Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1755701
E. Edmonds
ABSTRACT Weeks after the Armistice was declared, Principal Librarian William Ifould of the Public Library of New South Wales recommended to Library Trustees that the institution begin to collect ‘private and official documents’ produced during the war. By early December 1918, advertisements began to appear in Australian and New Zealand newspapers, encouraging returning soldiers to sell their personal diaries to the Library. Known as the European War Collecting Project, this acquisition program was the first of its kind in Australia. This paper explores the Library’s acquisition of personal diaries written by those who served and analyses the appraisal methodologies carried out by State Library staff. This case study underscores the recent archival debate which has re-assessed the role of archivists in assessment, appraisal, preservation (and privileging) of some collections over others and argues that archivists mediate and consequently shape the collections in their institutions.
{"title":"Of sentimental value: collecting personal diaries from the First World War","authors":"E. Edmonds","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1755701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1755701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Weeks after the Armistice was declared, Principal Librarian William Ifould of the Public Library of New South Wales recommended to Library Trustees that the institution begin to collect ‘private and official documents’ produced during the war. By early December 1918, advertisements began to appear in Australian and New Zealand newspapers, encouraging returning soldiers to sell their personal diaries to the Library. Known as the European War Collecting Project, this acquisition program was the first of its kind in Australia. This paper explores the Library’s acquisition of personal diaries written by those who served and analyses the appraisal methodologies carried out by State Library staff. This case study underscores the recent archival debate which has re-assessed the role of archivists in assessment, appraisal, preservation (and privileging) of some collections over others and argues that archivists mediate and consequently shape the collections in their institutions.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1755701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42787116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1757474
M. Piggott
ABSTRACT Based on a keynote address to the 2018 International Society for First World War Studies conference, the author’s survey of a centenary of archival endeavour comprises four time periods and two themes. It highlights the unique role of the Australian War Memorial and its initial documentation priorities favouring Dr C.E.W. Bean’s official war history, the battlefront and the war dead. A post-centenary open-ended aftermath is also discussed covering processing backlogs, the prospective idea of ‘digital breakthrough’ and the archival implications of ever-widening understandings of the war and its endless aftermaths. The paper ends with an appeal for new voices in researching the documentation of Australia’s Great War experience.
{"title":"Archives and the Australian Great War centenary: retrospect and prospect","authors":"M. Piggott","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1757474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1757474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on a keynote address to the 2018 International Society for First World War Studies conference, the author’s survey of a centenary of archival endeavour comprises four time periods and two themes. It highlights the unique role of the Australian War Memorial and its initial documentation priorities favouring Dr C.E.W. Bean’s official war history, the battlefront and the war dead. A post-centenary open-ended aftermath is also discussed covering processing backlogs, the prospective idea of ‘digital breakthrough’ and the archival implications of ever-widening understandings of the war and its endless aftermaths. The paper ends with an appeal for new voices in researching the documentation of Australia’s Great War experience.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1757474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42360605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1753544
M. Oppenheimer
ABSTRACT In 2014, as part of their centenary celebrations, the Australian Red Cross initiated a project in which it transferred archives to various national, state and territory institutions across Australia including the University of Melbourne Archives and the State Library of New South Wales. The transfer of this voluminous (but not complete) collection built on earlier transfers of archives to the State Library of South Australia and the Australian War Memorial. This paper charts the origins of the plan to donate the records to public repositories. It interrogates the societal provenance of those collections, recognising that the pluralising of records is an historical process, in which the agency of archivists, historians and administrators must be understood. An investigation of Red Cross records in Australia exposes that process in its contingency, inertia and, ultimately, enthusiasm. The paper also reveals the challenges faced by voluntary organisations in preserving their records, and how historians and archivists both can benefit from assisting such organisations. Finally, this paper argues that the ‘Gift to the Nation’ project, with its national and international significance, reflects a shift in our understanding of the First World War to a transnational paradigm that recognises the important role of voluntary organisations.
