Pub Date : 2024-06-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241259605
Christopher Hariri Mbotwa, Linus Paul Rweyemamu
Background: Tobacco use is a significant public health challenge, contributing to preventable diseases and premature deaths globally. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among men in Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey. The study population comprised men aged 15-49 years. Weighted logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with tobacco use. Results: A total of 5763 men with a mean age of 28.6 ± 10 years were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of tobacco use was 11.1%, with 95% of users consuming smoked products, 17.1% using smokeless products, and 12.1% using both smoked and smokeless products. Older age was associated with increased odds of tobacco use, with odds of tobacco use increasing with each higher age group. Similarly, alcohol consumption was associated with greater odds of tobacco use. On the other hand, having a secondary education or higher, lack of occupation, being the head of the household, and owning a mobile telephone were associated with lower odds of tobacco use. Geographically, men from the Eastern zone and Zanzibar exhibited greater odds of tobacco use, while those from the Southern highlands zone had lower odds. Conclusion: This study revealed a significant prevalence of tobacco use among Tanzanian men and was associated with different individual, interpersonal, and community factors. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions considering age-specific risk factors and geographical variations.
{"title":"Tobacco Use and Associated Factors Among Men in Tanzania: Further Analysis of the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Data.","authors":"Christopher Hariri Mbotwa, Linus Paul Rweyemamu","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241259605","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241259605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tobacco use is a significant public health challenge, contributing to preventable diseases and premature deaths globally. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among men in Tanzania. <b>Methods:</b> This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey. The study population comprised men aged 15-49 years. Weighted logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with tobacco use. <b>Results:</b> A total of 5763 men with a mean age of 28.6 ± 10 years were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of tobacco use was 11.1%, with 95% of users consuming smoked products, 17.1% using smokeless products, and 12.1% using both smoked and smokeless products. Older age was associated with increased odds of tobacco use, with odds of tobacco use increasing with each higher age group. Similarly, alcohol consumption was associated with greater odds of tobacco use. On the other hand, having a secondary education or higher, lack of occupation, being the head of the household, and owning a mobile telephone were associated with lower odds of tobacco use. Geographically, men from the Eastern zone and Zanzibar exhibited greater odds of tobacco use, while those from the Southern highlands zone had lower odds. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study revealed a significant prevalence of tobacco use among Tanzanian men and was associated with different individual, interpersonal, and community factors. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions considering age-specific risk factors and geographical variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241257683
Le Thi Thanh Huong, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Le Tu Hoang, Phan Van Can, Thang Nguyen-Tien, Nguyen Quynh Anh, Phan Thi Thu Trang, Nguyen Thi Huong, Dao Le Hoang Minh, Luong Ngoc Khue, Phan Thi Hai, Nguyen Thuy Linh, Duong Tu Anh, Hoang Van Minh
Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) has detrimental effects on community health, including coronary heart diseases, stroke, lung cancer etc. This manuscript exploited data from the Vietnam Population-based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) in 2022 to update the prevalence of adult exposure to SHS and associated socio-demographic factors. Methods: With the sample size of 71,981 adults aged 15+ throughout 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam, data was collected using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression modelling were performed. Results: In the past 30 days, 44.4% (95% CI: 44.0%-44.9%) adults aged 15+ exposed to SHS at home while 23.1% (95% CI: 22.6%-23.6%) exposed to SHS at work. Female exposure to SHS in the past 30 days was higher at homes but lower at indoor workplaces. Participants aged 15-24 were likely to have higher odds of SHS exposure in the past 30 days to other age groups. Those living in the urban areas had 1.15 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) of exposure to SHS than those in the rural areas. Current smokers tended to have 2.2 times higher odds of exposure to SHS at the indoor workplaces compared to non-smokers (95% CI: 2.05-2.37). Conclusions: The prevalence of exposure to SHS at home was still relatively high amongst the adult population. While there was a significant reduction of SHS exposure at indoor workplaces, there was a higher prevalence of women being exposed to SHS at home. The Government of Vietnam should continue to strictly implement the smoke-free environment resolution at indoor workplaces and appropriate communication campaigns to protect people, especially women from SHS exposure at homes.
