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Social marketing for museums: an introduction to social marketing for the arts and culture sector 博物馆的社会营销:介绍艺术和文化部门的社会营销
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-08-2020-0194
F. Gonsales
PurposeThe paper aims to introduce social marketing (SM) as a tool to overcome the low cultural participation, a problem of the arts and culture sector that has worsened in the post-pandemic scenario.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a multidisciplinary literature review (SM, museum marketing, museology and cultural policy) to address the problem of museums and other cultural heritage institutions, at both the macro-level (prevailing cultural policies and antecedents, barriers and consequences to cultural participation) and micro-level (challenges faced by museums in the 21st century and marketing as a management instrument).FindingsThe downstream, midstream and upstream approaches can be used to design and implement SM interventions intended to address the problem of low cultural participation in museums. The three approaches should be considered holistically, with their synergetic and recursive effects.Research limitations/implicationsDue to its introductory and conceptual nature, the study provides a comprehensive intervention framework to be used as a platform for future theoretical and empirical research. Further investigations may expand on the specificities of each approach (down, mid and upstream) and extend the framework to other nonprofit cultural institutions beyond museums, such as libraries and archives, cultural heritage sites and theater, music and dance companies.Practical implicationsThe paper proposes a comprehensive SM intervention framework that integrates three interdependent approaches (downstream, midstream and upstream).Originality/valueThe paper provides a starting point for the holistic application of SM in the arts and culture sector. It also encourages researchers, cultural policymakers and cultural heritage professionals to investigate, design and implement SM programs that better understand, expand and diversify the audience and strengthen the legitimacy and relevance of cultural actors and activities to transform them into inclusive, accessible and sustainable institutions.
本文旨在介绍社会营销(SM)作为克服文化参与度低的工具,这是艺术和文化部门的一个问题,在疫情后的情况下恶化了。本研究采用多学科文献综述(SM、博物馆营销、博物馆学和文化政策),从宏观层面(现行文化政策和文化参与的前因、障碍和后果)和微观层面(21世纪博物馆面临的挑战和营销作为一种管理工具)来解决博物馆和其他文化遗产机构的问题。研究发现:下游、中游和上游方法可用于设计和实施SM干预措施,以解决博物馆文化参与度低的问题。这三种方法应整体考虑,其协同效应和递归效应。研究局限/启示由于其介绍性和概念性,本研究提供了一个全面的干预框架,作为未来理论和实证研究的平台。进一步的调查可能会扩展每种方法的特殊性(下,中,上),并将框架扩展到博物馆以外的其他非营利文化机构,如图书馆和档案馆,文化遗产遗址和剧院,音乐和舞蹈公司。本文提出了一个整合下游、中游和上游三种相互依存方法的综合SM干预框架。本文为SM在艺术和文化领域的整体应用提供了一个起点。它还鼓励研究人员、文化政策制定者和文化遗产专业人员调查、设计和实施SM项目,以更好地理解、扩大和多样化受众,并加强文化行为者和活动的合法性和相关性,将其转变为包容、无障碍和可持续的机构。
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引用次数: 2
Using the internet for data collection in business research 利用互联网收集商业研究中的数据
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/rausp-04-2021-251
M. Ponchio, Nelson Lerner Barth, Felipe Zambaldi
Introduction Imagine a master’s degree student facing the need to collect primary data to proceed into quantitative analysis in the business field. The tight deadline for getting the degree and the inherent difficulty in research planning and collecting data can both be frightening. Before the internet, the alternative would be a convenience non-probabilistic sampling, which is a generally easier and faster way to obtain data than probabilistic sampling. Thus, considering the internet’s use to speed up data collection and reduce costs, what are the advantages and recommendations to be accounted for by business researchers? The use of the internet to conduct surveys is attractive for business researchers due to its benefits in speed, access to respondents and the large amounts of data it can gather. The main advantages of online versus offline data collection are time-saving, cost reduction, simplified data tabulation and purification processes, flexibility and format control. However, there are issues related to respondents’ attention, sample representativeness and control, which can be amplified as most of the data collection for business research on the internet occurs through convenience sampling. Also, self-selection bias can represent severe jeopardy in online surveys. In this short essay, we draw on the problem of sample representativeness on Web-based data collection, and then we discuss it with emphasis on two common procedures to mitigate its risks and challenges:
想象一下,一个硕士研究生面临着需要收集原始数据来进行商业领域的定量分析。获得学位的最后期限很紧,研究计划和收集数据的固有困难都令人恐惧。在互联网出现之前,另一种选择是方便的非概率抽样,它通常比概率抽样更容易、更快速地获得数据。因此,考虑到互联网在加速数据收集和降低成本方面的使用,商业研究人员应该考虑的优势和建议是什么?使用互联网进行调查对商业研究人员很有吸引力,因为它在速度、访问受访者和可以收集的大量数据方面具有优势。在线数据收集相对于离线数据收集的主要优点是节省时间、降低成本、简化数据制表和净化过程、灵活性和格式控制。然而,由于互联网上商业研究的数据收集大多是通过方便抽样的方式进行的,因此存在被调查者的注意力、样本代表性和控制等问题,这些问题可以被放大。此外,在在线调查中,自我选择偏差可能代表着严重的危险。在这篇短文中,我们借鉴了基于web的数据收集的样本代表性问题,然后我们讨论了两个常见的程序,以减轻其风险和挑战:
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引用次数: 1
Editorial: The research impact in management through the UN’s sustainable development goals 社论:通过联合国可持续发展目标对管理的研究影响
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/rausp-04-2021-252
Flávio Hourneaux
[...]this series’ third and last piece dealt with problems and criticism on research impact (Sandes-Guimarães & Hourneaux Junior, 2021). [...]the discussion on defining, identifying and measuring Research impact in management has intensely increased lately. According to Macht, Chapman and Fitzgerald (2020), the number of publications about the SDGs in management journals has been multiplying since their launch the year before, which we can consider positive from this editorial’s perspective. Recently, Chapman, Cully, Kosiol, Macht, Chapman, Fitzgerald and Gertsen (2020, p. 1030) also emphasised the use of SDGs to measure what they called “real-world Research Impact”. [...]regarding universities, they are present in the discussions on education at all levels and had been turned into the criteria for evaluating higher education institutions, as proposed by the Times Higher Education (THE) ranking (THE University -IRs, 2019, 2020).
[…本系列的第三篇也是最后一篇文章涉及研究影响的问题和批评(sandes - guimar & Hourneaux Junior, 2021)。[…最近,关于定义、识别和衡量研究对管理的影响的讨论急剧增加。根据马赫特、查普曼和菲茨杰拉德(2020)的研究,管理期刊上关于可持续发展目标的出版物数量自一年前推出以来一直在成倍增长,从这篇社论的角度来看,我们可以认为这是积极的。最近,Chapman、Cully、Kosiol、Macht、Chapman、Fitzgerald和Gertsen (2020, p. 1030)也强调使用可持续发展目标来衡量他们所谓的“现实世界的研究影响”。[…就大学而言,它们出现在各级教育的讨论中,并已成为泰晤士高等教育(the)排名(the University -IRs, 2019, 2020)提出的评估高等教育机构的标准。
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引用次数: 1
Entrepreneurship in social: Brazilian university students toward a career with purpose 社会创业:巴西大学生走向有目标的职业
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-10-2020-0248
Márcia Maria Garçon, V. Nassif
PurposeSocial entrepreneurship (SE) presents specificities that the entrepreneur must address. Entrepreneurial intention (EI) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in SE should reflect specific characteristics of behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify the intention of Brazilian university students to undertake SE, having individual social EO (individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO)-social) as their predictive behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis paper collected study data from Brazilian university students. To test the study’s hypotheses, this paper used confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model, partial least squares and generalized linear regression model.FindingsThe results indicate that Brazilian university students positively respond to their intention to become social entrepreneurs in the future, regardless of gender, courses or types of universities. In line with the literature, IEO-Social proved to be a strong predictor of EI-social.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to understanding EI-social from IEO-Social. Besides, its sample is non-probabilistic, therefore, the findings of this study cannot be generalized.Practical implicationsThe results encourage the inclusion of SE in entrepreneurial education programs. They guide the involvement of students from different areas of knowledge in activities aimed at higher education.Social implicationsEvidence indicates that including the SE theme in entrepreneurial education programs proves to be valuable for opening purposeful career opportunities for students.Originality/valueThe study contributes to eliminating the gap in studies on EI-social in Brazilian university students. It also offers the IEO-social scale, theoretically constructed and with superior psychometric quality.
