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Natural radioactivity and radiological hazard for humans: a simple introduction for newbies and students. New perspectives and innovative teaching methods 人类的自然放射性和放射性危害:新手和学生的简单介绍。新视角与创新教学方法
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.99S1A39
D. Romano, G. Sabatino, M. Bella, F. Italiano, M. T. Caccamo, A. Tripodo, S. Magazù
Pollution due to natural radioactivity is still a poorly known topic among young people. This paper describes the contents for an introductive university course or lecture conceived in a multitask program. Along with a so-called “flipped” configuration, where students are able to receive didactic materials prior to face-to-face lessons, multimedia contents should be shown to the students, who are at first faced with known anthropogenic accidents. Moreover, field and laboratory experimental activities can provide further insight regarding the radiological assessment strategies. Here, the most important principles and effects concerning the radioactive decay of naturally occurring radionuclides are described. The greatest part of natural radioactivity derives from terrestrial radionuclides occurring in soil and rocks. The radionuclides are atoms characterized by an excess of nuclear energy, which makes them unstable giving rise to decay. The radionuclides emit gamma rays, as well as alpha and/or beta particles. People are constantly subjected to indoor and outdoor exposure due to natural radioactivity. The possible sources can be considered as external due to natural sources located outside the human body, and internal provoked by ingestion or inhalation of radionuclides. The indoor exposure from natural sources is mainly related to radiation from building materials and to radon entering buildings from soils and rocks though cracks in walls and floor. The outdoor exposure mainly accounts for the terrestrial gamma radiation that crosses the soil air interface, and for the radon emitted from soils in seismic and volcanic areas. In this regard, there is a strong relationship between health diseases (e.g. cancer, necrosis and DNA and RNA modifications) and high-levels of natural radioactivity. For this reason, the radiological assessment of the most vulnerable areas represents a key point in order to mitigate hazard and risk connected to the human exposure to natural radioactivity.
天然放射性污染在年轻人中仍然是一个鲜为人知的话题。本文描述了在多任务程序中构思的大学导论课程或讲座的内容。除了所谓的“翻转”配置,即学生能够在面对面授课前收到教学材料外,还应该向最初面临已知人为事故的学生展示多媒体内容。此外,现场和实验室的实验活动可以提供关于放射学评估策略的进一步见解。在这里,描述了与天然放射性核素的放射性衰变有关的最重要的原理和影响。天然放射性的大部分来自土壤和岩石中的陆地放射性核素。放射性核素是以核能过剩为特征的原子,这使它们不稳定,从而导致衰变。放射性核素发射伽马射线以及α和/或β粒子。由于天然放射性,人们经常暴露在室内和室外。可能的来源可以被认为是由于位于人体外部的自然来源造成的外部来源,以及由摄入或吸入放射性核素引起的内部来源。自然源的室内暴露主要与建筑材料的辐射以及氡通过墙壁和地板的裂缝从土壤和岩石进入建筑物有关。室外暴露主要是由于穿过土壤-空气界面的地面伽马辐射,以及地震和火山地区土壤中释放的氡。在这方面,健康疾病(如癌症、坏死、DNA和RNA修饰)与高水平的天然放射性之间有着密切的关系。因此,对最脆弱地区进行放射性评估是减轻人类暴露于自然放射性的危害和风险的一个关键点。
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引用次数: 1
Biofuels from abandoned mines: A starting point for future developments 废弃矿山的生物燃料:未来发展的起点
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.992SC1
U. Lucia, D. Fino, Giulia Grisolia
Abandoned mines and quarries represent sites with the request of restoration due to their pollution. On the other hand, biofuels represent a response to the present request of sustainable energy, in order to reduce the CO$_2$ emission, in transportation, but also in energy production and domestic use. However, biofuels production seldom requires lands for the biomass cultivation. In this paper, the use of the dismissed mines and quarries is suggested for the cultivation of algae, as biomass production. To support this approach, a theoretical numerical evaluation of a typical dismissed quarry is developed in order to highlight the feasibility of the approach itself.