{"title":"Secondhand Smoke and Socio-Demographic Associated Factors: Results From the Vietnam Population-Based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2022.","authors":"Le Thi Thanh Huong, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Le Tu Hoang, Phan Van Can, Thang Nguyen-Tien, Nguyen Quynh Anh, Phan Thi Thu Trang, Nguyen Thi Huong, Dao Le Hoang Minh, Luong Ngoc Khue, Phan Thi Hai, Nguyen Thuy Linh, Duong Tu Anh, Hoang Van Minh","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241257683","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241257683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Secondhand smoke (SHS) has detrimental effects on community health, including coronary heart diseases, stroke, lung cancer etc. This manuscript exploited data from the Vietnam Population-based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) in 2022 to update the prevalence of adult exposure to SHS and associated socio-demographic factors. <b>Methods:</b> With the sample size of 71,981 adults aged 15+ throughout 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam, data was collected using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression modelling were performed. <b>Results:</b> In the past 30 days, 44.4% (95% CI: 44.0%-44.9%) adults aged 15+ exposed to SHS at home while 23.1% (95% CI: 22.6%-23.6%) exposed to SHS at work. Female exposure to SHS in the past 30 days was higher at homes but lower at indoor workplaces. Participants aged 15-24 were likely to have higher odds of SHS exposure in the past 30 days to other age groups. Those living in the urban areas had 1.15 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) of exposure to SHS than those in the rural areas. Current smokers tended to have 2.2 times higher odds of exposure to SHS at the indoor workplaces compared to non-smokers (95% CI: 2.05-2.37). <b>Conclusions:</b> The prevalence of exposure to SHS at home was still relatively high amongst the adult population. While there was a significant reduction of SHS exposure at indoor workplaces, there was a higher prevalence of women being exposed to SHS at home. The Government of Vietnam should continue to strictly implement the smoke-free environment resolution at indoor workplaces and appropriate communication campaigns to protect people, especially women from SHS exposure at homes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241258347
Uzma Naseeb, Muhammad Tauseef Alam, Faariah Pervez, Muhammad Saqlain Mustafa, Umama Azam, Sindhu Laila, Muhammad Ashir Shafique
Background: Passive smoking, the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke, poses significant health risks; however, its prevalence and impact on medical and dental students in Karachi, Pakistan, remain understudied. Therefore, this research aims to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding passive smoking among medical and dental students and will help shed light on their awareness, perceptions, and behaviours regarding this public health concern.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months, involving 378 medical and dental students (303 medical and 75 dental students)from various universities in Karachi. Participants completed a questionnaire to gather information on demographics, awareness of passive smoking, perceptions of its health effects, and actions taken in response to exposure.
Results: The majority of participants demonstrated awareness of passive smoking 320 (84.7%) and believed that it was essentially linked to active smoking 320 (84.7%). Cigarette smoke was identified as the primary contributor to passive smoking 345 (91.3%). A significant proportion of participants believed that children and pregnant women exposed to passive smoking had elevated health risks. In areas where smoking is not permissible, less than half of the participants 173 (45.8%) reminded smokers about the smoking regulations, and a few even referred smokers for counselling 141 (37.3%). Males are usually indifferent to smokers around them, whereas females are found uncomfortable with smoking in their surroundings.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study highlights the persistent prevalence of passive smoking among medical and dental students in Pakistan. Enforcing strict tobacco control policies, integrating passive smoking education into medical curricula, and improving communication strategies for smoking cessation interventions are crucial steps towards creating smoke-free environments and healthier lifestyles nationwide. Despite awareness among medical and dental students about the dangers of cigarette smoking, their reluctance to urge regular smokers to quit underscores the need for improved communication between smokers and non-smokers to foster a cleaner and hazard-free environment.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Passive Smoking Among Medical and Dental Students of Karachi: A Survey-Based Study.","authors":"Uzma Naseeb, Muhammad Tauseef Alam, Faariah Pervez, Muhammad Saqlain Mustafa, Umama Azam, Sindhu Laila, Muhammad Ashir Shafique","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241258347","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241258347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Passive smoking, the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke, poses significant health risks; however, its prevalence and impact on medical and dental students in Karachi, Pakistan, remain understudied. Therefore, this research aims to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding passive smoking among medical and dental students and will help shed light on their awareness, perceptions, and behaviours regarding this public health concern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months, involving 378 medical and dental students (303 medical and 75 dental students)from various universities in Karachi. Participants completed a questionnaire to gather information on demographics, awareness of passive smoking, perceptions of its health effects, and actions taken in response to exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of participants demonstrated awareness of passive smoking 320 (84.7%) and believed that it was essentially linked to active smoking 320 (84.7%). Cigarette smoke was identified as the primary contributor to passive smoking 345 (91.3%). A significant proportion of participants believed that children and pregnant women exposed to passive smoking had elevated