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The Transgression Effect in the Problem of Motion of an Almost Holonomic Pendulum 几乎全息摆运动问题中的超越效应
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040209
A. S. Kuleshov, I. I. Ulyatovskaya

Abstract

In 1986, Ya.V. Tatarinov presented the basis of the theory of weakly nonholonomic systems. Mechanical systems with nonholonomic constraints depending on a small parameter are considered. It is assumed that when the value of this parameter is zero, the constraints of such a system become integrable; i.e., in this case, we have a family of holonomic systems depending on several arbitrary integration constants. We will assume that these holonomic systems are completely integrable Hamiltonian systems. When the small parameter is not zero, the behavior of such systems can be considered with the help of asymptotic methods representing their motion as a combination of the motion of a slightly modified holonomic system with slowly varying previous integration constants (the transgression effect). In this paper, we describe the transgression effect in the problem of motion of an almost holonomic pendulum.

摘要 1986 年,Ya.V. Tatarinov 提出了弱非全局系统理论的基础。该理论考虑了具有取决于一个小参数的非全局约束的机械系统。假定当该参数值为零时,该系统的约束条件变得可积分;也就是说,在这种情况下,我们有一个取决于几个任意积分常数的全局系统族。我们将假设这些整体系统是完全可积分的哈密顿系统。当小参数不为零时,可以借助渐近方法来考虑这类系统的行为,将其运动表示为稍加修正的整体系统运动与缓慢变化的先前积分常数的组合(跃迁效应)。在本文中,我们将描述几乎全局摆运动问题中的跃迁效应。
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引用次数: 0
Kindred Diagrams 同类图表
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s106345412304012x
V. M. Nezhinskij

Abstract

By a diagram we mean a topological space obtained by gluing to a standard circle a finite number of pairwise non-intersecting closed rectangles along their lateral sides, the glued rectangles being pairwise disjoint. Diagrams are not new objects; they have been used in many areas of low-dimensional topology. Our main goal is to develop the theory of diagrams to a level sufficient for application in yet another branch: the theory of tangles. We provide diagrams with simple additional structures: the smoothness of the circles and rectangles that are pairwise consistent with each other, the orientation of the circle, and a point on the circle. We introduce a new equivalence relation (as far as the author knows, not previously encountered in the scientific literature): kindred relation. We define a surjective mapping of the set of classes of kindred diagrams onto the set of classes of diffeomorphic smooth compact connected two-dimensional manifolds with a boundary and note that in the simplest cases this surjection is also a bijection. The application of the constructed theory to the tangle theory requires additional preparation and therefore is not included in this article; the author intends to devote a separate publication to this application.

摘要 我们所说的图是指一个拓扑空间,它是将有限个成对不相交的封闭矩形沿其侧边粘合到一个标准圆上而得到的,被粘合的矩形成对不相交。图并不是新事物;它们已被用于低维拓扑学的许多领域。我们的主要目标是将图的理论发展到足以应用于另一个分支:纠结理论的水平。我们为图提供了简单的附加结构:圆与矩形之间的光滑度、圆的方向和圆上的点。我们引入了一种新的等价关系(据作者所知,以前在科学文献中从未遇到过):同类关系。我们定义了同类图类集合到有边界的衍射光滑紧凑连通二维流形类集合的投射映射,并指出在最简单的情况下,这种投射也是双投射。将所构建的理论应用于纠结理论需要额外的准备,因此本文不包括在内;作者打算将这一应用单独出版。
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引用次数: 0
Metric Invariants of Second-Order Surfaces 二阶曲面的度量不变式
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040210
D. Yu. Volkov, K. V. Galunova

