Proteins in aqueous solution are complex systems that are made of many interacting and non-interacting elements whose behavior can be predictable upon the application of non-linear models. The aim of this study was to show that this complex system behaves like a viscoelastic system under exposure to high frequency electromagnetic (HF-EMF). To this aim, typical proteins in water solution were exposed for 3 h to a high frequency electromagnetic field at the power density of 1 W/m 2 . Proteins α-helices aligned along the direction of the field and the integrated areas of proteins β-sheet content increased linearly as a function of proteins dipole moment. This result can be explained assuming that proteins in aqueous solution under HF-EMF behave like a viscoelastic system.
{"title":"Proteins in aqueous solution under high frequency electromagnetic field: viscoelastic approximation of a complex system","authors":"E. Calabrò, S. Magazù","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.97S2A17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.97S2A17","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins in aqueous solution are complex systems that are made of many interacting and non-interacting elements whose behavior can be predictable upon the application of non-linear models. The aim of this study was to show that this complex system behaves like a viscoelastic system under exposure to high frequency electromagnetic (HF-EMF). To this aim, typical proteins in water solution were exposed for 3 h to a high frequency electromagnetic field at the power density of 1 W/m 2 . Proteins α-helices aligned along the direction of the field and the integrated areas of proteins β-sheet content increased linearly as a function of proteins dipole moment. This result can be explained assuming that proteins in aqueous solution under HF-EMF behave like a viscoelastic system.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44796392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Torrisi, N. Restuccia, L. Silipigni, S. Cuzzocrea, M. Cordaro
Bismuth is a biocompatible material that can be employed in the form of nanoparticles to be used as a possible alternative contrast medium for diagnostics. In particular, it has been prepared as spherical nanoparticles in liquid solution by using the technique of the pulsed laser ablation in water. The high atomic number Bi nanoparticles in the solution show surface plasmon resonance effects, high mass absorption coefficient for soft X-ray interaction and high electron and nuclear stopping powers for electrons and ion beams. This biocompatible solution can be injected into living systems, such as mice, in order to study the up-take effect in different organs with a high contrast spatial localization of the X-ray images in the tissues in which the nanoparticles are confined. The high contrast medium for high-resolution imaging in biological systems can be also used as targeting for successive exposure to ionizing radiation during radiotherapy or hyperthermia of diseased cells. The obtained results demonstrate high contrast images of Bi nanoparticles in biological environment by using the X-ray fluorescence in the electron microscopy and the X-ray absorption in mice.
{"title":"Synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles for biomedical applications","authors":"L. Torrisi, N. Restuccia, L. Silipigni, S. Cuzzocrea, M. Cordaro","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.97S2A12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.97S2A12","url":null,"abstract":"Bismuth is a biocompatible material that can be employed in the form of nanoparticles to be used as a possible alternative contrast medium for diagnostics. In particular, it has been prepared as spherical nanoparticles in liquid solution by using the technique of the pulsed laser ablation in water. The high atomic number Bi nanoparticles in the solution show surface plasmon resonance effects, high mass absorption coefficient for soft X-ray interaction and high electron and nuclear stopping powers for electrons and ion beams. This biocompatible solution can be injected into living systems, such as mice, in order to study the up-take effect in different organs with a high contrast spatial localization of the X-ray images in the tissues in which the nanoparticles are confined. The high contrast medium for high-resolution imaging in biological systems can be also used as targeting for successive exposure to ionizing radiation during radiotherapy or hyperthermia of diseased cells. The obtained results demonstrate high contrast images of Bi nanoparticles in biological environment by using the X-ray fluorescence in the electron microscopy and the X-ray absorption in mice.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42052561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermophiles from shallow hydrothermal vents (SHV) are ideal candidates to extend our knowledge for understanding the environmental limits for terrestrial life, which are also relevant in the field of astrobiology. The spore resistance of two thermophilic marine strains, Geobacillus vulcani DSM 13174 and Bacillus licheniformis T14, isolated from two SHV (Eolian Islands, Italy), to wet- and dry- heat was compared to their close phylogenetic relatives ( G. stearothermophilus DSM 22 T and B. licheniformis DSM 13 T ), and to the biodosimetry and space microbiology model strain B. subtilis 168. To determine the heat resistance, spore suspensions (107/ml) of each strain were exposed at wet-heat (95°C for 60 min) and dry-heat (130°C for 90 min) conditions. The spores viability was determined plating aliquots of each treated sample onto Tryptone Soy Agar plates, and finally the resistance of spores to both wet- and dry-heat treatments was expressed as LD90. The highest degree of spore resistance was observed for G. stearothermophilus , with similar level of resistance for G. vulcani . Spores from B. licheniformis T14 were more resistant than those of the closely related B. licheniformis DSM 13 T , and also than those of B. subtilis 168. Spores of the two thermophilic marine strains were more resistant to heat stresses than B. subtilis 168, which may reflect their own adaptation to the severe environmental vents conditions. Due to their thermal resistance, the two bacilli of shallow hydrothermal vents origins may have a novel use as bacterial model organisms for further investigation into the spore responses to environment stressors, also simulating space conditions.