目的社会创业(SE)提出了企业家必须解决的特殊性。SE中的创业意向(EI)和创业取向(EO)应反映特定的行为特征。本研究的目的是确定巴西大学生进行SE的意图,将个人社会EO(个人创业取向(IEO)-社会)作为他们的预测行为。设计/方法/方法本文收集了巴西大学生的研究数据。为了验证研究的假设,本文采用了验证性因素分析、结构方程模型、偏最小二乘法和广义线性回归模型。研究结果表明,无论性别、课程或大学类型如何,巴西大学生都对自己未来成为社会企业家的意愿做出了积极回应。与文献一致,IEO Social被证明是EI社会的有力预测因素。研究局限性/含义本研究仅限于从IEO Society中理解EI社会。此外,它的样本是非概率的,因此,本研究的结果不能推广。实际意义研究结果鼓励将SE纳入创业教育计划。它们指导来自不同知识领域的学生参与旨在接受高等教育的活动。社会含义有证据表明,将SE主题纳入创业教育计划对于为学生提供有目的的职业机会是有价值的。独创性/价值该研究有助于消除巴西大学生在EI社会研究方面的差距。它还提供了IEO社会量表,从理论上构建,并具有卓越的心理测量质量。
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引用次数: 0
The case for social support in social marketing 社会营销中的社会支持案例
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-08-2020-0193
N. Baptista, H. Alves, J. Pinho
PurposeThis paper aims to reinforce the arguments for applying the social support concept in social marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to conceptually outline the potential positive contribution of social support for social marketing practice as a tool to induce behavior change.FindingsThis paper focuses on the philosophical principle of social exchange, highlights the consumer-centered perspective of social marketing, which implies the natural evaluation of the social networks of influence and support and presents social support as a mechanism to induce long-term behavior change.Research limitations/implicationsNo empirical (qualitative or quantitative) investigations were used to test the application of the concept in practical interventions.Practical implicationsThis paper provides significant insights for intervention developers that can be used to program and theoretically justify future social marketing interventions applying the social support concept.Social implicationsEmpirical research concluded for a positive relation between social support and human health and well-being. Thus, increasing the use of the concept in social marketing can serve to attain these social goals.Originality/valueThe concept of social support has gained considerable interest in the areas of behavioral medicine and health psychology. Despite such interest, it is still not clear how it can be approached in social marketing as there is a lack of conceptual literature discussing social support from a social marketing perspective, the number of social marketing interventions operationalizing the concept is limited and, till date, no research has focused in comprehensively establishing a theoretical rationale to operationalize the concept in social marketing.
