Pub Date : 2021-02-09DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2021.1883074
R. Barrowcliffe
ABSTRACT Archives are an integral component in the formation of a nation’s historical narratives. They are both repositories and sources of a nation’s evidence of events. Institutional archives have been striving to incorporate equity and social justice for Indigenous peoples but their practice is still heavily skewed to colonists’ perspectives. In this article, the author uses critical race theory to examine the social media narratives of Australia’s institutional archives during National Reconciliation Week, coinciding with the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising. She uses the concept of counter-narrative to demonstrate the gaps between narratives about Indigenous peoples and those by Indigenous peoples in contemporary archival narratives as portrayed in social media. She argues that to truly achieve equity and social justice for Indigenous peoples, archives must engage with Indigenous counter-narratives in their collecting and exhibiting practices and bring the institutional and Indigenous narratives closer together.
{"title":"Closing the narrative gap: social media as a tool to reconcile institutional archival narratives with Indigenous counter-narratives","authors":"R. Barrowcliffe","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2021.1883074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2021.1883074","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archives are an integral component in the formation of a nation’s historical narratives. They are both repositories and sources of a nation’s evidence of events. Institutional archives have been striving to incorporate equity and social justice for Indigenous peoples but their practice is still heavily skewed to colonists’ perspectives. In this article, the author uses critical race theory to examine the social media narratives of Australia’s institutional archives during National Reconciliation Week, coinciding with the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising. She uses the concept of counter-narrative to demonstrate the gaps between narratives about Indigenous peoples and those by Indigenous peoples in contemporary archival narratives as portrayed in social media. She argues that to truly achieve equity and social justice for Indigenous peoples, archives must engage with Indigenous counter-narratives in their collecting and exhibiting practices and bring the institutional and Indigenous narratives closer together.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"49 1","pages":"151 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2021.1883074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49058173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-09DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2021.1872034
Yoshiro Hashimoto
ABSTRACT Japanese archivists believe that they have incorporated the theory and practice of the West and that one of the most successful results is the method of Phased Archival Processing (PAP), invented for arrangement and description. The first phase of PAP records the existing order or chaos of archival materials. However, it is believed to be indispensable only in Japan. This article argues that this phenomenon occurs because the Japanese understanding of the principles of respect for provenance and the original order is different from that in the West. It traces the history of the development of Japanese archival science and sets it in the Western context.
{"title":"The clash between domestic and Western traditions: Japanese understanding of the archival principles","authors":"Yoshiro Hashimoto","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2021.1872034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2021.1872034","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Japanese archivists believe that they have incorporated the theory and practice of the West and that one of the most successful results is the method of Phased Archival Processing (PAP), invented for arrangement and description. The first phase of PAP records the existing order or chaos of archival materials. However, it is believed to be indispensable only in Japan. This article argues that this phenomenon occurs because the Japanese understanding of the principles of respect for provenance and the original order is different from that in the West. It traces the history of the development of Japanese archival science and sets it in the Western context.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"49 1","pages":"133 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2021.1872034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48320884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1864427
F. Foscarini, Giulia Barrera, Aida Škoro Babić, Pekka Henttonen, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir
ABSTRACT This article examines how key archival terms and concepts included in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) have been translated into Italian, Slovenian, Finnish, and Icelandic languages. The study identifies a number of translation issues in each language, and reflects on the reasons for such mistakes and their impact on the archival practices affected. Mistranslations appear to be related to insufficient investigations of specific, local uses of archival terminology on the part of the translators, lack of involvement of archival professionals in the process of translation, and problems with the interpretation of the legal system and the archival traditions involved.
{"title":"The language of the GDPR: translation issues and archival issues in four non-English-speaking countries","authors":"F. Foscarini, Giulia Barrera, Aida Škoro Babić, Pekka Henttonen, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1864427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1864427","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines how key archival terms and concepts included in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) have been translated into Italian, Slovenian, Finnish, and Icelandic languages. The study identifies a number of translation issues in each language, and reflects on the reasons for such mistakes and their impact on the archival practices affected. Mistranslations appear to be related to insufficient investigations of specific, local uses of archival terminology on the part of the translators, lack of involvement of archival professionals in the process of translation, and problems with the interpretation of the legal system and the archival traditions involved.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"49 1","pages":"62 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1864427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43528009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-03DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1854095
Claude Roberto, Karen Anderson, M. Crockett
ABSTRACT Translating archival concepts used in the Universal Declaration on Archives into languages with varying archival traditions is challenging. It is essential to make the UDA understandable for the general public without altering the meaning of the original text while ensuring coherence with archival practices in all countries where the target language is spoken. Twelve translators were surveyed on the translation of key UDA terms: archives, archivists, records, memory and open access. They reported on archival terminology resources and strategies they used to resolve difficulties in translating English or French archival terminology into languages that do not possess precisely equivalent concepts.
