Pub Date : 2019-11-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.02
Diana E. Jiménez-de-Santiago, M. Yagüe, M. Antúnez, À. Bosch‐Serra
Pig slurry fertilization in dryland agriculture of semiarid areas is a matter of concern because of the increasing intensity of livestock farming. Slurry is a nutrient source but if it triggers soil water repellency (SWR), this could constrain its application over the surface in the crop cycle. In SWR tests, choice of a suitable drying soil temperature is a key point, as temperature affects its expression. Its determination must also be easily integrated with the different standard analytical procedures in laboratories. In this study we evaluated the persistence and the severity of the SWR in undisturbed soil samples dried at 40 °C. Soil samples came from a long-term fertilization experiment where five slurry treatments plus a control were implemented. Soil samples were taken seven times during a 51 days (d) period, starting 4 d before slurry application and up to 47 d after. The maximum recorded SWR persistence and severity was classified as moderate and severe, respectively. As soil dried at 40 °C was able to express hydrophobicity after pig slurry fertilization, the SWR tests can be easily included in the framework of routine procedures for soil sample analysis where this effluent has been applied. Further research is needed in slurry rainfed fertilized areas to evaluate SWR variability (annual and between cropping seasons) and its additional impacts in these agricultural systems.
{"title":"Diagnosis of soil hydrophobicity linked to pig slurry use in a calcareous soil","authors":"Diana E. Jiménez-de-Santiago, M. Yagüe, M. Antúnez, À. Bosch‐Serra","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.02","url":null,"abstract":"Pig slurry fertilization in dryland agriculture of semiarid areas is a matter of concern because of the increasing intensity of livestock farming. Slurry is a nutrient source but if it triggers soil water repellency (SWR), this could constrain its application over the surface in the crop cycle. In SWR tests, choice of a suitable drying soil temperature is a key point, as temperature affects its expression. Its determination must also be easily integrated with the different standard analytical procedures in laboratories. In this study we evaluated the persistence and the severity of the SWR in undisturbed soil samples dried at 40 °C. Soil samples came from a long-term fertilization experiment where five slurry treatments plus a control were implemented. Soil samples were taken seven times during a 51 days (d) period, starting 4 d before slurry application and up to 47 d after. The maximum recorded SWR persistence and severity was classified as moderate and severe, respectively. As soil dried at 40 °C was able to express hydrophobicity after pig slurry fertilization, the SWR tests can be easily included in the framework of routine procedures for soil sample analysis where this effluent has been applied. Further research is needed in slurry rainfed fertilized areas to evaluate SWR variability (annual and between cropping seasons) and its additional impacts in these agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46019988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.05
S. Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi, nafiseh ghezelseflue, Mehdi Boroughani
Splash erosion is recognized as the first stage in soil erosion process and results from the bombing of the soil surface by rain drops. One of the soil erosion control methods is the use of chemical polymers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different rates of polyacrylamide - PAM (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg/ha) - on the rate of splash erosion at three rainfall intensities (60, 90 and 120 mm/h) and three rainfall durations (10, 20 and 30 minutes) in laboratory conditions using a FEL3 rainfall simulator and Morgan splash bowls on a marly soil with loam soil texture. In all three intensities, rainfall duration and PAM treatments, the reductions of erosion were significant at 99% level, while their interaction was not statistically significant. The results indicated that 2 kg/ha of PAM did not show any significant difference in splash erosion reduction for all the intensities and durations. Increasing the rate of PAM from 4 kg/ha to 6 kg/ha helped to reduce the splash erosion rate; however, there was not a significant difference between the rates of 4 and 6 kg/ha of PAM in the intensity of 90 and 120 mm/h. Most splash erosion reduction (54%) was obtained for the intensity of 60 mm/h and the duration of 10 min with 6 kg/ha of PAM.
