Tobacco Use Insights最新文献

Cigar initiation among youth is a public health hazard. The current study examines the relationship between perceived tobacco accessibility and cigar initiation, with a focus on exploring racial differences in this association. We studied a longitudinal cohort of 5399 youth aged 12-17 who had never used cigars (cigar-naïve) and were surveyed as part of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Using multivariable regression and marginal effects, we modeled cigar initiation within 1-year after the measurement of the perceived tobacco accessibility (very easy/somewhat easy vs somewhat difficult/very difficult). We then explored the interaction between accessibility and race and ethnicity. We additionally used multivariable logistic regression to model changes in perceived accessibility. Approximately 4% of youth started smoking cigars by 1 year later. In our final adjusted model, perceiving tobacco accessibility as very easy/somewhat easy increased the estimated risk of initiating cigars by 59% (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: [1.18, 2.16]). The probability of cigar initiation also increased with each higher level of perceived accessibility. Compared to Non-Hispanic White youth who perceived tobacco to be inaccessible, Hispanic youth who perceived tobacco as accessible were 2 times (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: [1.09, 3.71]) more likely to initiate cigar use by 1 year later. Youth who believe they have easy access to tobacco are at an increased risk of starting to smoke cigars with the risk possibly higher among Hispanic groups. Multi-level approaches focused on reducing tobacco accessibility are needed to successfully reduce cigar initiation among all youth.

Background: Jordan has one of the highest rates of tobacco smokers worldwide. This study aims to assess the prevalence and the determinants of tobacco smoking among university students in Jordan, including sociodemographic and cultural factors as well as knowledge and attitudes towards smoking.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of 763 university students from two public universities in Jordan (The Hashemite University and the University of Jordan) in 2024. The participants filled in a self-administered, structured paper questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multivariate analysis by SPSS version 30. Statistical significance was set at P < .05 to assess the relationships between smoking behavior, sociodemographic factors, and various other variables.

Results: Of the 763 university students who participated in this study, 561 participants (73.5%) were identified as smokers. Gender, age, and nationality were all significantly associated with smoking. However, GPA was inversely correlated with smoking, as the lowest smoking rate was among participants with a GPA between 3.5 and 4. Stress and the number of close friends who smoke were both identified as significant factors associated with smoking. Even though most participants agreed that smoking is a serious health hazard, this was not significantly associated with the intention to stop smoking.

Conclusion: Our study revealed the widespread of smoking among Jordanian university students. We were able to identify multiple significant associations across sociodemographic, knowledge, and attitude factors. Targeted interventions in universities should prioritize smoking cessation programs, awareness campaigns, and academic stress management with a particular focus on addressing peer-driven smoking behaviors.

Objective: This preliminary study aimed to examine the smoking rate among Puerto Rican cancer survivors and identify correlations with demographic, clinical, and psychological factors.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using baseline data from 384 cancer survivors in Puerto Rico, collected between January 2018 and March 2023. Participants were recruited through community support groups and hospital settings. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, cancer type, treatments, psychological distress (assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 for depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety), and smoking behaviors were analyzed. Significant associations with smoking were then tested in a logistic regression model, adjusted for all significant correlations.

Results: 7.5% of the sample reported smoking in the past 6 months, with a median consumption of six cigarettes per day. Depression was the only significant factor correlated with smoking, with participants who smoked reporting higher levels of depression. Other variables, such as age, gender, cancer type, and treatments, showed no significant correlation with smoking behavior. In the logistic regression model, elevated depressive symptoms were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of smoking, with individuals reporting such symptoms being 3.03 times more likely to smoke (95% CI [1.39, 6.63], P = .005). Other variables, such as age, gender, cancer type, and treatments, showed no significant correlation with smoking behavior.

Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are associated with smoking among Puerto Rican cancer survivors. This finding highlights the critical need for integrated mental health screening and support within smoking cessation programs tailored for this population.

