比拼写一个完整的长单词更容易。最后,孩子们拼写接触次数多的单词比只接触一次的单词更容易。讨论的重点是研究的含义,并提到适当的识字为导向的数字希伯来语游戏和活动的性质与学龄前儿童。
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引用次数: 1
Family literacy practices and their contribution to emergent literacy skills during the COVID-19 pandemic 在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,家庭扫盲实践及其对新兴扫盲技能的贡献
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1075/wll.00066.cru
Joana Cruz, M. Mackaaij, H. Bilimória, D. Gandra
To develop emergent literacy skills, preschool children need to be supported by adults in a rich and stimulating environment. During the first lockdown due to the SARS-CoV2 virus, there were several social, family, technological, and individual barriers to promote family literacy and emergent literacy. In the present study, we aimed to provide insight on the relationship between family literacy practices and emergent literacy skills among preschool children after the first confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic. This study included 102 participants, which consisted of parents (90.2% mothers) and one preschool child per parent. Results showed evidence of a higher frequency of training and teaching activities than family literacy playful activities. There were statistically significant differences in emergent skills, according to the frequency of family playful activities and family training and teaching activities. Results suggest that different family literacy practices are significantly correlated to all the emergent literacy skills evaluated.
为了发展新兴的识字技能,学龄前儿童需要在一个丰富而刺激的环境中得到成年人的支持。在SARS-CoV2病毒导致的第一次封锁期间,在促进家庭扫盲和紧急扫盲方面存在一些社会、家庭、技术和个人障碍。在本研究中,我们旨在深入了解因COVID-19大流行而首次分娩的学龄前儿童的家庭扫盲实践与新兴识字技能之间的关系。本研究共纳入102名参与者,包括家长(90.2%为母亲)和每位家长一名学龄前儿童。结果显示,与家庭读写游戏活动相比,培训和教学活动的频率更高。根据家庭游戏活动和家庭培训教学活动的频率,在紧急技能方面存在统计学上的显著差异。结果表明,不同的家庭识字实践与所有被评估的新兴识字技能显著相关。
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引用次数: 0
Desana numerical symbols Desana数字符号
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1075/wll.00064.ove
Karenleigh A. Overmann, T. Chacon, Annick Payne
In 2006, a narrative of the Desana people included a system of graphic symbols reported as a historical Indigenous invention used during intertribal warfare to count the number of enemies and pass warning information. This paper outlines and evaluates the Desana graphic system. The Desana people are described, and their timeline of mythical events is compared to historical accounts of the region. Contemporary Desana spoken numbers are then characterized as a quinary system with a restricted extent that differs significantly from the graphic writing system as presented in the cultural narrative. Implications for the development of writing systems generally and numerical notations specifically are explored. We conclude that the numerical symbols represent cultural diffusion of both European decimal numerals and the idea of writing. However, these were influenced by, synthesized with, and ultimately transformed through their contact with Indigenous cultural practices and concepts, making them an authentic Desana invention.
2006年,一篇关于Desana人的叙述中包含了一套图形符号系统,据报道这是一种历史上的土著发明,用于部落间战争中计算敌人的数量和传递警告信息。本文概述并评价了Desana图形系统。书中描述了Desana人,并将他们神话事件的时间线与该地区的历史记载进行了比较。当代Desana口头数字的特点是一个有限程度的五位数系统,与文化叙事中呈现的图形书写系统有很大不同。对一般的书写系统和具体的数字符号的发展的影响进行了探讨。我们得出结论,数字符号代表了欧洲十进制数字和书写思想的文化传播。然而,这些都受到土著文化习俗和观念的影响、综合,并最终通过与土著文化习俗和观念的接触而转变,使它们成为真正的Desana发明。
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引用次数: 0
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching and Learning over Time 随着时间的推移,语言教学的途径和方法
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.20360/langandlit29595
Khaled Jebahi
This study is an attempt to review the main language teaching approaches and methods used in the last hundred and fifty years or so. This is justified by the fact that though some teachers, native and non-native, may have some knowledge of the theoretical underpinnings of their classroom practices and techniques, they may lack an understanding of some other related past and present teaching methods and approaches. Those methods and approaches are reviewed in a simple and straightforward fashion. The theoretical, economic, political, and educational factors affecting their development, implementation, and change are touched upon in order for teachers to better understand their classroom implementation and seek to improve it and justify it with reference to a clearer, simpler, and more straightforward reading of the literature on the topic in focus.
本研究试图回顾过去150年左右的主要语言教学方法和方法。事实证明,尽管一些教师,无论是母语教师还是非母语教师,可能对课堂实践和技巧的理论基础有所了解,但他们可能缺乏对其他一些相关的过去和现在的教学方法和方法的理解。这些方法和途径将以简单和直接的方式进行审查。影响其发展、实施和变化的理论、经济、政治和教育因素被触及,以便教师更好地了解他们的课堂实施,并寻求改进它,并通过更清晰、更简单、更直接地阅读有关重点主题的文献来证明它的合理性。
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引用次数: 0
Librarian-Faculty Collaboration for Literacy Courses: Promoting Better Learning for Preservice Teachers 馆员与教师合作开展扫盲课程:促进职前教师更好地学习
IF 0.3 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.20360/langandlit29605
A. Consalvo, Gina M. Doepker, Vandy Dubre, Joanna Neel
This narrative describes a collaboration between three university literacy faculty and a subject librarian undertaken to embed library instruction across the semester in three required courses--children’s literature, early literacy, and disciplinary literacy--in order to help undergraduate preservice teachers better understand and incorporate children’s literature and high interest literature into their teaching. Concrete, scaffolded, hands-on experiences for preservice teachers with teaching materials helped to build awareness of foundational concepts in literacy instruction. Librarian/faculty collaborations have the potential to improve literacy teacher preparation programs by providing designed opportunities for active, concrete engagement coupled with structured reflection. 
这个故事描述了三个大学扫盲教师和一个学科馆员之间的合作,他们致力于将图书馆教学贯穿整个学期的三门必修课——儿童文学、早期扫盲和学科扫盲——纳入图书馆教学,以帮助本科职前教师更好地理解儿童文学和高兴趣文学,并将其纳入他们的教学中。通过教材为职前教师提供具体的、有框架的实践经验,有助于建立对识字教学中基本概念的认识。图书馆员与教师的合作有可能通过提供主动、具体的参与和结构化反思的设计机会来改善扫盲教师的培训计划。
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引用次数: 0
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Written Language and Literacy
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