health risks. In areas where smoking is not permissible, less than half of the participants 173 (45.8%) reminded smokers about the smoking regulations, and a few even referred smokers for counselling 141 (37.3%). Males are usually indifferent to smokers around them, whereas females are found uncomfortable with smoking in their surroundings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our study highlights the persistent prevalence of passive smoking among medical and dental students in Pakistan. Enforcing strict tobacco control policies, integrating passive smoking education into medical curricula, and improving communication strategies for smoking cessation interventions are crucial steps towards creating smoke-free environments and healthier lifestyles nationwide. Despite awareness among medical and dental students about the dangers of cigarette smoking, their reluctance to urge regular smokers to quit underscores the need for improved communication between smokers and non-smokers to foster a cleaner and hazard-free environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11119405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241253229
Heather Leutwyler, Erin Hubbard, Gary Humfleet, Richard Souza, Dennys Balestra, Margaret Wallhagen
Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for excess morbidity and mortality in adults with serious mental illness (SMI). Many smokers with SMI are reportedly motivated to quit, however success rates among these smokers remain low and evidence-based treatment targeting this vulnerable group is limited. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a qualitative inquiry of participants. Methods: We conducted a pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) targeting adults with SMI. Our smoking cessation intervention included: (a) group-based physical activity (PA) game intervention (50 minutes, 3X/week for 12 weeks), (b) pharmacotherapy (bupropion or nicotine replacement therapy), and (c) smoking cessation counseling. Upon completion of the program, participants in the active and control groups completed a qualitative semi-structured interview in order to determine how the program impacted their smoking cessation. Grounded Theory methodology guided our data collection and analysis. Results: Twenty participants completed an interview. Participants described how the "whole package" of the 3 components of the intervention were critical to their smoking cessation process. The group-based program provided the structure, resources, and encouragement needed to start the process of quitting. Conclusion: Adults with SMI need support, resources, and engaging activities as they begin quitting and practice the skills needed to quit.
{"title":"The Whole Package: A Multi-Component Smoking Cessation Intervention for Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Heather Leutwyler, Erin Hubbard, Gary Humfleet, Richard Souza, Dennys Balestra, Margaret Wallhagen","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241253229","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241253229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Smoking is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for excess morbidity and mortality in adults with serious mental illness (SMI). Many smokers with SMI are reportedly motivated to quit, however success rates among these smokers remain low and evidence-based treatment targeting this vulnerable group is limited. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a qualitative inquiry of participants. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) targeting adults with SMI. Our smoking cessation intervention included: (a) group-based physical activity (PA) game intervention (50 minutes, 3X/week for 12 weeks), (b) pharmacotherapy (bupropion or nicotine replacement therapy), and (c) smoking cessation counseling. Upon completion of the program, participants in the active and control groups completed a qualitative semi-structured interview in order to determine how the program impacted their smoking cessation. Grounded Theory methodology guided our data collection and analysis. <b>Results:</b> Twenty participants completed an interview. Participants described how the \"whole package\" of the 3 components of the intervention were critical to their smoking cessation process. The group-based program provided the structure, resources, and encouragement needed to start the process of quitting. <b>Conclusion:</b> Adults with SMI need support, resources, and engaging activities as they begin quitting and practice the skills needed to quit.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241254803
Alison G Holt, Andrea Hussong, M Gabriela Castro, Kelly Bossenbroek Fedoriw, Allison M Schmidt, Amy Prentice, Orrin D Ware
Tobacco use is associated with morbidity and mortality. Many individuals who present to treatment facilities with substance use disorders (SUDs) other than tobacco use disorder also smoke cigarettes or have a concomitant tobacco use disorder. Despite high rates of smoking among those with an SUD, and numerous demonstrated benefits of comprehensive SUD treatment for tobacco use in addition to co-occurring SUDs, not all facilities address the treatment of comorbid tobacco use disorder. In addition, facilities vary widely in terms of tobacco use policies on campus. This study examined SUD facility smoking policies in a national sample of N = 16,623 SUD treatment providers in the United States in 2021. Most facilities with outpatient treatment (52.1%) and facilities with residential treatment (67.8%) had a smoking policy that permitted smoking in designated outdoor area(s). A multinomial logistic regression model found that among facilities with outpatient treatment (n = 13,778), those located in a state with laws requiring tobacco free grounds at SUD facilities, those with tobacco screening/education/counseling services, and those with nicotine pharmacotherapy were less likely to have an unrestrictive tobacco smoking policy. Among facilities with residential treatment (n = 3449), those with tobacco screening/education/counseling services were less likely to have an unrestrictive tobacco smoking policy. There is variability in smoking policies and tobacco use treatment options in SUD treatment facilities across the United States. Since tobacco use is associated with negative biomedical outcomes, more should be done to ensure that SUD treatment also focuses on reducing the harms of tobacco use.
