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Positive Association Between Family and Teachers' Tobacco Use on the Smoking Behaviors of Iraqi Adolescents Attending Schools - A Cross Sectional Study Using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. 家庭和教师的烟草使用情况对在校伊拉克青少年吸烟行为的积极影响--利用全球青少年烟草调查进行的横断面研究。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241283468
Fatima Al-Binali, Soha R Dargham, Ziyad R Mahfoud

Objective: Adolescent tobacco and E-cigarette use have been rising globally in the past decade. Iraq's post-war conflict and economic crises posed psychosocial and mental health trauma, contributing to increased vulnerability to drug and substance use among adolescents. This study looks to assess the potential relationship between current tobacco and E-cigarette smoking and exposure to smoking at home and school among Iraqi adolescents attending schools. Methods: Data analysis for the 2019 Iraq Global Youth Tobacco Survey, a cross-sectional study completed by 2560 Iraqi adolescents aged 11 to 17 years old was conducted. The survey tool which includes demographic, tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use questions is anonymous and self-administered using paper-based bubble sheets that are scannable. Current tobacco and E-cigarette use (defined as past 30-days) were the main outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the main outcomes and the following variables: participants' demographics, exposure to smoking, attitude and knowledge scores. Results: Current tobacco and E-cigarette smoking prevalence among Iraqi adolescents attending school were 14.9% (95% CI: 13.5%-16.4%) and 9.7% (95% CI: 8.6%-11.0%), respectively. Exposure to smoking at home was high among fathers (39.1%), mothers (13.9%), siblings smoke (23.9%), other individuals smoke (56.1%). The percentages of students who witnessed people smoking within school premises was 45.7% and observed teachers smoking in schools was 57.6%. The current use of tobacco smoking among Iraqi adolescents was significantly and positively associated with exposure to smoking by the father (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05-1.85), mother (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.30-2.60), sibling (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 2.62-4.67), teacher (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10-1.98), and people in school (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.57-2.53). Similarly, the current use of E-cigarettes was significantly associated with father smoking (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.29-3.16), sibling smoking (AOR = 3.09; 95% CI: 2.04-4.67), and people smoking in school (AOR2.02; 95% CI: 1.39-2.95). Conclusion: Stricter policies need to be enforced to ensure safer school environments that do not expose adolescents to smoking habits of teachers or other students.

目的:在过去十年中,全球青少年吸烟和吸电子烟的人数不断增加。伊拉克战后的冲突和经济危机造成了社会心理和精神健康方面的创伤,导致青少年更容易使用毒品和药物。本研究旨在评估伊拉克在校青少年目前吸烟和吸电子烟与在家庭和学校吸烟之间的潜在关系。研究方法对 2019 年伊拉克全球青少年烟草调查进行了数据分析,这是一项由 2560 名 11 至 17 岁伊拉克青少年完成的横断面研究。调查工具包括人口统计学、烟草使用、烟草知识和对烟草使用的态度等问题,采用可扫描的纸质泡沫单进行匿名自填。当前烟草和电子烟使用情况(定义为过去 30 天)是主要结果。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型评估主要结果与以下变量之间的关系:参与者的人口统计学特征、吸烟经历、态度和知识得分。结果伊拉克在校青少年目前的烟草和电子烟吸烟率分别为14.9%(95% CI:13.5%-16.4%)和9.7%(95% CI:8.6%-11.0%)。在家中吸烟的比例较高的是父亲(39.1%)、母亲(13.9%)、兄弟姐妹(23.9%)和其他人(56.1%)。目睹有人在校内吸烟的学生占 45.7%,目睹教师在校内吸烟的学生占 57.6%。伊拉克青少年目前吸烟与父亲(AOR = 1.39;95% CI:1.05-1.85)、母亲(AOR = 1.84;95% CI:1.30-2.60)、兄弟姐妹(AOR = 3.50;95% CI:2.62-4.67)、老师(AOR = 1.48;95% CI:1.10-1.98)和学校里的人吸烟(AOR = 1.99;95% CI:1.57-2.53)有显著正相关。同样,目前使用电子烟与父亲吸烟(AOR = 2.02;95% CI:1.29-3.16)、兄弟姐妹吸烟(AOR = 3.09;95% CI:2.04-4.67)和在校学生吸烟(AOR2.02;95% CI:1.39-2.95)有显著相关性。结论需要执行更严格的政策,以确保学校环境更加安全,避免青少年受到教师或其他学生吸烟习惯的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Inequalities in Smoking and E-Cigarette Use in Young Adults With Mental Ill-Health, 20 years After Ireland's Smoking Ban. 爱尔兰禁烟 20 年后,患有精神疾病的年轻成年人吸烟和使用电子烟的不平等现象。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241283744
Joan Hanafin, Salome Sunday, Luke Clancy