Objective: Modified risk tobacco products are emerging that potentially reduce risk or exposure to harmful chemicals compared to cigarettes. Strategies to communicate the risk of using these products can include using quantitative information. Numeracy, the ability to understand and work with numbers, can impact the how people consume and act upon this information. There is a paucity of information on how numeracy affects perceived risks of and tobacco product use.

Methods: In 2023, participants 18 or older (N = 1072), were recruited from a commercial survey panel and completed an online questionnaire that assessed numeracy-related variables, tobacco use, and experiential, affective, and deliberative aspects of perceived cancer risk. Mediation and logistic regression models were conducted to examine the interrelationships between numeracy, risk perception, and tobacco use.

Results: The relation between numeracy and tobacco use was mediated by experiential, affective, and deliberative aspects of cancer risk (eg, increasing preference in numbers when being told the chance of something happening was associated with lower deliberative and higher affective/experiential risk perceptions, which translated into lower (for deliberative) and higher (for experiential) likelihood of no past 30-day cigarette use (ab = 0.014, P = 0.005)). The association between numeracy and risk perception differed by tobacco use status.

Conclusion: Results suggest that numeracy-related variables, and specifically individuals' preferences in how they obtain risk information, are associated with risk perception which in turn is associated with tobacco use. These findings provide evidence to inform the development of educational programs designed to incorporate different numeracy levels that target specific constructs of risk perceptions associated with tobacco use.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with consumption of smokeless tobacco (SLT) at Nikki, northern Benin.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional interview study carried out from November 2023 to September 2024 among adults aged≥18 years, after a process of two-stage random sampling.

Results: Overall, 688 participants were interviewed. Their mean age was 32.2 ± 13.3 years with a male-female ratio of 4.5:1. The prevalence of current SLT use (defined as currently consumption or consumption in the last 12 months) was 26.9% (95% CI = 23.7-30.3) while that of daily use was 15.1% (95% CI = 12.6-18.0). Factors associated with SLT consumption were age ≥30 years (aPR = 3.7; P < 0.001), male gender (aPR = 10.8; P < 0.001), not attending school (aPR = 4.1; P = 0.035), alcohol consumption (aPR = 4.0; P < 0.001), lack of awareness of the harm caused by SLT (aPR = 2.2; P < 0.001), a impression of SLT being less harmful compared with smoking tobacco (aPR = 5.2; P < 0.001), peer pressure and influence (aPR = 2.9; P = 0.001) and exposure to marketing (aPR = 3.5; P < 0.001). The possible association of SLT with harmful health risks was known by 399 (58%) participants.

Conclusion: The prevalence of SLT use was high among adults in Nikki, northern Benin. Raising awareness and regulating the sale of SLT products would help to mitigate this scourge; and further qualitative research are needed to determine the socio-cultural determinants of SLT consumption.

Introduction: Loneliness, a feeling of inadequate social relationships, is associated with behavioural health issues. This study examines the co-occurrence of loneliness and nicotine use (e-cigarettes, cigarettes and waterpipe (WP)) among adolescents aged 9-17 years in Germany.

Methods: Data were derived from the eighth wave of the "Präventionsradar", an annual school-based survey in Germany. The sample included 23 009 adolescents aged 9-17 years, from 107 schools and 1449 classes, who completed online questionnaires between November 2023 and February 2024. Prevalence rates and multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess associations between loneliness, measured using the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale, and current nicotine use, adjusting for covariates (age, gender, social status, sensation seeking, school type).

Results: Loneliness was reported by 31.5% of adolescents. It was associated with current cigarette use (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.43-2.02), e-cigarette use (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.38-1.83), WP use (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25-2.13), and any nicotine product use (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.80). Early adolescents (11- to 14-year-olds) experiencing loneliness showed a higher risk of WP use (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.16-3.13) and nicotine use (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.07-1.80) compared to middle adolescents (15- to 17-year-olds).

Conclusions: Loneliness is prevalent and significantly linked to nicotine use among German adolescents, highlighting the need to address social factors in nicotine prevention efforts. The cross-sectional design limits causal inference.