烟草使用与发病率和死亡率相关。在治疗机构就诊的除烟草使用障碍以外的药物使用障碍(SUD)患者中,很多人也吸烟或同时患有烟草使用障碍。尽管患有药物滥用障碍的人吸烟率很高,而且许多事实证明,除了并发的药物滥用障碍外,对烟草使用的综合药物滥用障碍治疗也很有益处,但并不是所有的机构都能治疗并发的烟草使用障碍。此外,各机构在校园内的烟草使用政策也大相径庭。本研究对 2021 年美国 16623 家 SUD 治疗机构的吸烟政策进行了抽样调查。大多数门诊治疗机构(52.1%)和住院治疗机构(67.8%)的吸烟政策允许在指定的室外区域吸烟。多项式逻辑回归模型发现,在门诊治疗机构(n = 13,778)中,那些位于法律要求SDD机构无烟场所的州的机构、那些提供烟草筛查/教育/咨询服务的机构以及那些提供尼古丁药物治疗的机构不太可能制定无限制的吸烟政策。在提供住院治疗的机构(n = 3449)中,提供烟草筛查/教育/咨询服务的机构制定无限制吸烟政策的可能性较低。美国各地的 SUD 治疗机构在吸烟政策和烟草使用治疗方案方面存在差异。由于烟草使用与负面的生物医学结果有关,因此应采取更多措施,确保药物依赖性精神疾病的治疗也注重减少烟草使用的危害。
{"title":"Smoking Policies of Outpatient and Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities in the United States.","authors":"Alison G Holt, Andrea Hussong, M Gabriela Castro, Kelly Bossenbroek Fedoriw, Allison M Schmidt, Amy Prentice, Orrin D Ware","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241254803","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241254803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tobacco use is associated with morbidity and mortality. Many individuals who present to treatment facilities with substance use disorders (SUDs) other than tobacco use disorder also smoke cigarettes or have a concomitant tobacco use disorder. Despite high rates of smoking among those with an SUD, and numerous demonstrated benefits of comprehensive SUD treatment for tobacco use in addition to co-occurring SUDs, not all facilities address the treatment of comorbid tobacco use disorder. In addition, facilities vary widely in terms of tobacco use policies on campus. This study examined SUD facility smoking policies in a national sample of N = 16,623 SUD treatment providers in the United States in 2021. Most facilities with outpatient treatment (52.1%) and facilities with residential treatment (67.8%) had a smoking policy that permitted smoking in designated outdoor area(s). A multinomial logistic regression model found that among facilities with outpatient treatment (n = 13,778), those located in a state with laws requiring tobacco free grounds at SUD facilities, those with tobacco screening/education/counseling services, and those with nicotine pharmacotherapy were less likely to have an unrestrictive tobacco smoking policy. Among facilities with residential treatment (n = 3449), those with tobacco screening/education/counseling services were less likely to have an unrestrictive tobacco smoking policy. There is variability in smoking policies and tobacco use treatment options in SUD treatment facilities across the United States. Since tobacco use is associated with negative biomedical outcomes, more should be done to ensure that SUD treatment also focuses on reducing the harms of tobacco use.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241253962
Nina Rossa Haddad, Charbel B Aoun, Abdo Mghames, Mustafa Saleh, Mirna N Chahine
Objective: Smoking habits have widely changed over time; however, they remain a well-known fashion that risks people's health. In addition, nicotine addiction depends on the interplay between several factors. Our study aimed to understand the smoking habits and nicotine dependence in the Lebanese population before (September 2019) and during (June 2020) the economic crisis and COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional survey-based study included 1560 Lebanese individuals aged between 13 and 75 years old from June till October 2020. Data collection was performed through an electronic survey including patients' demographics and validated instruments to assess addiction to nicotine (CAGE, Four C's, Fagerström test, and Smoker's profile scores).
Results: Out of 1560 participants, 794 (50.9%) were males. The mean age was 26.5 ± 11.69 years, and 67.8% were aged between 18 and 25 years old. We found that 865 (55.4%) participants were smokers. In addition, smoking cigarettes or vaping, significantly increased between September 2019 and June 2020. Our smoker group showed a high CAGE positivity (P < .001), marked compulsion (P < .001), and a considerable lack of self-control to surcease smoking (P < .001). Furthermore, the nicotine dependence score (NDS) increased with age (B = .166) and decreased with higher educational levels (B = -.219).