{"title":"Translating the Universal Declaration on Archives: working with archival traditions and languages across the world","authors":"Claude Roberto, Karen Anderson, M. Crockett","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1854095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1854095","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Translating archival concepts used in the Universal Declaration on Archives into languages with varying archival traditions is challenging. It is essential to make the UDA understandable for the general public without altering the meaning of the original text while ensuring coherence with archival practices in all countries where the target language is spoken. Twelve translators were surveyed on the translation of key UDA terms: archives, archivists, records, memory and open access. They reported on archival terminology resources and strategies they used to resolve difficulties in translating English or French archival terminology into languages that do not possess precisely equivalent concepts.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"49 1","pages":"37 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1854095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47710019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1828108
E. Vasseur
ABSTRACT French recordkeeping tradition and practice, gradually built up since the nineteenth century, are associated with the principle of provenance (respect des fonds) and with the life cycle approach (théorie des trois âges). The concept of records management seems at first glance unfamiliar to French archivists, as the difficulty of translating the term records into French would attest. This paper aims to study how and to what extent French archivists have taken into account the management of records in organisations since the French Revolution and to analyse how they have embraced the very concept of records management and got involved in the development and the implementation of the ISO 15489 standard. The study concludes that language and terminology issues, as well as training and cultural specificities have played a key role in the way French archivists have approached recordkeeping systems over time.
{"title":"French archivists, the management of records and records management since the nineteenth century: are French recordkeeping tradition and practice incompatible with records management?","authors":"E. Vasseur","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1828108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1828108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT French recordkeeping tradition and practice, gradually built up since the nineteenth century, are associated with the principle of provenance (respect des fonds) and with the life cycle approach (théorie des trois âges). The concept of records management seems at first glance unfamiliar to French archivists, as the difficulty of translating the term records into French would attest. This paper aims to study how and to what extent French archivists have taken into account the management of records in organisations since the French Revolution and to analyse how they have embraced the very concept of records management and got involved in the development and the implementation of the ISO 15489 standard. The study concludes that language and terminology issues, as well as training and cultural specificities have played a key role in the way French archivists have approached recordkeeping systems over time.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"49 1","pages":"107 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1828108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45498373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1815064
Isabel S. Schellnack-Kelly
ABSTRACT Under a democratic dispensation in South Africa, which recognises eleven official languages, language is still used to divide and segregate people and different cultures. The examples of how languages have divided South Africa from colonial times to the current dispensation are evident in archival collections housed by the country’s public archives services. A qualitative study was undertaken to identify all the languages of the different archival collections held by the public archives services in South Africa. Utilising a postmodernist ontology, this paper investigates the challenges pertaining to the large volumes of collections where access is restricted due to language barriers with limited assistance to provide translation services.
{"title":"Decolonising the archives: languages as enablers and barriers to accessing public archives in South Africa","authors":"Isabel S. Schellnack-Kelly","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1815064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1815064","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Under a democratic dispensation in South Africa, which recognises eleven official languages, language is still used to divide and segregate people and different cultures. The examples of how languages have divided South Africa from colonial times to the current dispensation are evident in archival collections housed by the country’s public archives services. A qualitative study was undertaken to identify all the languages of the different archival collections held by the public archives services in South Africa. Utilising a postmodernist ontology, this paper investigates the challenges pertaining to the large volumes of collections where access is restricted due to language barriers with limited assistance to provide translation services.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"48 1","pages":"291 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1815064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48225241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1827195
Viviane Frings‐Hessami
As I am writing from Melbourne under stage 4 restrictions, we are facing a world full of uncertainties. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and the way we work. It has been difficult ...
{"title":"Re-designing the Archive","authors":"Viviane Frings‐Hessami","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1827195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1827195","url":null,"abstract":"As I am writing from Melbourne under stage 4 restrictions, we are facing a world full of uncertainties. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and the way we work. It has been difficult ...","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"48 1","pages":"237 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1827195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49591576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1798790
Michael Smith, Janet Villata
ABSTRACT The City of Sydney adopted a user centred design approach to transform its archives systems and processes to meet user needs. Key to the transformation was a project to design and implement a new archives management system, complete with digital preservation functionality and a publicly accessible user portal. This paper examines tensions between archival practice and the user experience, and what actually happens when the user is placed at the centre of design initiatives.