Background: Ireland's Smoking Ban reduced health inequalities known to be associated with smoking but some groups may not have benefitted. Mental ill-health and smoking are known to be associated with health inequalities. Whether similar patterns exist for e-cigarette use is less clear, as few data exist. Objectives: To examine: (1) self-reported doctor-diagnosed mental ill-health in Irish 20-year-olds; (2) smoking, e-cigarette, and dual use in those with and without mental ill-health; and (3) protective and risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use in these groups. Methods: We use cross-sectional data from 20 year-olds in Wave 4 of Growing Up in Ireland Child Cohort. They were asked to self-report mental ill-health which had been diagnosed by a clinician, and their smoking and e-cigarette use. All analyses were performed using SPSS v27. Results: 19.4% (n = 1008) of the total sample (n = 4729) reported a mental ill-health diagnosis. Comparing those with and without, those with mental ill-health had significantly higher prevalence of current smoking (47%, n = 419 vs 36%, n = 1361; OR 1.57, CI: 1.36, 1.82), e-cigarette use (17%, n = 152 vs 13%, n = 485; OR 1.40, CI:1.15, 1.70), and dual use (12%, n = 109 vs 9%, n = 328; OR 1.46, CI:1.16, 1.84). Risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use were, earlier smoking initiation, peers or primary caregivers who smoked, being in paid employment, one-parent family background, and social media use. Being female was protective. Most risk factors were significantly higher in young adults with mental ill-health but, after adjusting for these variables, respondents with mental ill-health still have significantly higher adjusted higher odds of smoking (aOR 1.28, CI:1.05, 1.56). Conclusions: Inequalities in smoking and e-cigarette use in young adults with mental ill-health are evident 20 years after Ireland's National Smoking Ban. Despite extensive Tobacco Control interventions in the past 20 years, there is still need in Ireland for new targeted interventions to reduce health inequalities for left-behind young smokers with mental ill-health.

背景:爱尔兰的禁烟令减少了与吸烟有关的健康不平等现象,但有些群体可能并未从中受益。众所周知,精神疾病和吸烟与健康不平等有关。至于电子烟的使用是否也存在类似的模式,目前还不太清楚,因为这方面的数据很少。研究目的研究:(1) 爱尔兰 20 岁青少年自我报告的经医生诊断的精神疾病;(2) 有精神疾病和没有精神疾病的青少年吸烟、使用电子烟和双重使用的情况;(3) 这些群体吸烟和使用电子烟的保护因素和风险因素。研究方法:我们使用了 "在爱尔兰成长的儿童队列 "第 4 波中 20 岁儿童的横截面数据。他们被要求自我报告经临床医生诊断的精神疾病以及吸烟和使用电子烟的情况。所有分析均使用 SPSS v27 进行。结果在所有样本(n = 4729)中,19.4%(n = 1008)的人报告了精神疾病的诊断结果。对比患有和未患有精神疾病的人群,患有精神疾病的人群当前吸烟率(47%,n = 419 vs 36%,n = 1361;OR 1.57,CI:1.36, 1.82)、使用电子烟率(17%,n = 152 vs 13%,n = 485;OR 1.40,CI:1.15, 1.70)和双重使用率(12%,n = 109 vs 9%,n = 328;OR 1.46,CI:1.16, 1.84)明显更高。吸烟和使用电子烟的风险因素包括:较早开始吸烟、同伴或主要照顾者吸烟、从事有偿工作、单亲家庭背景以及使用社交媒体。女性则具有保护作用。大多数风险因素在患有精神疾病的年轻人中都明显较高,但在对这些变量进行调整后,患有精神疾病的受访者吸烟的调整后几率仍然明显较高(aOR 1.28,CI:1.05, 1.56)。结论在爱尔兰全国禁烟令实施 20 年后,患有精神疾病的年轻人在吸烟和使用电子烟方面的不平等现象依然明显。尽管在过去的 20 年中采取了广泛的烟草控制干预措施,但爱尔兰仍需要新的有针对性的干预措施,以减少患有精神疾病的留守年轻吸烟者在健康方面的不平等。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in Level of Implementation of the WHO FCTC Article 5.3 in India. 印度执行世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》第 5.3 条的水平趋势。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241271543
Shalini Bassi, Mansi Chopra, Aastha Chugh, Shivangi Das, Upendra Bhojani, Gaurang P Nazar, Adhip Amin, Jhumki Dutta, Pranay Lal, P C Gupta, Monika Arora

Introduction: The tobacco industry intends to ensure continuing marketing of tobacco products by influencing and interfering in tobacco control policies. This paper assessed trends of tobacco industry interference (TII), the level of implementation, and the government's response to enforcing Article 5.3 guidelines in India to safeguard tobacco control efforts from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive comparative analysis of four consecutive India TII Indexes (January 2018-December 2021) based on the seven key 5.3 recommendations and twenty indicators to capture (i) the Level of Industry Participation, (ii) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities, (iii) Benefits to the Tobacco Industry, (iv) Forms of Unnecessary Interactions, (v) Transparency, (vi) Conflict of Interest, and (vii) Preventive Measures. The Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance's (SEATCA) TII Index was used to undertake this assessment.