{"title":"Using polyacrylamide to control soil splash erosion in rainfalls with variable intensity and duration","authors":"S. Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi, nafiseh ghezelseflue, Mehdi Boroughani","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Splash erosion is recognized as the first stage in soil erosion process and results from the bombing of the soil surface by rain drops. One of the soil erosion control methods is the use of chemical polymers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different rates of polyacrylamide - PAM (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg/ha) - on the rate of splash erosion at three rainfall intensities (60, 90 and 120 mm/h) and three rainfall durations (10, 20 and 30 minutes) in laboratory conditions using a FEL3 rainfall simulator and Morgan splash bowls on a marly soil with loam soil texture. In all three intensities, rainfall duration and PAM treatments, the reductions of erosion were significant at 99% level, while their interaction was not statistically significant. The results indicated that 2 kg/ha of PAM did not show any significant difference in splash erosion reduction for all the intensities and durations. Increasing the rate of PAM from 4 kg/ha to 6 kg/ha helped to reduce the splash erosion rate; however, there was not a significant difference between the rates of 4 and 6 kg/ha of PAM in the intensity of 90 and 120 mm/h. Most splash erosion reduction (54%) was obtained for the intensity of 60 mm/h and the duration of 10 min with 6 kg/ha of PAM.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.04
M. Rodrigues, Tais Garmus, M. Arrobas, A. Gonçalves, Ermelinda Silva, Luis Mateus Rocha, Luís Pinto, Cátia Brito, Sandra Martins, T. Vargas, C. Correia
Biochar has received great attention as a soil conditioner since it can potentially sequester carbon (C) in soil, enhance soil physical, chemical and biological properties and improve crop productivity.This study reports the results of a pot experiment with olive (Olea europaea L.), carried out in an acidic and clay loam textured soil, and cultivated during two growing seasons under eight fertilization treatments. They included mineral fertilization equivalent to a rate of 100 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O (NPK), biochar applied at a rate of 10 (B10), and at 20 (B20) t biochar ha-1, biochar-NPK mixture (B10+NPK), biochar-waste mixtures with mushroom waste compost (B10+MWC), olive mill waste (B10 + OMW), and municipal solid waste (B10+MSW), the organic materials applied at a rate of 20 t ha-1, together with a treatment without fertilization (control).Biochar in the B20 treatment increased the soil C content in comparison to the control. Biochar in the B10+NPK treatment reduced soil nitrate levels compared to NPK treatment. No other benefits to soil properties, nutrient uptake or plant growth were observed with the use of biochar or any positive synergistic effect with the mixture of biochar with the other organic amendments. MSW, OMW and MWC tended to increase soil pH in comparison to the control.Most of the studies with biochar were carried out in soils with edaphic limitations or harsh environmental conditions limiting plant growth, which may have facilitated the detection of favorable effects. Under less limited soils or stressful conditions for plants, such as the ones established in this experiment, the benefits of using biochar were poor.
生物炭作为一种土壤调理剂受到了极大的关注，因为它可以潜在地螯合土壤中的碳，增强土壤的物理、化学和生物特性，提高作物生产力。本研究报告了橄榄（Olea europaea L.）在酸性粘壤土中进行的盆栽试验结果，该试验在八种施肥处理下的两个生长季节进行。其中包括相当于100 kg ha-1的N、P2O5和K2O（NPK）的矿物肥料，以10（B10）和20（B20）t的速率施用生物炭ha-1，生物炭NPK混合物（B10+NPK），生物炭废物与蘑菇废物堆肥的混合物（B10+MWC），橄榄厂废物（B10+OMW）和城市固体废物（B10+MSW），有机材料以20 t ha-1的速率施用，以及不施肥的处理（对照）。与对照相比，B20处理中的生物炭增加了土壤碳含量。与NPK处理相比，B10+NPK处理中的生物炭降低了土壤硝酸盐水平。使用生物炭没有观察到对土壤性质、养分吸收或植物生长的其他益处，也没有观察到生物炭与其他有机改良剂的混合物有任何积极的协同作用。与对照相比，MSW、OMW和MWC倾向于增加土壤pH。大多数生物炭研究都是在土壤限制或恶劣环境条件限制植物生长的土壤中进行的，这可能有助于检测有利的影响。在限制较少的土壤或植物的压力条件下，例如本实验中建立的条件下，使用生物炭的好处很差。
{"title":"Combined biochar and organic waste have little effect on chemical soil properties and plant growth","authors":"M. Rodrigues, Tais Garmus, M. Arrobas, A. Gonçalves, Ermelinda Silva, Luis Mateus Rocha, Luís Pinto, Cátia Brito, Sandra Martins, T. Vargas, C. Correia","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar has received great attention as a soil conditioner since it can potentially sequester carbon (C) in soil, enhance soil physical, chemical and biological properties and improve crop productivity.</span></span><span lang=\"EN\"> </span><span class=\"tlid-translation\"><span lang=\"EN\">This study reports the results of a pot experiment with olive (<em>Olea europaea</em> L.), carried out in an acidic and clay loam textured soil, and cultivated during two growing seasons under eight fertilization treatments. They included mineral fertilization equivalent to a rate of 100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O (NPK), biochar applied at a rate of 10 (B10), and at 20 (B20) t biochar ha<sup>-1</sup>, biochar-NPK mixture (B10+NPK), biochar-waste mixtures with mushroom waste compost (B10+MWC), olive mill waste (B10 + OMW), and municipal solid waste (B10+MSW), the organic materials applied at a rate of 20 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, together with a treatment without fertilization (control).