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the classical problem of analytical geometry in n-dimensional Euclidean space, namely, finding the canonical equation of a quadric from an initial equation. The canonical equation is determined by the invariants of the second-order surface equation, i.e., by quantities that do not change when the space coordinates are changed affinely. S.L. Pevzner found a convenient system containing the following invariants: q, the rank of the extended matrix of the system for determining the center of symmetry of the surface; the roots of the characteristic polynomial of the quadratic term matrix of the surface equation, i.e., the eigenvalues of this matrix; and Kq, the coefficient of the variable λ to the power nq in the polynomial that is equal to the determinant of the matrix of order n + 1 that is obtained according to a certain rule from the initial surface equation. The eigenvalues of the matrix of the quadratic terms and coefficient Kq make it possible to write the canonical equation of the surface. In the paper, we propose a new simple proof of Pevzner’s result. In the proof, only elementary properties of the determinants are used. This algorithm for finding the canonical surface equation can find application in computer graphics.

摘要 本文致力于 n 维欧几里得空间解析几何的经典问题,即从初始方程求二次曲面的规范方程。典型方程由二阶曲面方程的不变量决定,即由空间坐标仿射变换时不变的量决定。佩夫兹纳(S.L. Pevzner)发现了一个包含以下不变式的便捷系统:q,用于确定曲面对称中心的系统扩展矩阵的秩;曲面方程二次项矩阵的特征多项式的根,即、该矩阵的特征值;以及 Kq,变量 λ 在多项式中的幂 n - q 的系数,该系数等于从初始曲面方程根据一定规则得到的 n + 1 阶矩阵的行列式。根据二次项矩阵的特征值和系数 Kq,可以写出曲面的典型方程。在本文中,我们对佩夫兹纳的结果提出了一个新的简单证明。在证明中,只使用了行列式的基本性质。这种求典型曲面方程的算法可应用于计算机制图。
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引用次数: 0
Calculation of Stresses Initiated by an Electrical Explosion of Conductors in a Composite Thick-Walled Cylinder 复合厚壁圆柱体中导体电爆炸引发的应力计算
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040192
V. M. Kats, V. A. Morozov, Ya. A. Sevastyanov

Abstract

In this paper, we present an analysis of the dynamic loading of a material carried out by the method of electrical explosion of conductors (EEC). A composite cylinder, which is a thick-walled polymethyl methacrylate cylinder with an axial hole that is pressed into an aluminum shell, is selected as the experimental sample. The sample is loaded by applying an electrical voltage to a conductor in the form of a copper wire placed inside the axial hole of the sample. A state equation for an electrical explosion of the conductor is obtained; the experimental and calculated dependences of pressure in the air channel on the expansion coefficient of the EEC products are plotted. A theoretical model that describes the change in radial stresses arising during loading with allowance for the boundary and initial conditions is developed. The accuracy of the model is substantiated by comparing the obtained results with experimental data. The circumferential stress at which the aluminum shell ruptures directly is estimated.

摘要 本文采用导体电爆炸法(EEC)对材料的动态加载进行了分析。实验样品是一个带轴向孔的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯厚壁圆柱体,它被压入一个铝壳中。通过对放置在样品轴向孔内的铜线导体施加电压,对样品进行加载。得出了导体电爆炸的状态方程,并绘制了实验和计算得出的空气通道压力与 EEC 产物膨胀系数的关系曲线。在考虑到边界条件和初始条件的情况下,建立了一个理论模型来描述加载过程中产生的径向应力变化。通过将获得的结果与实验数据进行比较,证实了该模型的准确性。估计了铝壳直接破裂时的圆周应力。
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引用次数: 0
Construction of Fundamental Solution for an Odd-Order Equation 奇数方程基本解的构建
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040180
B. Yu. Irgashev

Abstract

In previous papers, we obtained some delta-shaped partial solutions of odd-order equations with multiple characteristics and studied some of their properties. In this paper, we first obtain the necessary estimates at infinity for these solutions, and then construct a fundamental solution (FS) of an odd-order equation with multiple characteristics in a rectangular domain as the sum of these particular solutions. We show that the FS is a solution to an inhomogeneous equation with multiple characteristics in a rectangular domain. In turn, knowledge of FS allows us to construct a potential theory for its further use in solving boundary-value problems.