Results: The comparative analysis showed that the overall score of the India TII Indexes over the years decreased from 72 (2018) to 57 (2021). Improvements were shown over the years in adherence to Article 5.3 for limiting unnecessary interactions with the tobacco industry, avoiding conflicts of interest, and having preventive measures. However, major gaps were observed in restricting industry participation, regulating their so-called CSR, providing benefits to the industry in the form of incentives, exemptions, and maintaining transparency.

Conclusion: The study provides the status of implementing Article 5.3 and its guidelines in India. Given the gaps in the existing measures, India needs to comprehensively adopt Article 5.3 guidelinesin all states and union territories adopting whole-of-government approach. There is an urgent need to establish an observatory for periodic compilation of the TII indexes to monitor the tobacco industry and report violations at the national and sub-national levels.

导言:烟草行业意图通过影响和干预烟草控制政策来确保烟草产品的持续营销。本文评估了印度烟草行业干预(TII)的趋势、实施水平以及政府为执行第 5.3 条准则而采取的应对措施,以保障烟草控制工作不受烟草行业商业利益和其他既得利益的影响:我们对连续四个印度 TII 指数(2018 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月)进行了描述性比较分析,这些指数基于 5.3 条的七项关键建议和 20 个指标,以反映(i)行业参与程度、(ii)企业社会责任(CSR)活动、(iii)烟草行业的利益、(iv)不必要的互动形式、(v)透明度、(vi)利益冲突和(vii)预防措施。评估采用了东南亚烟草控制联盟 (SEATCA) 的 TII 指数:比较分析表明,印度 TII 指数的总分逐年下降,从 72 分(2018 年)降至 57 分(2021 年)。在遵守第 5.3 条关于限制与烟草行业不必要的互动、避免利益冲突和采取预防措施方面,多年来有所改进。然而,在限制烟草行业参与、规范其所谓的企业社会责任、以奖励和豁免的形式为烟草行业提供利益以及保持透明度等方面仍存在重大差距:本研究介绍了印度执行第 5.3 条及其指导方针的情况。鉴于现有措施中存在的差距,印度需要在所有邦和中央直辖区全面采用第 5.3 条准则,并采取整体政府方法。迫切需要建立一个观察站,定期汇编 TII 指数,以监测烟草行业并报告国家和国家以下各级的违规行为。
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引用次数: 0
Exposure to Smoking as a Predictor of ADHD Subtypes Among Children Within Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study. 吸烟是沙特阿拉伯儿童多动症亚型的预测因素:一项观察性研究。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241283765
Abeer Zakariyah, Sulafa Al Qutub, Sereen Kazim, Reman Alharbi, Hams Alharthi, Hadeel Alharbi, Maram Albassami, Mehenaz Hanbazazh, Morooj Mahnashi

Previous studies have found an association between maternal smoking and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, the prevalence of maternal smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy, and ADHD in children within the Saudi Arabian context is not well-documented.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of maternal smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy among mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and investigate exposure to smoking as a predictor of ADHD subtypes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023, using an online questionnaire. The study included 217 parents of children aged 4-17 years diagnosed with ADHD and without a family history of the disorder. Data on sociodemographic determinants, academic achievement, ADHD types, and maternal smoking habits during pregnancy were collected.

Results: Among the mothers surveyed, 6.4% reported smoking during pregnancy, while 41% were exposed to SHS. The study found a predominance of the combined subtype of ADHD among the children. Logistic regression analysis revealed that families with monthly income <10 000 SR were 2.6 times more likely to have a child with inattentive or hyperactive ADHD (P < 0.03). Male gender was associated with a 46% reduced likelihood of these subtypes (P < 0.03). SHS smoking and active exposure to smoking during pregnancy did not show any significant effect on ADHD.

Conclusion: The study found that child gender and family income were significantly associated with the distribution of ADHD subtypes, while maternal smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy did not show a significant association. The high prevalence of SHS exposure emphasizes the need for increased public health awareness and interventions to promote smoke-free environments during pregnancy.