Background: The rise in vaping use across high-income countries is driven partly by marketing, advertising, and flavors promoted by e-cigarette producer firms. The current study aim is to examine the potential variation in the relative research volume on vaping products between countries with highest level of tobacco banning internet advertising and those with no ban on tobacco internet advertising. Method: We used weekly relative search volume (RSV) data produced by Google Trends (GT). A total of eight countries included in the study, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United States, Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia. The countries were regrouped into ban in internet advertising countries, and the no bans in internet advertising countries. Results: The trend test indicates a statistically significant upward trend in GT vaping search volume across all the included countries. However, the percentage increase of search volume for the ads no ban group was higher than ban group. There is a statistically significant difference in median between the two group, (P < 0.0007), (median, 6.25 [IQR, 0.103] for the ban in internet advertising countries vs (median 7.5 Interquartile Ranges (IQR), [0.542] for the no bans on internet advertising countries. Conclusion: Countries with stringent bans on online tobacco advertising have shown lower levels of vaping-related search interest, indicating the potential effectiveness of such regulations. Our research underscores the importance of emphasizing comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and sales online could help mitigate the upward trend in vaping interest.

Background: There has been an accelerated increase in vaping prevalence among adolescents worldwide, including in New Zealand. However, few studies have examined vaping among Asian adolescent populations in New Zealand. Objective: This study aimed to investigate vaping in New Zealand adolescents over time including sources of and reasons for vaping (data available for 2021 and 2022) according to ethnicity (Asian vs Non-Asian), gender (girl vs boy vs other) and Asian major subgroupings (Chinese vs Indian vs 'Other Asian'). Method: We analysed the annual ASH Year 10 Snapshot Surveys of 14 and 15 year old school-children from 2014 to 2022. We used a two-sample t-test to detect the differences between two point periods and a Chi-square test to detect associations between ethnicity and sources or reasons for vaping. Binary logistic regression was used to assess vaping trends over time. Results: From 2014 to 2022, vaping prevalence increased significantly in all adolescents (two-sided P < 0.001) while smoking prevalence decreased. However, vaping prevalence among Asian adolescents was lower and had a slower rate of growth than Non-Asian adolescents. Among Asian major subgroupings, Indian adolescents showed the highest vaping prevalence (ever vaping = 21.1%, 95% CI 18.7 - 23.7 and current vaping = 6.2%, 95% CI 4.8 - 7.8) in 2022 and, in all ethnic groupings, vaping in girls overtook that of boys. For Asian adolescents, in 2022, the most common sources of vapes was social supply (70%, P = 0.190) and the most common reason for vaping was experimentation (60%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Asian adolescents in New Zealand exhibited vaping behaviours comparable to those of their Non-Asian counterparts, with some unique patterns within subpopulations, highlighting the need for more in-depth ethnic- and gender-specific research to further examine their vaping behaviours for appropriate interventions, policies and regulations.

Objective: This study assessed the association between various routes of tobacco use and hypertension while exploring the roles of confounders and effect modifiers among the adult rural people of Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a combination of open and closed-ended questionnaires. Data were collected from 496 adult rural patients during their doctor visits. All the data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 statistical software. Continuous variables were summarized as Means (M) and Standard Deviations (SD), and categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and proportions. Logistic regression model assessed associations with Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CIs).

Results: Among the 496 participants, 50.8% were female, with an average age of 49.5 ± 11.8 years (M ± SD). 19/496 (3.83%) of inhaled smoker participants had hypertension. 58/496 (11.69%) of the chewing tobacco users were discovered to be hypertensive. The combined use of both inhalation and chewing tobacco was associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.64-2.49), while inhalation tobacco was not (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05-0.53). Betel leaf use was prevalent among chewing tobacco users but did not significantly modify the association with hypertension. Age was identified as an independent variable that did not confound or modify the association between tobacco use and hypertension.

Conclusion: Together, inhalation and chewing of tobacco may increase hypertension risk, necessitating targeted public health interventions to curb its use among adult Bangladeshi rural populations. Nevertheless, we cannot establish temporality or causality from this study.