摘要 在以前的论文中,我们得到了一些具有多重特征的奇阶方程的三角型偏解,并研究了它们的一些性质。在本文中,我们首先得到了这些解在无穷远处的必要估计值,然后构造了矩形域中具有多个特征的奇阶方程的基本解(FS),作为这些特殊解的和。我们证明,FS 是矩形域中具有多重特征的非均质方程的解。反过来,FS 的知识又使我们能够构建一种潜在理论,进一步用于解决边界值问题。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Hybrid Riemann Solvers Based on HLLC and HLL for Simulation of Flows with Gas-Dynamic Discontinuities 基于 HLLC 和 HLL 的混合黎曼求解器在模拟气体动力不连续流中的应用
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040155
G. V. Shoev

Abstract

The application of hybrid approximate Riemann solvers based on standard HLLC and HLL solvers is discussed. Three different hybrid solvers are considered. The first hybrid solver (rHLLC-HLL) uses a weighted sum of HLLC and HLL so that HLLC is applied in the direction normal to the shock wave, while HLL is applied in the direction along the wave. The second hybrid solver (HLLC-ADC) uses the weighted sum of HLLC and HLL, applying as weights the pressure function at the centers of the left and right cells. The third hybrid solver (HLLC-HLL) computes inviscid fluxes using HLL inside shock waves and HLLC in the other areas of the flow. The faces within the shock waves are determined by a shock-wave indicator based on the reconstructed pressure values to the left and to the right of the face. Several tests have been carried out showing that hybrid solvers prevent the emergence of carbuncle and reduce oscillations on shock waves.

摘要 讨论了基于标准 HLLC 和 HLL 求解器的混合近似黎曼求解器的应用。本文考虑了三种不同的混合求解器。第一种混合求解器(rHLLC-HLL)使用 HLLC 和 HLL 的加权和,因此 HLLC 在冲击波的法线方向上应用,而 HLL 在沿波方向上应用。第二种混合求解器(HLLC-ADC)使用 HLLC 和 HLL 的加权和,将左右单元中心的压力函数作为权重。第三个混合求解器(HLLC-HLL)使用冲击波内的 HLL 和流动其他区域的 HLLC 计算不粘性通量。冲击波内的面是根据面左侧和右侧的重建压力值通过冲击波指示器确定的。多次测试表明,混合求解器可以防止痈的出现并减少冲击波的振荡。
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引用次数: 0
On the Anniversary of Alexander Konstantinovich Belyaev 亚历山大-康斯坦丁诺维奇-别利亚耶夫诞辰纪念日
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040064
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引用次数: 0
On the Asymptotic Behavior of Probabilities of Moderate Deviations for Combinatorial Sums 论组合和的适度偏差概率渐近行为
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040076
A. N. Frolov

Abstract

In this paper, the asymptotic behavior of probabilities of moderate deviations is investigated for combinatorial sums of independent random variables with moments of order p > 2. The zones are found in which these probabilities are equivalent to the tail of the standard normal law. The width of the zones are expressed in terms of the logarithm of the combinatorial variant of the Lyapunov ratio. Previously, similar results have been obtained by the author under the Bernstein and Linnik conditions. The truncation method is used in proving the new results.

摘要 本文研究了具有 p > 2 阶矩的独立随机变量组合和的中等偏差概率的渐近行为。区域的宽度用李亚普诺夫比率的组合变体对数表示。在此之前,作者在伯恩斯坦条件和林尼克条件下也得到过类似的结果。在证明新结果时使用了截断法。
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引用次数: 0
Rayleigh Waves in an Electroelastic Medium with Prestressed Inhomogeneous Coating 带有预应力非均质涂层的电弹性介质中的瑞利波
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040040
T. I. Belyankova, V. V. Kalinchuk