以往的研究发现,母亲吸烟与后代患注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的风险增加有关。然而,在沙特阿拉伯,母亲吸烟、孕期接触二手烟(SHS)以及儿童多动症的发病率并没有得到很好的记录:目的:探讨被诊断为多动症儿童的母亲在怀孕期间吸烟和接触二手烟的普遍程度,并调查吸烟是多动症亚型的预测因素:一项横断面研究于 2022 年 12 月 1 日至 2023 年 2 月 28 日进行,采用在线问卷调查的方式。研究对象包括 217 名被诊断为多动症且无家族史的 4-17 岁儿童的家长。研究收集了有关社会人口学决定因素、学习成绩、多动症类型以及母亲在怀孕期间吸烟习惯的数据:结果:在接受调查的母亲中,6.4%的人表示在怀孕期间吸烟,41%的人接触过可吸入有害气体。研究发现,儿童中以合并亚型多动症为主。逻辑回归分析表明,月收入较高的家庭患多动症的几率比月收入较低的家庭高(P < 0.03)。男性性别与这些亚型的可能性降低46%有关(P < 0.03)。吸食 SHS 和孕期主动吸烟对多动症没有明显影响:研究发现,儿童性别和家庭收入与多动症亚型的分布有显著相关性,而母亲吸烟和怀孕期间接触 SHS 并无显著相关性。接触可吸入有害气体的高流行率强调了提高公共卫生意识和采取干预措施促进孕期无烟环境的必要性。
{"title":"Exposure to Smoking as a Predictor of ADHD Subtypes Among Children Within Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study.","authors":"Abeer Zakariyah, Sulafa Al Qutub, Sereen Kazim, Reman Alharbi, Hams Alharthi, Hadeel Alharbi, Maram Albassami, Mehenaz Hanbazazh, Morooj Mahnashi","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241283765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X241283765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have found an association between maternal smoking and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, the prevalence of maternal smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy, and ADHD in children within the Saudi Arabian context is not well-documented.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the prevalence of maternal smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy among mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and investigate exposure to smoking as a predictor of ADHD subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023, using an online questionnaire. The study included 217 parents of children aged 4-17 years diagnosed with ADHD and without a family history of the disorder. Data on sociodemographic determinants, academic achievement, ADHD types, and maternal smoking habits during pregnancy were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the mothers surveyed, 6.4% reported smoking during pregnancy, while 41% were exposed to SHS. The study found a predominance of the combined subtype of ADHD among the children. Logistic regression analysis revealed that families with monthly income <10 000 SR were 2.6 times more likely to have a child with inattentive or hyperactive ADHD (<i>P</i> < 0.03). Male gender was associated with a 46% reduced likelihood of these subtypes (<i>P</i> < 0.03). SHS smoking and active exposure to smoking during pregnancy did not show any significant effect on ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that child gender and family income were significantly associated with the distribution of ADHD subtypes, while maternal smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy did not show a significant association. The high prevalence of SHS exposure emphasizes the need for increased public health awareness and interventions to promote smoke-free environments during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241283765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11384971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trends and Disparities in Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among US Adolescents and Adults: PATH Study 2013-2021. 美国青少年和成年人吸食水烟的趋势和差异:2013-2021年PATH研究。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241275352
Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Wei Li, Olatokunbo Osibogun, Rime Jebai, Prem Gautam, Olufemi Erinoso, Seyede Yasaman Alemohammad, Sheida Khosravaniardakani, Ghader Dargahi Abbasabad, Raed Behaleh, Kenneth D Ward, Zoran Bursac, Ziyad Ben Taleb

Background: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is a popular mode of nicotine delivery among young people. We examined the trends and disparities in WTS from 2013 to 2021 among US adolescents and adults.

Methods: Data were from Wave 1 (initially conducted among 32 320 adults and 13 651 adolescents) to Wave 6 (2013-2021) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. We assessed the weighted prevalence of ever and current (past 30-day) WTS for adults and adolescents across waves stratified by demographics.

Results: From 2013-2021 among adolescents, the prevalence of ever and current WTS decreased by 86.5% (7.4% to 1.00%; p = 0.0364) and 97.1% (1.65% to 0.05%; p = 0.0012), respectively. Despite the decreasing trends among adolescents across all waves, females had a higher prevalence of ever and current WTS compared to males (p 's < 0.001 for all trends). Hispanics had the highest prevalence of ever WTS compared to other races/ethnicities (p 's < 0.001). Adolescents aged 15-17 had a higher (except Wave 6) prevalence of ever and current WTS than 12-14 years old (p 's < 0.001). For adults, the prevalence of ever WTS increased by 27.4% (16.39% to 20.92%; p = 0.0006), and current WTS decreased by 45.5% (2.19% to 1.24%; p = 0.0012). Young adults aged 18-24 experienced increasing trends in WTS and had the highest prevalence of ever and current WTS compared to other age groups (p 's < 0.001) across all waves.

Conclusions: Our study indicates a notable decrease in adolescent WTS prevalence from 2013 to 2021 but an increase of ever WTS among adults. Demographic differences underscore disparities in WTS, calling for tailored interventions.