{"title":"Resistance to high temperatures of spores from bacilli of shallow hydrothermal vent origins","authors":"Vincenzo Zammuto, C. Gugliandolo","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.97S2A28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.97S2A28","url":null,"abstract":"Thermophiles from shallow hydrothermal vents (SHV) are ideal candidates to extend our knowledge for understanding the environmental limits for terrestrial life, which are also relevant in the field of astrobiology. The spore resistance of two thermophilic marine strains, Geobacillus vulcani DSM 13174 and Bacillus licheniformis T14, isolated from two SHV (Eolian Islands, Italy), to wet- and dry- heat was compared to their close phylogenetic relatives ( G. stearothermophilus DSM 22 T and B. licheniformis DSM 13 T ), and to the biodosimetry and space microbiology model strain B. subtilis 168. To determine the heat resistance, spore suspensions (107/ml) of each strain were exposed at wet-heat (95°C for 60 min) and dry-heat (130°C for 90 min) conditions. The spores viability was determined plating aliquots of each treated sample onto Tryptone Soy Agar plates, and finally the resistance of spores to both wet- and dry-heat treatments was expressed as LD90. The highest degree of spore resistance was observed for G. stearothermophilus , with similar level of resistance for G. vulcani . Spores from B. licheniformis T14 were more resistant than those of the closely related B. licheniformis DSM 13 T , and also than those of B. subtilis 168. Spores of the two thermophilic marine strains were more resistant to heat stresses than B. subtilis 168, which may reflect their own adaptation to the severe environmental vents conditions. Due to their thermal resistance, the two bacilli of shallow hydrothermal vents origins may have a novel use as bacterial model organisms for further investigation into the spore responses to environment stressors, also simulating space conditions.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47028962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Parrino, Tiziana Capello, Gregorio Costa, C. Cannavà, M. Sanfilippo, F. Fazio, G. Piccione, S. Fasulo
Blood and its parameters can give specific indications on the welfare of fishes.Many endogenous and exogenous factors exert influences on the characteristics of blood. The correct interpretation of fish hematology for a given species depends on the availability of reference values. The purpose of the present study was therefore to build a database with data on haematological profiles of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), in particular of some blood cells, namely red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and thrombocytes (TC). All the blood parameters studied showed significant differences in the two fish species considered, using flow cytometry and optical microscopy coupled with an automated system. In particular, RBC showed an increase in mullets in respect to goldfish, while WBC and TC decreased. The differences found may be due to the environmental conditions and the different eating habits of the two species. The results of this research will allow to better understand how the different dietary habits and environmental conditions can influence the haematological parameters of fishes. Flow cytometry represents a modern diagnostic technique in human. Moreover, the technique used by combining flow cytometry with automated haematological counting, has proved very effective in the early evaluation of haematological parameters of various fish species.