{"title":"The historian activist and the Gift to the Nation project: preserving the records of the Australian Red Cross","authors":"M. Oppenheimer","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1753544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1753544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2014, as part of their centenary celebrations, the Australian Red Cross initiated a project in which it transferred archives to various national, state and territory institutions across Australia including the University of Melbourne Archives and the State Library of New South Wales. The transfer of this voluminous (but not complete) collection built on earlier transfers of archives to the State Library of South Australia and the Australian War Memorial. This paper charts the origins of the plan to donate the records to public repositories. It interrogates the societal provenance of those collections, recognising that the pluralising of records is an historical process, in which the agency of archivists, historians and administrators must be understood. An investigation of Red Cross records in Australia exposes that process in its contingency, inertia and, ultimately, enthusiasm. The paper also reveals the challenges faced by voluntary organisations in preserving their records, and how historians and archivists both can benefit from assisting such organisations. Finally, this paper argues that the ‘Gift to the Nation’ project, with its national and international significance, reflects a shift in our understanding of the First World War to a transnational paradigm that recognises the important role of voluntary organisations.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1753544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48782679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1754259
Anne-Marie Condé
ABSTRACT This article offers a societal provenance analysis of the First World War personal service records held at the National Archives of Australia as Commonwealth Records Series B2455. It describes the communities of people and communities of records with which the series has its origins. Since creation, the records have enabled intricate interactions between individuals, families, government agencies and communities. They have facilitated personal, local, and national processes of grieving and commemoration, and bridged spatial, temporal and emotional distances. They have contributed to national projects such as the Roll of Honour at the Australian War Memorial, and the provision of pensions and support for veterans and their families. Their use by historians continues to shape our understanding of the history of the war. Access to the records helps build new personal identities, and new online communities of users. It is suggested that all these interactions are part of the history of the records we now have. The losses in the records, the gaps and silences, are also identified.
{"title":"A societal provenance analysis of the First World War service records held at the National Archives of Australia","authors":"Anne-Marie Condé","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1754259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1754259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article offers a societal provenance analysis of the First World War personal service records held at the National Archives of Australia as Commonwealth Records Series B2455. It describes the communities of people and communities of records with which the series has its origins. Since creation, the records have enabled intricate interactions between individuals, families, government agencies and communities. They have facilitated personal, local, and national processes of grieving and commemoration, and bridged spatial, temporal and emotional distances. They have contributed to national projects such as the Roll of Honour at the Australian War Memorial, and the provision of pensions and support for veterans and their families. Their use by historians continues to shape our understanding of the history of the war. Access to the records helps build new personal identities, and new online communities of users. It is suggested that all these interactions are part of the history of the records we now have. The losses in the records, the gaps and silences, are also identified.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1754259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42205992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1741012
M. Brogan
Edward Snowden’s Permanent Record is the story of a whistleblower’s betrayal of covert intelligence gathering programmes originating in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security A...
{"title":"Permanent record","authors":"M. Brogan","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1741012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1741012","url":null,"abstract":"Edward Snowden’s Permanent Record is the story of a whistleblower’s betrayal of covert intelligence gathering programmes originating in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security A...","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1741012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42127655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-22DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1732086
Katrina Tamaira
{"title":"Ko Taranaki te Maunga","authors":"Katrina Tamaira","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1732086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1732086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1732086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2019.1604243
Judit Gutiérrez-de-Armas
ABSTRACT The Canary Islands were conquered from the aboriginal population and colonised in the fifteenth century. This process subjected its inhabitants to the Castilian legal framework, in which evidence of ownership was demanded through documentary proof. Archives, therefore, proliferated in the new territory as a necessity to demonstrate, prove and preserve privileges and patrimony. At the same time, the ‘value’ of archives made them targets for destruction, theft or seizure in situations of social, political, military and family conflict. Moreover, Canary Island archives were affected by natural causes and natural disasters. Within this context, the present paper focuses on the transformations caused by these factors in family archives. The paper aims to explain how, in cases of damage or destruction, families struggled to reconstruct their archives in order to manage and defend their patrimony and family memory. Drawing on different examples, this paper offers empirical evidence on the multicontextualism of these archives. The results demonstrate that several family archives in the Canary Islands are (re)constructions from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Moreover, the archival practices can be framed within a progressive inclusion in the islands of the ‘New Archive Culture’ from mainland Spain.