背景:水烟(WTS)是年轻人中流行的尼古丁输送方式。我们研究了 2013 年至 2021 年美国青少年和成年人吸食水烟的趋势和差异:数据来自烟草与健康人群评估研究的第 1 波(最初在 32 320 名成人和 13 651 名青少年中进行)至第 6 波(2013-2021 年)。我们按人口统计学分层评估了各波成人和青少年曾经和当前(过去 30 天)WTS 的加权流行率:从 2013 年到 2021 年,青少年曾经和目前的 WTS 流行率分别下降了 86.5%(7.4% 到 1.00%;p = 0.0364)和 97.1%(1.65% 到 0.05%;p = 0.0012)。尽管青少年在所有波次中的患病率都呈下降趋势,但与男性相比,女性曾经和目前的WTS患病率更高(所有趋势的p 's < 0.001)。与其他种族/人种相比,西班牙裔青少年曾经和正在进行 WTS 的流行率最高(p's < 0.001)。与 12-14 岁青少年相比,15-17 岁青少年曾经和目前的 WTS 患病率更高(第 6 波除外)(p's < 0.001)。对于成年人来说,曾经的 WTS 患病率增加了 27.4%(从 16.39% 上升到 20.92%;p = 0.0006),而目前的 WTS 患病率下降了 45.5%(从 2.19% 下降到 1.24%;p = 0.0012)。在所有波次中,18-24 岁的年轻人的 WTS 呈上升趋势,与其他年龄组相比,他们曾经和目前的 WTS 患病率最高(p 's < 0.001):我们的研究表明,从 2013 年到 2021 年,青少年的 WTS 患病率明显下降,但成年人的曾经 WTS 患病率有所上升。人口统计学差异凸显了 WTS 的差异,需要采取有针对性的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Tobacco and Nicotine Products Adverse Health Events: Findings From the FDA Safety Reporting Portal. 烟草和尼古丁产品不良健康事件:美国食品和药物管理局安全报告门户网站的调查结果。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241279674
Steven Alec Barrientos, Danny Dabroy, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Linnea Irina Laestadius, Ziyad Ben Taleb

Introduction: The FDA oversees regulatory aspects of all U.S. tobacco products. Understanding the impact of emerging health trends and incidents associated with various tobacco and nicotine products is vital for public health. This study utilizes the FDA's Tobacco Product Problem Reports (TPPRs) to characterize and track adverse health events (AHEs) associated with tobacco and nicotine products over time, considering the impact of EVALI and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: FDA TPPRs from 2017-2022 provided information on AHEs related to various tobacco products. After data cleaning, 839 reports were categorized by two independent coders based on affected health category, frequency of AHEs reports, and proportion of AHEs per each health category. Additionally, variations in AHEs over time were assessed, considering major health events like EVALI and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Among the 839 reports, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were the primary product of concern, comprising 90.6% (n = 760) of all reports, surpassing traditional cigarettes (5.1%; n = 43) and other products. Notably, 45.6% of reports (n = 383) identified the neurological system as the most frequently mentioned health category, each reporting at least one AHE. This was followed by the respiratory (39.1%; n = 328) and digestive (10.7%; n = 90) systems. Among all reported AHEs, respiratory system issues were most frequent (25.9%; n = 512), closely followed by neurological (25.2%; n = 499) and digestive (6.6%; n = 131) concerns. Most reports occurred in 2019 (65.7%; n = 551), coinciding with the EVALI outbreak, with a subsequent decline post-Q3 2019, highlighting the potential impact of specific health crises on reporting trends.

Conclusion: E-cigarettes dominated adverse health reports, particularly affecting the neurological and respiratory systems, with a peak in 2019. Our findings provide insights to regulatory entities and future research, enhancing understanding of AHEs in lesser-explored bodily systems, such as the neurological and digestive systems. This study emphasizes the need for ongoing and improved surveillance of emerging tobacco products to protect public health.

简介:美国食品和药物管理局负责监管美国所有烟草产品。了解与各种烟草和尼古丁产品相关的新健康趋势和事件的影响对公众健康至关重要。本研究利用 FDA 的烟草产品问题报告(TPPRs)来描述和跟踪与烟草和尼古丁产品相关的不良健康事件(AHEs)的长期特点,同时考虑到 EVALI 和 COVID-19 大流行的影响:FDA 2017-2022 年的 TPPR 提供了与各种烟草产品相关的 AHE 信息。数据清理后,839 份报告由两名独立编码员根据受影响的健康类别、AHEs 报告频率以及每个健康类别的 AHEs 比例进行分类。此外,考虑到 EVALI 和 COVID-19 大流行等重大健康事件,还对 AHEs 随时间的变化进行了评估:在 839 份报告中,电子香烟(电子烟)是主要的受关注产品,占所有报告的 90.6%(n = 760),超过了传统香烟(5.1%;n = 43)和其他产品。值得注意的是,45.6%的报告(n = 383)指出神经系统是最常提及的健康类别,每份报告都至少报告了一个健康危害。其次是呼吸系统(39.1%;n = 328)和消化系统(10.7%;n = 90)。在所有报告的 AHE 中,呼吸系统问题最为常见(25.9%;n = 512),紧随其后的是神经系统问题(25.2%;n = 499)和消化系统问题(6.6%;n = 131)。大多数报告发生在2019年(65.7%;n = 551),恰逢EVALI疫情爆发,随后在2019年第三季度后有所下降,这凸显了特定健康危机对报告趋势的潜在影响:电子烟在不良健康报告中占主导地位,尤其是对神经系统和呼吸系统的影响,在2019年达到高峰。我们的研究结果为监管机构和未来研究提供了启示,加深了人们对神经系统和消化系统等较少涉及的身体系统的不良健康影响的了解。这项研究强调了持续改进对新兴烟草产品的监控以保护公众健康的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescent E-Cigarette Expectancies: Measure Development and Preliminary Validity of the Electronic Nicotine Vaping Outcomes Measure for Youth. 青少年对电子烟的期望:青少年电子烟期望:青少年电子烟结果测量的开发和初步有效性。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241266563
Paul T Harrell, Kelli J England, Tracey E Barnett, Vani N Simmons, Richard W Handel, Amy C Paulson

Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems ("e-cigarettes") are the nicotine product most commonly used by adolescents. Research, treatment, and policy could benefit from measures of adolescent e-cigarette beliefs about outcomes of use (ie, expectancies). In the current study, we developed and tested an adolescent electronic nicotine vaping expectancy measure.