Conclusion: During the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, the Lebanese population showed an increased prevalence of smoking, a high level of CAGE positivity, strong compulsion, and a significant lack of self-control when it came to quitting smoking. This strongly entails public health measures for smoking cessation through national awareness campaigns.
{"title":"Smoking Habits and Nicotine Dependence Among the General Lebanese Population Before and During Both the Economic Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Nina Rossa Haddad, Charbel B Aoun, Abdo Mghames, Mustafa Saleh, Mirna N Chahine","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241253962","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241253962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Smoking habits have widely changed over time; however, they remain a well-known fashion that risks people's health. In addition, nicotine addiction depends on the interplay between several factors. Our study aimed to understand the smoking habits and nicotine dependence in the Lebanese population before (September 2019) and during (June 2020) the economic crisis and COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational cross-sectional survey-based study included 1560 Lebanese individuals aged between 13 and 75 years old from June till October 2020. Data collection was performed through an electronic survey including patients' demographics and validated instruments to assess addiction to nicotine (CAGE, Four C's, Fagerström test, and Smoker's profile scores).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1560 participants, 794 (50.9%) were males. The mean age was 26.5 ± 11.69 years, and 67.8% were aged between 18 and 25 years old. We found that 865 (55.4%) participants were smokers. In addition, smoking cigarettes or vaping, significantly increased between September 2019 and June 2020. Our smoker group showed a high CAGE positivity (<i>P</i> < .001), marked compulsion (<i>P</i> < .001), and a considerable lack of self-control to surcease smoking (<i>P</i> < .001). Furthermore, the nicotine dependence score (NDS) increased with age (B = .166) and decreased with higher educational levels (B = -.219).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, the Lebanese population showed an increased prevalence of smoking, a high level of CAGE positivity, strong compulsion, and a significant lack of self-control when it came to quitting smoking. This strongly entails public health measures for smoking cessation through national awareness campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241251805
Pallavi Kulkarni, Joseph Dao, Tonya S King, Jessica Yingst, Karen Y Choi
Objective: Smoking cessation is critical in reducing incidence of head and neck cancers (HNC) and improving postoperative outcomes. Accurate documentation of tobacco usage is necessary to understand prevalence in patients to target smoking cessation. This study aims to characterize tobacco usage documentation, including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use, among otolaryngology patients.
Study design: Retrospective chart review.
Setting: Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (PSHMC).
Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on adult otolaryngology patients seen from January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020. Patient demographics, details of alcohol and tobacco usage, including type of tobacco, and subspecialty seen were collected. Associations were evaluated using chi-square tests and a multivariable logistic regression model.
Results: Patients (n = 2137) were an average of 58.4 years old ±18.0, 59.3% female, and 78.0% white. Of participants with documented tobacco history (n = 944), 56.7% were never users, 28.9% were former users, and 14.4% were current users. Among current users (n = 308), 86.4% used cigarettes, and 5.2% used ENDS. The remainder used chew (4.9%) and cigars (3.25%). Odds of tobacco use were 1.5x greater for males (95% CI 1.19-2.00), 1.6x greater for unmarried patients (95% CI 1.24-2.09), 2.1x greater for those with no insurance vs government (95% CI 1.43-3.18), and 2.4x greater for those diagnosed with HNC (95% CI 1.64-3.49).
Conclusion: Most patients report cigarette smoking when asked about tobacco use. Taking into consideration the rise of ENDS use, our sample showed ENDS use that was higher than the national average. There is significant opportunity for improved history taking, especially within general and head and neck oncology subspecialties for more comprehensive treatment.