废弃矿山和采石场是由于污染而需要恢复的场所。另一方面,生物燃料代表了对当前可持续能源要求的回应,以减少CO$_2$的排放,在运输中,而且在能源生产和家庭使用中。然而,生物燃料的生产很少需要土地来种植生物质。在本文中,建议利用废弃的矿山和采石场来培养藻类,作为生物质生产。为了支持这种方法,对一个典型的废弃采石场进行了理论数值评估,以突出该方法本身的可行性。
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引用次数: 1
Thermodynamics and SARS-COV-2: Neurological effects in post-COVID 19 syndrome 热力学和SARS-COV-2:对covid - 19后综合征的神经学影响
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.992A3
U. Lucia, Giulia Grisolia, T. Deisboeck
There is increasing evidence that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause a spectrum of neurological symptoms. In this paper, we develop a theoretical concept underlying such neurological COVID-19 consequences by employing a non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach that allows linking the neuronal electric potential with a virus-induced pH variation. Our theoretical findings support further experimental work on therapeutically correcting electrolyte imbalances, such as Na+ and K+, to attenuate the neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2. © 2021 by the author(s);licensee Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti (Messina, Italy). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
越来越多的证据表明,感染SARS-CoV-2可引起一系列神经系统症状。在本文中,我们通过采用非平衡热力学方法,将神经元电位与病毒诱导的pH变化联系起来,建立了一个理论概念,以解释这种神经学COVID-19后果。我们的理论发现支持进一步的实验工作,以治疗性地纠正电解质失衡,如Na+和K+,以减轻SARS-CoV-2的神经系统影响。©作者2021;被许可人Peloritana dei Pericolanti学院(意大利墨西拿)。本文是在知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)的条款和条件下发布的开放获取文章。
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引用次数: 21
Absolutes and n -H-closed spaces 绝对与n-H-闭空间
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.992A1
F. A. Basile, M. Bonanzinga, N. Carlson, J. Porter
In this paper the investigation of n -H-closed spaces that was started by Basile et al . (2019) is continued for every n ∈ ω, n ≥ 2. In particular, starting with the relationship between the absolute space PX of an arbitrary topological space X , reported by Ponomarev and Shapiro (1976) and introduced by Blaszczyk (1975, 1977), Ul'yanov (1975a,b) and Shapiro (1976), it is shown that the absolute PX is n -H-closed if and only if X is n -H-closed. For an arbitrary space X , a β-like extension (β for the Stone-Cech compactification) Y is constructed for the semiregularization PX(s) of the absolute PX such that Y is a compact, extremally disconnected, completely regular (but not necessarily Hausdorff) extension of PX(s) , and PX(s) is C* -embedded in Y . The definition of the Fomin extension σ X for a Hausdorff space X (Porter and Woods 1988) is extended to an arbitrary space X and σ X X is shown to be homeomorphic to the remainder Y PX(s) . A similar result is established when X is an n -Hausdorff space defined by Basile et al. (2019). Further, we give a cardinality bound for any n -Hausdorff space X and show that the inequality |X| ≤ 2^χ( X ) for an H-closed space X proved by Dow and Porter (1982) can be extended to n -H-closed spaces.
本文研究了由Basile et al。(2019)对于每个n∈ω,n≥2是连续的。特别地,从Ponomarev和Shapiro(1976)报道并由Blaszczyk(19751977)、Ul’yanov(1975a,b)和Shapiro(1976)引入的任意拓扑空间X的绝对空间PX之间的关系开始,证明了绝对PX是n-H-闭的当且仅当X是n-H-闭合的。对于任意空间X,为绝对PX的半正则化PX(s)构造了一个β样扩展(Stone-Cech紧化的β)Y,使得Y是PX的一个紧的、极端不连通的、完全正则的(但不一定是Hausdorff)扩展,并且PX(s是C*-嵌入在Y中的。Hausdorff空间X的Fomin扩张σX的定义(Porter和Woods 1988)被推广到任意空间X,并且σXX被证明与余数YPX(s)同胚。当X是Basile等人定义的n-Hausdorff空间时,也建立了类似的结果。(2019)。此外,我们给出了任意n-Hausdorff空间X的基数界,并证明了由Dow和Porter(1982)证明的H-闭空间X的不等式|X|≤2^χ(X)可以推广到n-H-闭空间。
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引用次数: 1
Apionidae of the Francesco Vitale collection (Insecta: Coleoptera) Francesco Vitale收集的蜂属昆虫科(昆虫亚目:鞘翅目)
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.991A5
C. Giusto, C. Baviera
The Francesco Vitale Sicilian collection of Apionidae is critically revised. Hoplopodapion poupillieri (Wencker, 1864), Ischnopterapion (Ischnopterapion) aeneomicans nothum (Desbrochers des Loges, 1897) and Pseudoprotapion dumeei (A. Hoffmann, 1957) are recorded for the first time from Sicily and Italy; Omphalapion laevigatum (Paykull, 1792) is recorded for the first time from Sicily, whereas the presence on the island of Aizobius sedi (Germar, 1818) and Acentrotypus brunnipes (Boheman, 1839), until now considered doubtful, is confirmed. All species quoted from Sicily by Vitale are listed and commented. In addition, the previous citation of Ceratapion (Echinostroma) basicorne (Illiger, 1807) from Cyprus is attributed to Ceratapion (Echinostroma) curtii (Wagner, 1920) and C. curtii is recorded for the first time from this country. Brief comments on our current knowledge of the apionid fauna of Sicily are also included.