目的本文旨在强化社会支持概念在社会营销中的应用。设计/方法论/方法本文旨在从概念上概述社会支持作为诱导行为改变的工具对社会营销实践的潜在积极贡献。发现本文关注社会交换的哲学原理,强调了以消费者为中心的社会营销视角,这意味着对社会网络的影响和支持的自然评估,并将社会支持作为诱导长期行为变化的机制。研究局限性/含义没有使用实证(定性或定量)调查来测试该概念在实际干预中的应用。实际含义本文为干预开发者提供了重要的见解,可用于规划和理论上证明未来应用社会支持概念的社会营销干预。社会影响实证研究得出结论,社会支持与人类健康和福祉之间存在积极关系。因此,在社会营销中增加这一概念的使用可以有助于实现这些社会目标。独创性/价值社会支持的概念在行为医学和健康心理学领域引起了相当大的兴趣。尽管有这样的兴趣,但在社会营销中如何处理它仍然不清楚,因为缺乏从社会营销角度讨论社会支持的概念文献,实施该概念的社会营销干预的数量有限,而且迄今为止,没有研究集中在全面建立一个理论基础,以操作社会营销的概念。
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引用次数: 2
Social marketing: advancing a new planning framework to guide programmes 社会营销:推进新的规划框架以指导方案
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-08-2020-0186
M. Akbar, L. Ndupu, J. French, Alison Lawson
PurposeThis paper aims to develop and present a new planning framework of social marketing, known as consumer research, segmentation, design of the social programme, implementation, evaluation and sustainability (CSD-IES).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework is based on recent theoretical developments in social marketing and is informed by the key strengths of existing social marketing planning approaches.FindingsThe CSD-IES planning framework incorporates emerging principles of social marketing. For example, sustainability in changed behaviour, ethical considerations in designing social marketing programmes, the need for continuous research to understand the changing needs of the priority audience during the programme and the need for explicit feedback mechanisms.Research limitations/implicationsThe CSD-IES framework is a dynamic and flexible framework that guides social marketers, other practitioners and researchers to develop, implement and evaluate effective and sustainable social marketing programmes to influence or change specific behaviours based on available resources.Originality/valueThis paper makes an important contribution to social marketing theory and practice by integrating elements of behaviour maintenance, consideration of ethical perspectives and continuous feedback mechanisms in developing the CSD-IES framework, bringing it in line with the global consensus definition of social marketing.
目的本文旨在开发并提出一种新的社会营销规划框架,即消费者研究、细分、社会计划的设计、实施,评估和可持续性(CSD-IES)。设计/方法论/方法所提出的框架基于社会营销的最新理论发展,并受到现有社会营销规划方法的关键优势的影响。发现CSD-IES规划框架包含了新兴的社会营销原则。例如,改变行为的可持续性,设计社会营销方案时的道德考虑,需要持续研究以了解方案期间优先受众不断变化的需求,以及需要明确的反馈机制。研究局限性/含义CSD-IES框架是一个动态和灵活的框架,指导社会营销人员、其他从业者和研究人员制定、实施和评估有效和可持续的社会营销计划,以根据可用资源影响或改变特定行为。独创性/价值本文在开发CSD-IES框架时整合了行为维护、伦理视角考虑和持续反馈机制等要素,使其符合全球对社会营销的共识定义,从而对社会营销理论和实践做出了重要贡献。
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引用次数: 7
From social marketing and service-dominant logic to engagement in mindfulness practice: a field experiment 从社会营销和服务主导逻辑参与正念实践:一个实地实验
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-10-2020-0247
Carolina Pantuza Vilar dos Santos, E. Lopes, J. C. Dias, André Gustavo Pereira de Andrade, C. Matos, R. Veiga
Based on the assumption of the service-dominant logic (S-D logic) that every exchange is service-for-service and on the relevance of the beneficiary’s role in the co-creation of value, this paper aims to investigate the effects of engagement in the context of social marketing, where the value proposition is an invitation to practice mindfulness.,A field experiment was carried out with 72 volunteers, using a pre-test/post-test control group design. The treatment applied was a set of strategies to increase the engagement of the participants to attain a better result in five dependent variables associated mainly with the benefits of mindfulness practice. Measurements were made from a profile analysis, and submitted to Mann-Whitney and t-tests.,A large effect of group and time factors were observed in the multivariate test, as well as differences in the co-creation of value between groups.,This study can contribute to stimulate experimental transdisciplinary research in humans, using concepts from S-D logic and social marketing to promote positive behavioral change. This approach is probably more efficient at explaining and improving human behavior, given its complex nature.