{"title":"Applying user centred design to Archives","authors":"Michael Smith, Janet Villata","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1798790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1798790","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The City of Sydney adopted a user centred design approach to transform its archives systems and processes to meet user needs. Key to the transformation was a project to design and implement a new archives management system, complete with digital preservation functionality and a publicly accessible user portal. This paper examines tensions between archival practice and the user experience, and what actually happens when the user is placed at the centre of design initiatives.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"48 1","pages":"239 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1798790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42606126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1822190
Louis-Gilles Pairault
ABSTRACT Records of the slave trade are almost exclusively those of the slave-traders: the silence of the victims is deafening. There is a dearth of contributions from the slaves themselves in documents relating to the slave trade, most of which dealt with administrative or business issues and all of which were produced by the perpetrators rather than by the victims of slavery. Any testimonials from the slave perspective are very precious. One of these is a long unpublished manuscript, the critical edition of which was first published most recently: the ‘Memoirs’ of Claude-Vincent Polony (1756–1828), a French officer who took part in three slave trading expeditions between the African Coast and Santo-Domingo. The document recounts several tragic events, including the tale of an African princess reduced to slavery. So impressed was Polony by her majesty and dignity that he was keen to know more about her life and capture. He recorded her story, enabling the victim’s tale to reach our times. Taking into account the issues raised by stories coming from the mouths of slaves, and the reliability and credibility of such texts, this article discusses how this kind of precious documents may be used to reconstitute the ‘missing pages’ of history.
{"title":"Reconstituting ‘the archives of silence’: how to ‘recreate’ slavery and slave trade archives","authors":"Louis-Gilles Pairault","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1822190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1822190","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Records of the slave trade are almost exclusively those of the slave-traders: the silence of the victims is deafening. There is a dearth of contributions from the slaves themselves in documents relating to the slave trade, most of which dealt with administrative or business issues and all of which were produced by the perpetrators rather than by the victims of slavery. Any testimonials from the slave perspective are very precious. One of these is a long unpublished manuscript, the critical edition of which was first published most recently: the ‘Memoirs’ of Claude-Vincent Polony (1756–1828), a French officer who took part in three slave trading expeditions between the African Coast and Santo-Domingo. The document recounts several tragic events, including the tale of an African princess reduced to slavery. So impressed was Polony by her majesty and dignity that he was keen to know more about her life and capture. He recorded her story, enabling the victim’s tale to reach our times. Taking into account the issues raised by stories coming from the mouths of slaves, and the reliability and credibility of such texts, this article discusses how this kind of precious documents may be used to reconstitute the ‘missing pages’ of history.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"48 1","pages":"259 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1822190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2020.1822892
Weimei Pan, L. Duranti
ABSTRACT This article presents a review of the progress made in the digital transition in China, especially in light of the fact that admissibility of digital records in legal proceedings is a critical factor in such transition. It discusses the Chinese legal system and the rules governing the admissibility of both paper and digital records as well as the reasons why evidence collection and preservation by a third party has become a popular approach to guarantee the integrity of the records and improve their chances of admissibility in a court of law. In this context, this article then discusses how the InterPARES Trust PaaST model can help address some of the issues, thus, demonstrating the relevance of archival knowledge to the digital transition.
{"title":"Sitting in limbo or being the flaming Phoenix: the relevance of the archival discipline to the admissibility of digital evidence in China","authors":"Weimei Pan, L. Duranti","doi":"10.1080/01576895.2020.1822892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2020.1822892","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents a review of the progress made in the digital transition in China, especially in light of the fact that admissibility of digital records in legal proceedings is a critical factor in such transition. It discusses the Chinese legal system and the rules governing the admissibility of both paper and digital records as well as the reasons why evidence collection and preservation by a third party has become a popular approach to guarantee the integrity of the records and improve their chances of admissibility in a court of law. In this context, this article then discusses how the InterPARES Trust PaaST model can help address some of the issues, thus, demonstrating the relevance of archival knowledge to the digital transition.","PeriodicalId":43371,"journal":{"name":"Archives and Manuscripts","volume":"48 1","pages":"300 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01576895.2020.1822892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48506005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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