Francesco Vitale西西里Apionidae收藏经过严格修订。首次从西西里岛和意大利记录到了Hoplopodapion poupillari(Wencker,1864)、Ischopterapion(Ischoptera pion)aeneomicans nothum(Desbrochers des Loges,1897)和Pseudoprotapion dumeei(A.Hoffmann,1957);西西里岛首次记录到金龟子(Paykull,1792),而Aizobius sedi岛(Germar,1818)和Acentrotypus brunnipes岛(Bohman,1839)上的存在,直到现在被认为是可疑的,都得到了证实。Vitale引用西西里岛的所有物种都被列出并发表了评论。此外,之前塞浦路斯对Ceratapion(Echinostroma)basicorne(Illiger,1807)的引用被认为是Ceratapin(Echinotroma)curtii(Wagner,1920),C.curtii是该国首次记录的。还包括对我们目前对西西里岛apionid动物群的了解的简短评论。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison between solutions of a two-dimensional time-fractional diffusion-reaction equation through Lie symmetries 二维时间分数阶扩散反应方程Lie对称解的比较
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.991A4
Alessandra Jannelli, M. Speciale
In this paper, exact and numerical solutions of two dimensional time-fractional diffusion-reaction equation involving the Riemann-Liouville derivative are determined, by applying a procedure that combines the Lie symmetry analysis with the numerical methods. Two new reduced fractional differential equations are obtained by using the Lie symmetry theory. Applying only one Lie transformation, we get a new time-fractional partial differential equation and, applying a further Lie transformation, we get an ordinary differential equation. Numerical solutions of the reduced differential equations are computed separately by implicit numerical methods. A comparative study between numerical solutions is performed.
本文采用李对称性分析与数值方法相结合的方法,确定了含Riemann-Liouville导数的二维时间分数阶扩散反应方程的精确解和数值解。利用李对称理论得到了两个新的降阶分数阶微分方程。只应用一个李变换,我们得到一个新的时间分数阶偏微分方程,再应用一个李变换,我们就得到一个常微分方程。用隐式数值方法分别计算了简化微分方程的数值解。对数值解进行了比较研究。
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引用次数: 1
Torsion and curvature in continuously defective solid crystals 连续缺陷固体晶体的扭转和弯曲
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-02 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.991A3
M. Elżanowski
I show how one can utilize the concept of a canonical connection on a homogeneous space to describe defectiveness of a continuous elastic crystal solid.
我展示了如何利用齐次空间上的正则连接的概念来描述连续弹性晶体固体的缺陷。
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引用次数: 1
A qualitative result for higher-order discontinuous implicit differential equations 高阶不连续隐式微分方程的一个定性结果
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-02-04 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.991A2
P. Cubiotti
Let n,k ∈ N , and let T > 0, Y ⊆ R n and ξ = (ξ 0 , ξ 1 ,..., ξ k -1 ) ∈ ( R n ) k . Given a function f :[0, T ]×( R n ) k × Y → R , we consider the Cauchy problem f ( t,u,u ′ ,..., u (k) ) = 0 in [0, T ], u (i) (0) = ξ i for every i = 0, 1,..., k −1. We prove an existence and qualitative result for the generalized solutions of the above problem. In particular, we prove that, under suitable assumptions, the solution set S T f ( ξ ) of the above problem is nonempty, and the multifunction ξ ∈ ( R n ) k → S T f ( ξ ) admits an upper semicontinuous multivalued selection, with nonempty, compact and connected values. The assumptions of our result do not require any kind of continuity for the function f (·,·, y ). In particular, a function f satisfying our assumptions could be discontinuous, with respect to the second variable, even at all points ξ ∈ ( R n ) k .