Methods: A focus group with adolescents evaluated potential e-cigarette expectancy items. A panel of national experts assisted in revision of these items. Finally, items were administered to a sample of adolescents 14-17 years old (N = 267, Mean age 15.6, SD = 1.1, 50.9% Female, 50.2% Non-Hispanic White, 22.5% Non-Hispanic Black, 14.2% Hispanic) in a large Southeastern metropolitan area in the United States.

Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a four factor solution: Negative Consequences (Cronbach's α = .92); Positive Reinforcement (α = .83); Negative Affect Reduction (α = .95); and Weight Control (α = .89). Subscales were significantly correlated with vaping susceptibility and lifetime vaping. Subscales successfully differentiated susceptible adolescents from confirmed non-susceptible adolescents, with susceptible adolescents reporting more positive expectancies, eg, Positive Reinforcement, M = 5.0, SD = 2.0 vs M = 3.0, SD = 2.1, P < .001, η2 = 0.19, and less negative expectancies, M = 5.5, SD = 2.3 vs M = 6.5, SD = 2.6, P = .001, η2 = 0.04. Similar results were found comparing adolescents who have never vaped nicotine with those who have vaped nicotine. Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated subscales were significant predictors of lifetime vaping after controlling for demographics, vaping ad exposure, and peer/family vaping.

Conclusions: A preliminary version of an adolescent expectancy measure appears reliable and valid based on expert input and pilot testing with adolescents. Promising results were found in the domains of concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity. Future research and evaluation efforts will be able to use this tool to further prevention and treatment goals.

背景:电子尼古丁输送系统("电子烟")是青少年最常使用的尼古丁产品。研究、治疗和政策可以从青少年对电子烟使用结果的信念(即期望值)的测量中获益。在本研究中,我们开发并测试了一种青少年电子尼古丁吸食期望测量方法:方法:一个由青少年组成的焦点小组评估了潜在的电子烟预期项目。国内专家小组协助修订了这些项目。最后,对美国东南部大都会地区 14-17 岁的青少年样本(N = 267,平均年龄 15.6 岁,SD = 1.1,50.9% 为女性,50.2% 为非西班牙裔白人,22.5% 为非西班牙裔黑人,14.2% 为西班牙裔)进行了测试:探索性因子分析显示出四个因子解决方案:消极后果(Cronbach's α = .92);积极强化(α = .83);减少消极情绪(α = .95);体重控制(α = .89)。各分量表与吸烟易感性和终生吸烟显著相关。各分量表成功地区分了易感青少年和已确认的非易感青少年,易感青少年报告了更多的积极期望,例如,积极强化,M = 5.0,SD = 2.0 vs M = 3.0,SD = 2.1,P < .001,η2 = 0.19,以及更少的消极期望,M = 5.5,SD = 2.3 vs M = 6.5,SD = 2.6,P = .001,η2 = 0.04。将从未吸食过尼古丁的青少年与吸食过尼古丁的青少年进行比较,也发现了类似的结果。层次线性回归结果表明,在控制了人口统计学、吸食毒品广告接触以及同伴/家庭吸食毒品等因素后,子量表对终生吸食毒品有显著的预测作用:根据专家意见和对青少年的试点测试,青少年期望值测量的初步版本似乎是可靠和有效的。在并发效度、判别效度和增量效度方面都取得了令人满意的结果。未来的研究和评估工作将能够利用这一工具进一步实现预防和治疗目标。
{"title":"Adolescent E-Cigarette Expectancies: Measure Development and Preliminary Validity of the Electronic Nicotine Vaping Outcomes Measure for Youth.","authors":"Paul T Harrell, Kelli J England, Tracey E Barnett, Vani N Simmons, Richard W Handel, Amy C Paulson","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241266563","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241266563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic nicotine delivery systems (\"e-cigarettes\") are the nicotine product most commonly used by adolescents. Research, treatment, and policy could benefit from measures of adolescent e-cigarette beliefs about outcomes of use (ie, expectancies). In the current study, we developed and tested an adolescent electronic nicotine vaping expectancy measure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A focus group with adolescents evaluated potential e-cigarette expectancy items. A panel of national experts assisted in revision of these items. Finally, items were administered to a sample of adolescents 14-17 years old (N = 267, <i>Mean age</i> 15.6, <i>SD</i> = 1.1, 50.9% Female, 50.2% Non-Hispanic White, 22.5% Non-Hispanic Black, 14.2% Hispanic) in a large Southeastern metropolitan area in the United States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a four factor solution: Negative Consequences (Cronbach's α = .92); Positive Reinforcement (α = .83); Negative Affect Reduction (α = .95); and Weight Control (α = .89). Subscales were significantly correlated with vaping susceptibility and lifetime vaping. Subscales successfully differentiated susceptible adolescents from confirmed non-susceptible adolescents, with susceptible adolescents reporting more positive expectancies, eg, Positive Reinforcement, <i>M</i> = 5.0, <i>SD</i> = 2.0 vs <i>M</i> = 3.0, <i>SD</i> = 2.1, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = 0.19, and less negative expectancies, <i>M</i> = 5.5, <i>SD</i> = 2.3 vs <i>M</i> = 6.5, <i>SD</i> = 2.6, <i>P</i> = .001, η<sup>2</sup> = 0.04. Similar results were found comparing adolescents who have never vaped nicotine with those who have vaped nicotine. Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated subscales were significant predictors of lifetime vaping after controlling for demographics, vaping ad exposure, and peer/family vaping.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A preliminary version of an adolescent expectancy measure appears reliable and valid based on expert input and pilot testing with adolescents. Promising results were found in the domains of concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity. Future research and evaluation efforts will be able to use this tool to further prevention and treatment goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241266563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activity of the Tobacco Industry in Research and Scientific Literature. 烟草业在研究和科学文献方面的活动。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241271566
Markus Braun, Doris Klingelhöfer, Dörthe Brüggmann, David A Groneberg