基于服务主导逻辑(S-D逻辑)的假设,即每次交换都是以服务换服务,以及受益人在共同创造价值中的角色的相关性,本文旨在研究社会营销背景下的参与效应,其中价值主张是邀请实践正念。采用前测/后测对照组设计,对72名志愿者进行现场实验。所采用的治疗是一套策略,以增加参与者的参与度,从而在五个主要与正念练习的好处相关的因变量中获得更好的结果。测量是通过侧写分析得出的,并提交了曼-惠特尼检验和t检验。在多变量检验中,发现群体因素和时间因素的影响较大,群体之间共同创造价值的差异也较大。利用S-D逻辑和社会营销的概念来促进积极的行为改变,可以促进人类跨学科的实验研究。考虑到人类行为的复杂性,这种方法在解释和改善人类行为方面可能更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Research impact – How to deal with it? Editorial impact series part 3 研究影响——如何应对?编辑影响系列第3部分
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-04-2021-249
Luisa Veras de Sandes-Guimarães, Flávio Hourneaux
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引用次数: 3
Branding cities, regions and countries: the roadmap of place brand equity 品牌城市、地区和国家:地方品牌资产路线图
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-06-2020-0131
F. Mariutti, Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is two-fold: to expand the understanding of brand equity for places (e.g. countries, regions or cities) and propose two frameworks to increase its value.Design/methodology/approachBy interviewing international participants, this study was exploratory and interpretative; thematic analysis was performed for a broader understanding about place brand equity.FindingsThe Roadmap of Brand Equity is provided by proposing three “pathways” founded on core value drivers as “road signs” (potential influences or main variables of the value of a place brand), which are required to be strategically monitored and aligned to place branding activities to enhance the value of a city, region or country. Value drivers of place brand equity and the roadmap of place brand equity are proposed through the figures.Research limitations/implicationsA natural progression of this study is the investigation of place brand equity by applying statistical procedures for measuring places. Due to specific locations’ (often) unfavorable and threatening reputations worldwide, the key value-drivers (government initiatives, stakeholders' perceptions, residents’ engagement, news media, social media and real data indexes) are noted as influential partakers – either separated or combined – when analyzing their brand equity.Practical implicationsBoth proposed archetypes suggest applications for several co-creators involved in public or private places, which can be beneficial for both emerging and non-emerging countries, regions or cities. Furthermore, both may be applied to the analysis of other places (e.g. universities, schools, museums, public squares, airports, hospitals, etc.).Social implicationsThis study may inspire planning and actions for public policies, including private partnerships, government initiatives and practical endeavors.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to perform an analysis of brand equity of places under a qualitative approach and to propose strategical frameworks for both research and practice.