目的:戒烟对于降低头颈部癌症(HNC)发病率和改善术后效果至关重要。准确记录烟草使用情况对于了解患者的吸烟率以便有针对性地戒烟十分必要。本研究旨在描述耳鼻喉科患者烟草使用记录的特点,包括电子尼古丁给药系统(ENDS)的使用情况:研究设计:回顾性病历审查:宾夕法尼亚州立卫生院米尔顿-S-赫希医疗中心(PSHMC):对 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日期间就诊的耳鼻喉科成人患者进行回顾性病历审查。收集了患者的人口统计学特征、烟酒使用详情(包括烟草类型)以及就诊的亚专科。采用卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归模型对相关性进行评估:患者(n = 2137)平均年龄(±18.0)岁,59.3%为女性,78.0%为白人。在有烟草史记录的参与者(n = 944)中,56.7%从未吸烟,28.9%曾经吸烟,14.4%目前吸烟。在当前使用者(n = 308)中,86.4%使用香烟,5.2%使用ENDS。其余的人使用咀嚼烟(4.9%)和雪茄(3.25%)。男性吸烟的几率是前者的1.5倍(95% CI 1.19-2.00),未婚患者吸烟的几率是前者的1.6倍(95% CI 1.24-2.09),无保险患者吸烟的几率是前者的2.1倍(95% CI 1.43-3.18),确诊为HNC患者吸烟的几率是前者的2.4倍(95% CI 1.64-3.49):结论:当被问及烟草使用情况时,大多数患者都表示吸烟。考虑到ENDS使用率的上升,我们的样本显示ENDS使用率高于全国平均水平。改进病史采集是大有可为的,尤其是在普外科和头颈肿瘤亚专科,以便进行更全面的治疗。
{"title":"Characterizing Tobacco Usage in Otolaryngology Patients to Target Smoking Cessation Efforts.","authors":"Pallavi Kulkarni, Joseph Dao, Tonya S King, Jessica Yingst, Karen Y Choi","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241251805","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241251805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Smoking cessation is critical in reducing incidence of head and neck cancers (HNC) and improving postoperative outcomes. Accurate documentation of tobacco usage is necessary to understand prevalence in patients to target smoking cessation. This study aims to characterize tobacco usage documentation, including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use, among otolaryngology patients.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective chart review.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (PSHMC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted on adult otolaryngology patients seen from January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020. Patient demographics, details of alcohol and tobacco usage, including type of tobacco, and subspecialty seen were collected. Associations were evaluated using chi-square tests and a multivariable logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients (n = 2137) were an average of 58.4 years old ±18.0, 59.3% female, and 78.0% white. Of participants with documented tobacco history (n = 944), 56.7% were never users, 28.9% were former users, and 14.4% were current users. Among current users (n = 308), 86.4% used cigarettes, and 5.2% used ENDS. The remainder used chew (4.9%) and cigars (3.25%). Odds of tobacco use were 1.5x greater for males (95% CI 1.19-2.00), 1.6x greater for unmarried patients (95% CI 1.24-2.09), 2.1x greater for those with no insurance vs government (95% CI 1.43-3.18), and 2.4x greater for those diagnosed with HNC (95% CI 1.64-3.49).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most patients report cigarette smoking when asked about tobacco use. Taking into consideration the rise of ENDS use, our sample showed ENDS use that was higher than the national average. There is significant opportunity for improved history taking, especially within general and head and neck oncology subspecialties for more comprehensive treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11083923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241247414
Matthew James Fagan, Jian Kun Zhan, Kelly B Wunderlich, Guy Faulkner
Many Canadians use nicotine products such as cigarettes and e-cigarettes. A particular subpopulation of concern is post-secondary students given they have a higher prevalence of use. Many correlates of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use have been identified. However, less focus has been on examining the correlates of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use and dual use. This study explores the correlates of different nicotine modality use in post-secondary students. Using data from the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS; n = 27,164), a multi-level nominal regression assessed the correlates of nicotine modality use. In comparison to individuals who were <20, individuals 20-24 (OR = .448, 95% CI .321, .625), 25-29 (OR = .140, 95% CI .093, .212), 30-34 (OR = .076, 95% CI .046, .125) and over 35 (OR = .041, 95% CI .024, .071) had lower odds of e-cigarette use compared to cigarette smoking. Identifying as a woman (OR = 1.553, 95% CI 1.202, 2.006), non-heterosexual (OR = .642, 95% CI = .485,0.851), current cannabis user (OR = 1.651, 95% CI 1.296, 2.104), and being an international student (OR = .350, 95% CI .251, .487) also impacted the odds of e-cigarette use vs only cigarette smoking. When considering dual use vs cigarette smoking, individuals aged 20-24 (OR = .491, 95% CI .337, .717), 25-29 (OR = .221, 95% CI .137, .357), 30-34 (OR = .163, 95% CI .091, .292) and over 35 (OR = .122, 95% CI .065, .230) had lower odds than individuals <20. Current cannabis use (OR = 1.680, 95% CI = 1.209, 2.138), binge drinking (OR = 1.885, 95% CI 1.384, 2.568), and international student status (OR = .689, 95% CI .476, .996) also impacted cigarette smoking vs dual-use. Overall, a minority of young adults (11.5%) at post-secondary institutions in our sample use nicotine products, and the higher prevalence of e-cigarette use warrants continued monitoring. Health promotion campaigns addressing e-cigarette use are required. Additionally, tailored intervention efforts could prioritize the treatment needs of international students studying in Canada.