Introduction: Tobacco companies conduct and fund research. They are not always interested in open-ended research. They promote their interests through public relations campaigns. It's a proven fact that they influence the scientific community by impairing scientific reputation, especially in the case of health-related research.

Methods: To obtain a comprehensive picture of research and funding activities of the tobacco industry as well as studies about the tobacco industry, respective scientific articles were analyzed in terms of temporal aspects, research areas, networking, and funding sources using established and advanced bibliometric methods.

Results: We found the foci of publications with tobacco industry involvement or funding were mainly in chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, and agricultural sciences. Health-related scopes occurred much less frequently. In contrast, health and medical sciences were the main focus of publications on the tobacco industry. The Chinese state-owned CNTC was the most research-involved tobacco company and often networked with Chinese academic institutions. Whereas, Western universities, on the other hand, collaborated with tobacco companies to a much lesser extent.

Conclusion: Conflicts of interest of researchers or academic institutions with the tobacco industry occur repeatedly. That is highly problematic and should not be ignored by the scientific community. The science and the public should be skeptical about tobacco industry-supported research.

导言:烟草公司开展并资助研究。它们并不总是对开放式研究感兴趣。他们通过公关活动来促进自己的利益。事实证明,他们通过损害科学界的声誉来影响科学界,尤其是在与健康相关的研究中:为了全面了解烟草行业的研究和资助活动以及有关烟草行业的研究,我们采用成熟和先进的文献计量学方法,从时间方面、研究领域、网络和资金来源等方面对相关科学文章进行了分析:我们发现,有烟草业参与或资助的出版物主要集中在化学、毒理学、药理学和农业科学领域。与健康相关的领域则较少出现。相比之下,健康和医学科学是有关烟草行业的出版物的主要重点。中国国有企业中国烟草总公司是参与研究最多的烟草企业,并经常与中国的学术机构建立联系。而西方大学与烟草公司的合作则少得多:结论:研究人员或学术机构与烟草行业的利益冲突屡屡发生。结论:研究人员或学术机构与烟草业的利益冲突屡屡发生,这是一个很大的问题,科学界不应忽视。科学界和公众应该对烟草业支持的研究持怀疑态度。
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引用次数: 0
The Economic Costs of Tobacco Related Illnesses in Kenya. 肯尼亚烟草相关疾病的经济成本。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241272385
Daniel Mwai, Gladwell Gathecha, David Njuguna, Jane Ongango, Valerian Mwenda, Dorcas Kiptui, Ann Kendagor, Samuel Cheburet, Shukri Mohamed, Florence Jaguga, Beatrice Mugi, Kennedy Okinda, Lazarus Odeny, Easter Olwanda, Micheal K Boachie

Objective: To estimate the economic costs of selected tobacco-related illnesses (TRI) in Kenya in 2022.

Research design and methods: This study was conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1, conducted between 2021 and 2022, entailed conducting a cross-sectional study conducted in 4 national public referral hospitals in Kenya. Patients with cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or tuberculosis were interviewed to compute the indirect and direct medical costs related to the illness. Activity-Based Costing approach was used to capture costs for services along the continuum of care pathway. In the second phase, the Tobacco Attributable Factor was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and ultimately economic cost due to tobacco smoking.