Abstract

An approach to studying the influence of initial mechanical stresses and an electrostatic field on the structure and behavior of Rayleigh waves in piezoelectric media with nonhomogeneous coatings is proposed. This paper considers two-component coatings made of functionally graded piezoelectric material with high-speed (the speed of the shear-wave inclusion is greater than the speed of the shear wave in the substrate) or low-speed (the speed of the shear-wave inclusion is less than the speed of the shear wave in the substrate) inclusions. The initially deformed state of the coating is induced by the separate or combined action of the initial mechanical stresses and external electrostatic field. The influence of the type of non-homogeneity and the nature of the initial mechanical stresses in the presence or absence of an initial electrostatic field on the features of Rayleigh wave propagation for problems with an electrically open or shorted surface is studied. It is established that the presence of a low-intensity initial electrostatic field only slightly affects the action of the initial mechanical stresses depending on its direction. The presence of a high-intensity electrostatic field leads to additional deformation of the material, significant changes in the speeds of the SAW modes, and substantial changes in the structure of the surface-wave field. The obtained results are presented in dimensionless parameters and may be of practical interest in the development, design, and optimization of new materials for micro- and nanoscale devices and devices on Rayleigh surface acoustic waves with high performance characteristics.

摘要 本文提出了一种研究初始机械应力和静电场对具有非均质涂层的压电介质中瑞利波的结构和行为的影响的方法。本文考虑了由功能分级压电材料制成的具有高速(剪切波夹杂物的速度大于基体中剪切波的速度)或低速(剪切波夹杂物的速度小于基体中剪切波的速度)夹杂物的双组分涂层。涂层的初始变形状态是由初始机械应力和外部静电场的单独或联合作用引起的。研究了在存在或不存在初始静电场的情况下,非均质性的类型和初始机械应力的性质对具有电开路或短路表面问题的瑞利波传播特征的影响。结果表明,低强度初始静电场的存在只会根据其方向对初始机械应力的作用产生轻微影响。而高强度静电场的存在则会导致材料发生额外变形、声表面波模式的速度发生显著变化以及表面波场结构发生重大变化。所得结果以无量纲参数表示,可能对开发、设计和优化微米和纳米级设备的新材料以及具有高性能特征的瑞利表面声波设备具有实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Conditions for Local Parameter Identifiability for Systems of Differential Equations with an Infinite-Dimensional Parameter 具有无限维参数的微分方程系统的局部参数可识别性条件
IF 0.2 Q4 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1063454123040143
S. Yu. Pilyugin, V. S. Shalgin

Abstract

The problem of parametric identification (determining the parameters of a system by observing solutions or functions of them) is one of the main problems in the applied theory of differential equations. When solving this problem, the property of local identifiability plays a crucial role. The presence of this property means that by observing solutions, it is possible to determine unambiguously the value of the system parameters in a neighborhood of the selected parameter. Previously, in the context of this problem, researchers mainly studied the case of a finite-dimensional parameter. The problem of local parametric identifiability in the case of an infinite-dimensional parameter has received much less attention. In this paper, we propose a new method for obtaining sufficient conditions for local parametric identifiability in the case of an infinite-dimensional parameter. When these conditions are met, an infinite-dimensional parameter belonging to certain classes is locally identified by observing the solution at a finite set of points. For systems with a linear dependence on the parameter, the genericity of the specified conditions is established.

摘要 参数辨识问题(通过观察解或其函数来确定系统参数)是微分方程应用理论中的主要问题之一。在解决这一问题时,局部可识别性特性起着至关重要的作用。这一特性的存在意味着,通过观察解,可以毫不含糊地确定所选参数邻域内的系统参数值。以前,在这一问题上,研究人员主要研究有限维参数的情况。无限维参数情况下的局部参数可识别性问题受到的关注要少得多。在本文中,我们提出了一种新方法,用于获得无穷维参数情况下局部参数可识别性的充分条件。当这些条件得到满足时,通过观察有限点集合的解,就能局部识别属于某些类别的无穷维参数。对于参数具有线性依赖性的系统,指定条件的通用性得以确立。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Vestnik St Petersburg University-Mathematics
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