{"title":"Archival practices in Early Modern Spain: transformation, destruction and (re)construction of family archives in the Canary Islands","authors":"Judit Gutiérrez-de-Armas","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2019.1604243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2019.1604243","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Canary Islands were conquered from the aboriginal population and colonised in the fifteenth century. This process subjected its inhabitants to the Castilian legal framework, in which evidence of ownership was demanded through documentary proof. Archives, therefore, proliferated in the new territory as a necessity to demonstrate, prove and preserve privileges and patrimony. At the same time, the ‘value’ of archives made them targets for destruction, theft or seizure in situations of social, political, military and family conflict. Moreover, Canary Island archives were affected by natural causes and natural disasters. Within this context, the present paper focuses on the transformations caused by these factors in family archives. The paper aims to explain how, in cases of damage or destruction, families struggled to reconstruct their archives in order to manage and defend their patrimony and family memory. Drawing on different examples, this paper offers empirical evidence on the multicontextualism of these archives. The results demonstrate that several family archives in the Canary Islands are (re)constructions from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Moreover, the archival practices can be framed within a progressive inclusion in the islands of the ‘New Archive Culture’ from mainland Spain.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2019.1604243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42859630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2019.1657709
Richard Lehane
clearer in explaining the terminology and concepts. A list of the terminology they use with a clear reference to the articles in which these were discussed would not only have been helpful, but is indispensable. Another disappointing deficiency, in particular for a scholarly publication, is the poor annotation, the lack of an index and the absence of a comprehensive list of references. Then it would for instance also have been immediately clear that the literature used, with a few exceptions, predominantly dates from before 2015, which is a bit remarkable for such an advanced topic. To conclude, in terms of content it is a valuable book which should have been given more attention before it was sent to the publishing house. This missed opportunity is likely to have a negative effect on reception and immediate impact of these important ideas among practitioners. Nevertheless, the book deserves to be read and the ideas to be digested and translated into practical solutions.
{"title":"A history of archival practice, 1st Edition,","authors":"Richard Lehane","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2019.1657709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2019.1657709","url":null,"abstract":"clearer in explaining the terminology and concepts. A list of the terminology they use with a clear reference to the articles in which these were discussed would not only have been helpful, but is indispensable. Another disappointing deficiency, in particular for a scholarly publication, is the poor annotation, the lack of an index and the absence of a comprehensive list of references. Then it would for instance also have been immediately clear that the literature used, with a few exceptions, predominantly dates from before 2015, which is a bit remarkable for such an advanced topic. To conclude, in terms of content it is a valuable book which should have been given more attention before it was sent to the publishing house. This missed opportunity is likely to have a negative effect on reception and immediate impact of these important ideas among practitioners. Nevertheless, the book deserves to be read and the ideas to be digested and translated into practical solutions.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2019.1657709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42278623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2019.1628649
B. Battley
ABSTRACT As archivists, we aim to preserve community records for the future, putting them in boxes in secure repositories to save them from the damaging effects of everyday wear and tear. However, recent research shows a community itself acts as a complex, adaptive recordkeeping system that maintains records through networks that include personal relationships, cultural practices, stories, embodied knowledge, repeated events and special places. Removing records from communities without taking these elements into account assumes our recordkeeping methods are superior to the community’s existing systems, constructs barriers between the community and its records, and removes much of the records’ context.
{"title":"Authenticity in places of belonging: community collective memory as a complex, adaptive recordkeeping system","authors":"B. Battley","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2019.1628649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2019.1628649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As archivists, we aim to preserve community records for the future, putting them in boxes in secure repositories to save them from the damaging effects of everyday wear and tear. However, recent research shows a community itself acts as a complex, adaptive recordkeeping system that maintains records through networks that include personal relationships, cultural practices, stories, embodied knowledge, repeated events and special places. Removing records from communities without taking these elements into account assumes our recordkeeping methods are superior to the community’s existing systems, constructs barriers between the community and its records, and removes much of the records’ context.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2019.1628649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41754800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2019.1614077
Dominique Glassman
ABSTRACT Facebook is creating records from the data that users are pouring into their profiles. This paper examines Facebook’s data practices in the context of record creation through the theoretical lens of the Records Continuum Model. Three stakeholder groups are identified in record creation: the users, the site, and third-party platform participants. This paper analyses Facebook’s data sharing practices in conjunction with the Cambridge Analytica scandal, and the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
{"title":"Facebook is creating records — but who is managing them?","authors":"Dominique Glassman","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2019.1614077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2019.1614077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Facebook is creating records from the data that users are pouring into their profiles. This paper examines Facebook’s data practices in the context of record creation through the theoretical lens of the Records Continuum Model. Three stakeholder groups are identified in record creation: the users, the site, and third-party platform participants. This paper analyses Facebook’s data sharing practices in conjunction with the Cambridge Analytica scandal, and the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2019.1614077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47240492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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