Results: The estimated health care cost attributed to tobacco use in Kenya is US$396,107,364. Among TRIs included in the study, myocardial infarction had the highest health care cost at US$158,687,627, followed by peripheral arterial disease and stroke with health care cost of US$64,723,181 and US$44,746,700 respectively. The main cost driver across all the illnesses is the cost for medication accounting for over 90% of the total health care cost. The productivity losses from the diseases ranged between US$148 to US$360 and accounted for 27% to 48% of the economic costs. The total cost attributable to tobacco use to Kenya's economy for the selected TRIs was between US$544.74 million and US$756.22 million.

Conclusions/interpretation: Tobacco related illnesses impose a significant economic burden as reported for direct and indirect costs. These findings underscore the need for strengthened implementation of the provision of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Tobacco Control Act (2007) to facilitate a reduction in tobacco consumption in the population.

目标:估算 2022 年肯尼亚某些烟草相关疾病(TRI)的经济成本:估算 2022 年肯尼亚选定的烟草相关疾病(TRI)的经济成本:本研究分两个阶段进行。第一阶段在 2021 年至 2022 年期间进行,需要在肯尼亚的 4 家国家公立转诊医院开展横断面研究。对心血管疾病、癌症、慢性阻塞性肺病或肺结核患者进行访谈,计算与疾病相关的间接和直接医疗成本。采用基于活动的成本计算方法来获取连续护理路径上的服务成本。在第二阶段,使用烟草归因因子估算因吸烟导致的直接、间接和最终经济成本:结果:肯尼亚烟草使用导致的医疗成本估计为 396,107,364 美元。在纳入研究的 TRI 中,心肌梗死的医疗成本最高,为 158,687,627 美元,其次是外周动脉疾病和中风,医疗成本分别为 64,723,181 美元和 44,746,700 美元。所有疾病的主要费用驱动因素是药物费用,占医疗费用总额的 90% 以上。疾病造成的生产力损失介于 148 美元至 360 美元之间,占经济成本的 27% 至 48%。在选定的 TRI 中,烟草使用给肯尼亚经济造成的总成本在 5.4474 亿美元至 7.5622 亿美元之间:根据直接和间接成本报告,烟草相关疾病造成了巨大的经济负担。这些调查结果表明,有必要加强执行《烟草控制框架公约》和《烟草控制法》(2007 年)的规定,以促进减少人口中的烟草消费。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of a Smoking Cessation Education Program on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy of Community Pharmacists in Japan: A Quasi-Experimental Study. 戒烟教育计划对日本社区药剂师的知识、态度和自我效能的影响:一项准实验研究
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241272362
Mitsuko Onda, Michiko Horiguchi, Masayuki Domichi, Naoki Sakane

Background: Supporting smoking cessation at pharmacies can be challenging owing to difficulties in recruiting smokers to participate in cessation programs, insufficient communication skills among pharmacists, and lack of knowledge and self-efficacy in successfully quitting smoking in Japan.

Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a smoking cessation training program on community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in supporting smoking cessation.

Methods: The study, conducted in Japanese pharmacies with 100 community pharmacists, employed a quasi-experimental design. Two online training programs were implemented. Participants completed a web-based survey assessing their knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in supporting smoking cessation before, immediately after, and 1 year after the training program. A two-way analysis of variance with a mixed model was used to examine score changes at each time point.

Results: Total knowledge scores significantly increased between baseline and immediately after training and baseline and 1 year after training. The total attitude scores between baseline and immediately after training differed significantly. However, no differences were noted between baseline and 1 year after training. Total self-efficacy scores significantly increased at baseline, immediately after training, and between baseline and 1 year after training. Despite no significant interactions between the programs, there was a partial interaction effect on knowledge, with only the customized program having items whose knowledge levels improved after 1 year.

Conclusion and relevance: The training program improved community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy regarding smoking cessation support. The customized program must be reinforced to improve support performance and maintain attitude.

背景:在日本,由于难以招募吸烟者参与戒烟项目、药剂师沟通技巧不足以及缺乏成功戒烟的知识和自我效能感,在药房支持戒烟可能具有挑战性:本研究评估了戒烟培训项目对社区药剂师支持戒烟的知识、态度和自我效能的影响:研究采用准实验设计,在日本药房对 100 名社区药剂师进行了培训。研究实施了两个在线培训项目。参加者在培训前、培训后和培训一年后分别完成了一项网络调查,以评估他们在支持戒烟方面的知识、态度和自我效能。采用混合模型的双向方差分析来考察每个时间点的得分变化:结果:知识总分在基线与培训结束后、基线与培训结束后一年之间有明显增加。态度总分在基线和培训后立即之间有显著差异。但是,基线与培训后一年之间没有差异。自我效能感的总分在基线、培训后立即以及基线与培训后一年之间都有显著提高。尽管培训计划之间没有明显的交互作用,但在知识方面存在部分交互作用,只有定制培训计划的项目在 1 年后知识水平有所提高:培训项目提高了社区药剂师在戒烟支持方面的知识、态度和自我效能。必须加强定制项目,以提高支持绩效并保持态度。
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引用次数: 0
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