设n,k∈n,设T>0,Y⊆Rn和ξ=(ξ0,ξ1,…,ξk-1)∈(Rn)k。给定函数f:[0,T]×(Rn)k×Y→ R,我们在[0,t]中考虑柯西问题f(t,u,u′,…,u(k))=0,u(i)(0)=ξi,对于每个i=0,1,。。。,k−1。我们证明了上述问题的广义解的存在性和定性结果。特别地,我们证明了在适当的假设下,上述问题的解集STf(ξ)是非空的,并且多函数ξ∈(Rn)k→ STf(ξ)允许上半连续多值选择,具有非空、紧致和连通值。我们结果的假设不要求函数f(·,·,y)具有任何形式的连续性。特别地,对于第二个变量,满足我们假设的函数f可能是不连续的,甚至在所有点ξ∈(Rn)k。
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引用次数: 0
A non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach to symmetry breaking in cancer 癌症对称性破缺的非平衡热力学方法
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.991A1
U. Lucia, Giulia Grisolia, T. Deisboeck
This paper develops a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach to oncogenesis, with a particular focus on ‘symmetry breaking’. The Onsager phenomenological coefficients are introduced to show the biophysical and thermophysical properties of cellular systems with differences between normal and cancerous cells. Seebeck- and Peltier-like effects are introduced to simplify the description of heat exchange and ion fluxes, in an effort to characterize the distinct role of the cellular electric membrane potential. Our result indicate that oncogenesis leads to changes in: (i) the thermophysical properties of the cell cytoplasm, caused by differences in density and heat capacity, (ii) the interactions with the micro-environment, (iii) geometrical characteristics, both in fractal dimensions and in shape symmetry, and (iv) the constitutive properties of membrane fluxes. This presents a unifying biophysics concept for such diverse characteristics, and it may yield new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.
本文发展了一种非平衡热力学方法来研究肿瘤的发生,特别关注“对称破缺”。引入Onsager现象学系数来显示正常细胞和癌细胞之间差异的细胞系统的生物物理和热物理特性。塞贝克效应和珀尔蒂埃效应的引入简化了热交换和离子通量的描述,以努力表征细胞电膜电位的独特作用。我们的研究结果表明,肿瘤发生导致以下方面的变化:(i)由密度和热容差异引起的细胞质热物理性质的变化,(ii)与微环境的相互作用,(iii)分形维数和形状对称的几何特征,以及(iv)膜通量的本构性质。这为这些不同的特征提供了一个统一的生物物理学概念,并可能产生新的诊断和治疗机会。
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引用次数: 1
The Cassidinae and Cryptocephalini (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) of Sicily: recent records and updated checklist 西西里岛仙桃科和隐头蝇属(鞘翅目):最新记录和更新清单
IF 0.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.1478/AAPP.982A7
C. Baviera, D. Sassi
This paper compiles an updated checklist of the Sicilian Cassidinae and Cryptocephalini species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae and Cryptocephalinae) starting from a critical bibliographic screening and adding new material, mainly collected by the first author in the last few decades. A total of 61 species is reported, with new data for many rarely collected taxa. The provided data expand the known distribution of many uncommon species in Sicily. Two species are recorded for the first time: Cassida inopinata Sassi and Borowiec, 2006 and Cryptocephalus (Cryptocephalus) bimaculatus Fabricius, 1781 and two uncertain presences are confirmed: Cassida deflorata Suffrian, 1844 and Cassida nobilis Linne, 1758. The presence of other sixteen species is considered questionable and needs further confirmation.
本文编制了西西里Cassidinae和Cryptocephalini种(鞘翅目:金蝶科、Cassidinae和隐头蝇科)的更新清单,从重要的文献筛选和增加新材料开始,主要是由第一作者近几十年收集的。报告了61种,许多罕见的分类群获得了新数据。提供的数据扩大了西西里岛许多罕见物种的已知分布。2种首次记录:Cassida inopinata Sassi and Borowiec, 2006年,Cryptocephalus (Cryptocephalus) bimaculatus Fabricius, 1781年,2种不确定存在:Cassida deflorata Suffrian, 1844年和Cassida nobilis Linne, 1758年。其他16个物种的存在被认为是可疑的,需要进一步确认。
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引用次数: 0
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Atti Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali
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