{"title":"Blood flow cytometry in Mugil cephalus and Carassius auratus: a comparative study","authors":"V. Parrino, Tiziana Capello, Gregorio Costa, C. Cannavà, M. Sanfilippo, F. Fazio, G. Piccione, S. Fasulo","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.97S2A15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.97S2A15","url":null,"abstract":"Blood and its parameters can give specific indications on the welfare of fishes.Many endogenous and exogenous factors exert influences on the characteristics of blood. The correct interpretation of fish hematology for a given species depends on the availability of reference values. The purpose of the present study was therefore to build a database with data on haematological profiles of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), in particular of some blood cells, namely red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and thrombocytes (TC). All the blood parameters studied showed significant differences in the two fish species considered, using flow cytometry and optical microscopy coupled with an automated system. In particular, RBC showed an increase in mullets in respect to goldfish, while WBC and TC decreased. The differences found may be due to the environmental conditions and the different eating habits of the two species. The results of this research will allow to better understand how the different dietary habits and environmental conditions can influence the haematological parameters of fishes. Flow cytometry represents a modern diagnostic technique in human. Moreover, the technique used by combining flow cytometry with automated haematological counting, has proved very effective in the early evaluation of haematological parameters of various fish species.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48059440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is an updated checklist of the Sicilian Histeridae. Listed species originate from published data together with new material collected by the authors and other entomologists in the past last few decades. One hundred and four species and subspecies are reported, with new distribution data for many rare species in Sicily.
{"title":"The Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeroidea) of Sicily: new records and an updated checklist","authors":"C. Baviera, P. Vienna","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.972A7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.972A7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an updated checklist of the Sicilian Histeridae. Listed species originate from published data together with new material collected by the authors and other entomologists in the past last few decades. One hundred and four species and subspecies are reported, with new distribution data for many rare species in Sicily.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45911824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the monthly average temperature in Italy for the period 1991-2015. The increase or decrease of the average temperature with respect to the previous year is modelled as a discrete-time Markov chain having four possible states. Similarly, a Markov chain is proposed as a model for the variations of the monthly amount of precipitation. Based on these models, it is possible to forecast whether the temperature and the amount of precipitation are likely to vary significantly in the long term.
{"title":"Modelling and forecasting temperature and precipitation in Italy","authors":"M. Lefebvre","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.972A2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.972A2","url":null,"abstract":"We study the monthly average temperature in Italy for the period 1991-2015. The increase or decrease of the average temperature with respect to the previous year is modelled as a discrete-time Markov chain having four possible states. Similarly, a Markov chain is proposed as a model for the variations of the monthly amount of precipitation. Based on these models, it is possible to forecast whether the temperature and the amount of precipitation are likely to vary significantly in the long term.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47226193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we consider the effects of vortex diffusion in two paradigmatic inhomogeneous physical situations; radial heat flow between two concentric cylinders, and vortex decay in a finite cylindrical container. Diffusion effects may strongly modify the expected results for the vortex length density L as a function of the heat flux q , leading also to dynamical unexpected features, relating L to time in decay, or to hysteresis behaviour of L for increasing/decreasing heat flux.
{"title":"Vortex diffusion in superfluid turbulence: hysteresis and decay","authors":"M. Mongiovì, L. Saluto, D. Jou","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.97S1A17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.97S1A17","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we consider the effects of vortex diffusion in two paradigmatic inhomogeneous physical situations; radial heat flow between two concentric cylinders, and vortex decay in a finite cylindrical container. Diffusion effects may strongly modify the expected results for the vortex length density L as a function of the heat flux q , leading also to dynamical unexpected features, relating L to time in decay, or to hysteresis behaviour of L for increasing/decreasing heat flux.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45012535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The basis for defining and measuring temperatures is an equilibration process. In externally unforced systems the equilibration process is the time evolution, driven by entropy, toward the thermodynamic equilibrium states. In the systems subjected to external forces the equilibration process is a time evolution representing the approach from a more detailed level of description to constitutive relations on a less detailed level. This approach is driven by the CR entropy that in the absence of driving forces and after the approach is completed becomes the dissipation potential (a quantity closely related to the entropy production).