{"title":"Examining the correlates of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use and dual use among Canadian post-secondary students.","authors":"Matthew James Fagan, Jian Kun Zhan, Kelly B Wunderlich, Guy Faulkner","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241247414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X241247414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many Canadians use nicotine products such as cigarettes and e-cigarettes. A particular subpopulation of concern is post-secondary students given they have a higher prevalence of use. Many correlates of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use have been identified. However, less focus has been on examining the correlates of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use and dual use. This study explores the correlates of different nicotine modality use in post-secondary students. Using data from the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS; <i>n</i> = 27,164), a multi-level nominal regression assessed the correlates of nicotine modality use. In comparison to individuals who were <20, individuals 20-24 (OR = .448, 95% CI .321, .625), 25-29 (OR = .140, 95% CI .093, .212), 30-34 (OR = .076, 95% CI .046, .125) and over 35 (OR = .041, 95% CI .024, .071) had lower odds of e-cigarette use compared to cigarette smoking. Identifying as a woman (OR = 1.553, 95% CI 1.202, 2.006), non-heterosexual (OR = .642, 95% CI = .485,0.851), current cannabis user (OR = 1.651, 95% CI 1.296, 2.104), and being an international student (OR = .350, 95% CI .251, .487) also impacted the odds of e-cigarette use vs only cigarette smoking. When considering dual use vs cigarette smoking, individuals aged 20-24 (OR = .491, 95% CI .337, .717), 25-29 (OR = .221, 95% CI .137, .357), 30-34 (OR = .163, 95% CI .091, .292) and over 35 (OR = .122, 95% CI .065, .230) had lower odds than individuals <20. Current cannabis use (OR = 1.680, 95% CI = 1.209, 2.138), binge drinking (OR = 1.885, 95% CI 1.384, 2.568), and international student status (OR = .689, 95% CI .476, .996) also impacted cigarette smoking vs dual-use. Overall, a minority of young adults (11.5%) at post-secondary institutions in our sample use nicotine products, and the higher prevalence of e-cigarette use warrants continued monitoring. Health promotion campaigns addressing e-cigarette use are required. Additionally, tailored intervention efforts could prioritize the treatment needs of international students studying in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11020737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1179173X241237216
Elizabeth K Do, Megan C Diaz, Adrian Bertrand, Shiyang Michael Liu, Elizabeth C Hair
Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) remain the most used tobacco product among young people in the United States (US). Given the need for current data on popular e-cigarette products, the current study leverages data from a rapid surveillance survey of young people and examines whether the top e-cigarette brands identified from this source align with US market data.
Methodology: Data were obtained from current e-cigarette users (N = 4145) participating in the Truth Continuous Tracker Online (CTO; a cross-sectional tracking survey of 15-24 year-olds sourced from the national Dynata panel) and NielsenIQ retail scanner data, collected in 2022 and aggregated by quarter (Q1, Q2, and Q3). The top 15 e-cigarette brands were determined from respondents' endorsement in the Truth CTO and ranked total sales in NielsenIQ in nominal dollars.
Results: Overall, 58% of e-cigarette brands overlapped across the Truth CTO and NielsenIQ data (60% for Q1, 47% for Q2 and 67% for Q3). Pod-based (JUUL; VUSE) and disposable (Hyde; Breeze Smoke) brands appeared as top brands in both datasets. Top brands were fairly consistent within and across quarters; though, more variability was found in the Truth CTO, relative to NielsenIQ. Many top brands were disposable.
Conclusions: Results suggest that data from rapid surveillance and retail data can be used complementarily to characterize the popular e-cigarette brands currently on the US market. Many of these popular e-cigarette brands have yet to receive marketing granted orders under the US Food and Drug Administration, suggesting the need to continue monitoring e-cigarette brands among young people.