目的本文的目的有两个:扩大对地方(如国家、地区或城市)品牌资产的理解,并提出两个提高其价值的框架。设计/方法/方法通过采访国际参与者,本研究具有探索性和解释性;进行主题分析是为了更广泛地了解场所品牌资产。发现品牌资产路线图是通过提出三条基于核心价值驱动因素的“道路”作为“路标”(地方品牌价值的潜在影响或主要变量)来提供的,这些“道路”需要进行战略监控,并与地方品牌活动相一致,以提高城市、地区或国家的价值。通过这些数字提出了地方品牌资产的价值驱动因素和地方品牌资产路线图。研究局限性/含义本研究的一个自然进展是通过应用统计程序测量场所来调查场所品牌资产。由于特定地点(通常)在全球范围内的不利和威胁声誉,在分析其品牌资产时,关键价值驱动因素(政府举措、利益相关者的看法、居民的参与度、新闻媒体、社交媒体和真实数据指数)被视为有影响力的参与者,无论是分离的还是组合的。实际含义两个提出的原型都建议参与公共或私人场所的几个共同创作者申请,这对新兴和非新兴国家、地区或城市都有利。此外,两者都可以应用于对其他地方(如大学、学校、博物馆、公共广场、机场、医院等)的分析。社会影响这项研究可能会启发公共政策的规划和行动,包括私人伙伴关系、政府举措和实际努力。原创性/价值这是第一批在定性方法下对地方品牌资产进行分析并为研究和实践提出战略框架的研究之一。
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引用次数: 8
Role of JD-R model in upticking innovative work behaviour among higher education faculty JD-R模式在提高高等教育教师创新工作行为中的作用
IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1108/RAUSP-03-2020-0060
Abhilasha Dixit, Y. Upadhyay
PurposeIn the backdrop of job demands-resources model, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of selected job resources (job autonomy and rewards and recognition) and job demands (problem with work) on innovative work behaviour through the mediation of employee engagement in the higher education sector of India.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of randomly selected 275 teachers from higher education institutions from a city in India. This study used PLS-SEM for data analysis.FindingsThe results suggest that employee engagement associates closely with innovative work behaviour. Job autonomy, one of the resources, affects innovative work behaviour directly and its effect does not move via employee engagement. Further, reward and recognition does not impact innovative work behaviour directly, rather, its effect moves through employee engagement. Finally, the work suggests that employee engagement mediates between selected job resources and job demands and innovative work behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThis study can be extended to include more demands and resources which are unique to academic institutions. For example, a transparent career path to all teachers or a high-octane research culture can serve as a boon. Additionally, their interaction effect can also be studied. The present study being a cross-sectional study, at best, offers a snap-shot view of relationship among the variables.Practical implicationsThis study shall help organizations to use job resources and job demands to enhance teachers’ engagement and innovative work behaviour. Specifically, results of this study offer a reason to academic institutions to give more autonomy and rewards to their teachers to eke out innovative work behaviour.Social implicationsFirstly, this study will have a positive outcome for students who will be the prime beneficiaries of innovative work behaviour of teachers. Secondly, broadly the society and its constituents will get benefited by improvement in research outcomes.Originality/valueThe outcome of this study proposes that job autonomy and reward and recognition do not connect with employee engagement and innovative work behaviour in a known way.
在工作需求-资源模型的背景下,本文的目的是通过对印度高等教育部门员工敬业度的中介,研究选择的工作资源(工作自主性、奖励和认可)和工作需求(工作问题)对创新工作行为的影响。设计/方法/方法样本包括从印度一个城市的高等教育机构随机抽取的275名教师。本研究采用PLS-SEM进行数据分析。研究结果表明,员工敬业度与创新工作行为密切相关。作为资源之一的工作自主性直接影响创新工作行为,其影响不通过员工敬业度而转移。此外,奖励和认可并不直接影响创新工作行为,而是通过员工敬业度产生影响。最后,研究表明,员工敬业度在选择的工作资源和工作需求与创新工作行为之间起中介作用。研究局限/启示本研究可扩展至包括更多学术机构特有的需求和资源。例如,对所有教师透明的职业道路或高强度的研究文化都可以成为一种福利。此外,还可以研究它们的相互作用效应。目前的研究是一项横断面研究,充其量只能提供一个关于变量之间关系的快照视图。实践意义本研究有助于组织利用工作资源和工作需求来提高教师的敬业度和创新工作行为。具体来说,这项研究的结果为学术机构提供了一个理由,赋予教师更多的自主权和奖励,以维持创新的工作行为。首先,本研究将对学生产生积极的影响,学生将成为教师创新工作行为的主要受益者。其次,广泛地说,社会及其组成部分将从研究成果的改进中受益。独创性/价值本研究的结果表明,工作自主性、奖励和认可并不以一种已知的方式与员工敬业度和创新工作行为联系起来。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
RAUSP Management Journal
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