{"title":"Nonequilibrium temperature in the multiscale dynamics and thermodynamics","authors":"M. Grmela, L. Restuccia","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.97S1A8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.97S1A8","url":null,"abstract":"The basis for defining and measuring temperatures is an equilibration process. In externally unforced systems the equilibration process is the time evolution, driven by entropy, toward the thermodynamic equilibrium states. In the systems subjected to external forces the equilibration process is a time evolution representing the approach from a more detailed level of description to constitutive relations on a less detailed level. This approach is driven by the CR entropy that in the absence of driving forces and after the approach is completed becomes the dissipation potential (a quantity closely related to the entropy production).","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From a new rigorous formulation of the general axiomatic foundations of thermodynamics we derive an operational definition of entropy that responds to the emergent need in many technological frameworks to understand and deploy thermodynamic entropy well beyond the traditional realm of equilibrium states of macroscopic systems. The new treatment starts from a previously developed set of carefully worded operational definitions for all the necessary basic concepts, and is not based on the traditional ones of "heat" and of "thermal reservoir." It is achieved in three steps. First, a new definition of thermodynamic temperature is stated, for any stable equilibrium state. Then, by employing this definition, a measurement procedure is developed which defines uniquely the property entropy in a broad domain of states, which could include in principle, even some non-equilibrium states of few-particle systems, provided they are separable and uncorrelated. Finally, the domain of validity of the definition is extended, possibly to every state of every system, by a different procedure, based on the preceding one, which associates a range of entropy values to any state not included in the previous domain. The principle of entropy non-decrease and the additivity of entropy are proved in both the domains considered.
{"title":"New definitions of thermodynamic temperature and entropy not based on the concepts of heat and thermal reservoir","authors":"G. Beretta, E. Zanchini","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.97S1A1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.97S1A1","url":null,"abstract":"From a new rigorous formulation of the general axiomatic foundations of thermodynamics we derive an operational definition of entropy that responds to the emergent need in many technological frameworks to understand and deploy thermodynamic entropy well beyond the traditional realm of equilibrium states of macroscopic systems. The new treatment starts from a previously developed set of carefully worded operational definitions for all the necessary basic concepts, and is not based on the traditional ones of \"heat\" and of \"thermal reservoir.\" It is achieved in three steps. First, a new definition of thermodynamic temperature is stated, for any stable equilibrium state. Then, by employing this definition, a measurement procedure is developed which defines uniquely the property entropy in a broad domain of states, which could include in principle, even some non-equilibrium states of few-particle systems, provided they are separable and uncorrelated. Finally, the domain of validity of the definition is extended, possibly to every state of every system, by a different procedure, based on the preceding one, which associates a range of entropy values to any state not included in the previous domain. The principle of entropy non-decrease and the additivity of entropy are proved in both the domains considered.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44903797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we study the nonlinear Lyapunov stability of the thermodiffusive equilibrium of a viscoelastic rotating Walters fluid, in a horizontal rotating layer heated and salted from below. We reformulate the nonlinear stability problem, projecting the initial perturbation evolution equations on some suitable subspaces of the space of kinematically admissible functions. In this way we preserve the contribution of the Coriolis term and, jointly, all nonlinear terms vanish. When the viscoelasticy parameter vanishes, that is for the classical rotating Benard problem, if instability occurs as stationary convection, the linear and nonlinear stability bounds are equal.
{"title":"Thermosolutal convection in a rotating viscoelastic Walters fluid","authors":"L. Palese","doi":"10.1478/AAPP.97S1A20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.97S1A20","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study the nonlinear Lyapunov stability of the thermodiffusive equilibrium of a viscoelastic rotating Walters fluid, in a horizontal rotating layer heated and salted from below. We reformulate the nonlinear stability problem, projecting the initial perturbation evolution equations on some suitable subspaces of the space of kinematically admissible functions. In this way we preserve the contribution of the Coriolis term and, jointly, all nonlinear terms vanish. When the viscoelasticy parameter vanishes, that is for the classical rotating Benard problem, if instability occurs as stationary convection, the linear and nonlinear stability bounds are equal.","PeriodicalId":43431,"journal":{"name":"Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42706838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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