{"title":"E-Cigarette Brand Trends in the United States: An Investigation of Data From a Youth and Young Adult Sample and the E-Cigarette Retail Market (2022).","authors":"Elizabeth K Do, Megan C Diaz, Adrian Bertrand, Shiyang Michael Liu, Elizabeth C Hair","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241237216","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241237216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) remain the most used tobacco product among young people in the United States (US). Given the need for current data on popular e-cigarette products, the current study leverages data from a rapid surveillance survey of young people and examines whether the top e-cigarette brands identified from this source align with US market data.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Data were obtained from current e-cigarette users (N = 4145) participating in the Truth Continuous Tracker Online (CTO; a cross-sectional tracking survey of 15-24 year-olds sourced from the national Dynata panel) and NielsenIQ retail scanner data, collected in 2022 and aggregated by quarter (Q1, Q2, and Q3). The top 15 e-cigarette brands were determined from respondents' endorsement in the Truth CTO and ranked total sales in NielsenIQ in nominal dollars.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 58% of e-cigarette brands overlapped across the Truth CTO and NielsenIQ data (60% for Q1, 47% for Q2 and 67% for Q3). Pod-based (JUUL; VUSE) and disposable (Hyde; Breeze Smoke) brands appeared as top brands in both datasets. Top brands were fairly consistent within and across quarters; though, more variability was found in the Truth CTO, relative to NielsenIQ. Many top brands were disposable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest that data from rapid surveillance and retail data can be used complementarily to characterize the popular e-cigarette brands currently on the US market. Many of these popular e-cigarette brands have yet to receive marketing granted orders under the US Food and Drug Administration, suggesting the need to continue monitoring e-cigarette brands among young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Positive portrayals of tobacco use in entertainment media can normalize and perpetuate use. In 2012, the Government of India implemented the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules, a first-of-its-kind comprehensive regulation to restrict tobacco depiction in films and television programs. Two complementary studies were undertaken to assess the implementation of the film rules on television and in movie theaters.
Methods: In the first part, movie theater observations and exit surveys were conducted from Feb. 3 to March 24, 2015. In total, 308 movie theaters were selected for the observation of films. A total of 3080 exit surveys were conducted to assess moviegoers' reactions toward the film rule. The second part comprised the systematic observation of 424 prerecorded television programs that aired from Nov. 20 to Dec. 30, 2015.
Results: Compliance with the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules policy was lower on television than in movie theaters. While 66% of television programs with tobacco scenes implemented at least 1 of the 3 elements of the film rule, not a single program executed all required elements correctly. In movie theaters, 99% of films that contained tobacco scenes implemented at least one element of the film rule. However, all elements of the film rules were implemented correctly during 27% of the films observed. Exit surveys showed that among moviegoers who recalled viewing at least one element of the film rule, there was increased concern about tobacco's harms and intentions to quit.
Conclusion: Implementation of the film rules was higher in movie theaters than on television, though there were gaps in implementation for both. Despite inconsistent application, audience reactions to the anti-tobacco messages were favorable, with increased concern about tobacco's harms and intention to quit. Overall, the film rules offer a strong tool for countering tobacco promotion, reaching hundreds of millions with anti-tobacco messaging.
{"title":"An Observational Study of the Implementation of the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Policy in India.","authors":"Nalin Singh Negi, Vineet Munish Gill, Meena Maharjan, Praveen Sinha, Pallavi Puri, Vaishakhi Mallik, Sandra Mullin, Fikru Tullu, Nandita Murukutla","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231205377","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X231205377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Positive portrayals of tobacco use in entertainment media can normalize and perpetuate use. In 2012, the Government of India implemented the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules, a first-of-its-kind comprehensive regulation to restrict tobacco depiction in films and television programs. Two complementary studies were undertaken to assess the implementation of the film rules on television and in movie theaters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the first part, movie theater observations and exit surveys were conducted from Feb. 3 to March 24, 2015. In total, 308 movie theaters were selected for the observation of films. A total of 3080 exit surveys were conducted to assess moviegoers' reactions toward the film rule. The second part comprised the systematic observation of 424 prerecorded television programs that aired from Nov. 20 to Dec. 30, 2015.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compliance with the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules policy was lower on television than in movie theaters. While 66% of television programs with tobacco scenes implemented at least 1 of the 3 elements of the film rule, not a single program executed all required elements correctly. In movie theaters, 99% of films that contained tobacco scenes implemented at least one element of the film rule. However, all elements of the film rules were implemented correctly during 27% of the films observed. Exit surveys showed that among moviegoers who recalled viewing at least one element of the film rule, there was increased concern about tobacco's harms and intentions to quit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation of the film rules was higher in movie theaters than on television, though there were gaps in implementation for both. Despite inconsistent application, audience reactions to the anti-tobacco messages were favorable, with increased concern about tobacco's harms and intention to quit. Overall, the film rules offer a strong tool for countering tobacco promotion, reaching hundreds of millions with anti-tobacco messaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10588424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}