</span><span lang=\"EN\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\">Biochar in the B20 treatment increased the soil C content in comparison to the control. Biochar in the B10+NPK treatment reduced soil nitrate levels compared to NPK treatment. No other benefits to soil properties, nutrient uptake or plant growth were observed with the use of biochar or any positive synergistic effect with the mixture of biochar with the other organic amendments. MSW, OMW and MWC tended to increase soil pH in comparison to the control.</span><span lang=\"EN\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\">Most of the studies with biochar were carried out in soils with edaphic limitations or harsh environmental conditions limiting plant growth, which may have facilitated the detection of favorable effects. Under less limited soils or stressful conditions for plants, such as the ones established in this experiment, the benefits of using biochar were poor.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49239473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.04
Mohamed Amine Abdennour, A. Douaoui, Abdelhamid Bradaï, Amel Bennacer, Manuel Pulido Fernández
In semi-arid and arid areas, soil salinity has adverse effects both on the environment and agricultural production. The main causes of this salinization come from natural or anthropogenic processes, which is certainly an environmental problem that affects more than 20% of the world's land. This study was made in order to map the spatial distribution of soil salinity of the irrigated perimeter of El Ghrous in southeastern Algeria. These maps were performed based on data collected from 190 soil samples from 0 to 15 cm deep. We used ordinary kriging (OK) to analyze the spatial variability of soil salinity, while indicator kriging (IK) was used to analyze salinity versus threshold values. The salinity map predicted by the electrical conductivity (EC) values using the ordinary kriging (OK) method showed the different classes of salinity according to Durand's classification with moderately saline 3rd order dominance, while the unsalted soil (EC < 0.6 dS m-1) represents a very low percentage (1.5%). The indicator kriging (IK) was carried out by four thresholds which correspond to the salinity class limits: EC > 0.6, EC > 1, EC > 2, EC > 3, and EC > 4 dS m-1, for developing probability maps to determine risk areas. This study has shown the spatial trend of soil salinity by geolocation of different classes, and to carry out risk maps using geostatistical techniques.
{"title":"Application of kriging techniques for assessing the salinity of irrigated soils: the case of El Ghrous perimeter, Biskra, Algeria","authors":"Mohamed Amine Abdennour, A. Douaoui, Abdelhamid Bradaï, Amel Bennacer, Manuel Pulido Fernández","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.04","url":null,"abstract":"In semi-arid and arid areas, soil salinity has adverse effects both on the environment and agricultural production. The main causes of this salinization come from natural or anthropogenic processes, which is certainly an environmental problem that affects more than 20% of the world's land. This study was made in order to map the spatial distribution of soil salinity of the irrigated perimeter of El Ghrous in southeastern Algeria. These maps were performed based on data collected from 190 soil samples from 0 to 15 cm deep. We used ordinary kriging (OK) to analyze the spatial variability of soil salinity, while indicator kriging (IK) was used to analyze salinity versus threshold values. The salinity map predicted by the electrical conductivity (EC) values using the ordinary kriging (OK) method showed the different classes of salinity according to Durand's classification with moderately saline 3rd order dominance, while the unsalted soil (EC < 0.6 dS m-1) represents a very low percentage (1.5%). The indicator kriging (IK) was carried out by four thresholds which correspond to the salinity class limits: EC > 0.6, EC > 1, EC > 2, EC > 3, and EC > 4 dS m-1, for developing probability maps to determine risk areas. This study has shown the spatial trend of soil salinity by geolocation of different classes, and to carry out risk maps using geostatistical techniques.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41560710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.03
Antonio Valera Lozano, C. Vidal, Juan Sánchez Díaz
The aim of this study is to understand the urban growth dynamics from the mid-1950s to 2012 in the Metropolitan Area of Valencia, eastern Spain, and its impact on soils. The study area is a very interesting example of the many changes in land use and land cover in the landscape of Mediterranean alluvial plains. The analysis of urban growth was based on photo interpretation of aerial photographs and GIS based methodology. At a detailed scale (1:10,000), results show that there has been a highly dynamic process produced by the extent of land developed as urban area. In 1956 only 3,441 hectares (9.3% of the overall study area) were occupied by urban use. In 2012 the total sealed surface was 10,523 hectares, around 30% of the studied area. The increase in built-up areas for the whole period was 206%, representing an average annual rate of 126 ha/yr. In the Metropolitan Area of Valencia much of the land converted to urban use was once highly productive agricultural soils. Around 5,763 ha of soil types with very high and high land capability, mainly Calcaric Fluvisols, were sealed throughout the study period.
{"title":"Urban growth (1956-2012) and soil sealing in the metropolitan area of Valencia (Eastern Spain)","authors":"Antonio Valera Lozano, C. Vidal, Juan Sánchez Díaz","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to understand the urban growth dynamics from the mid-1950s to 2012 in the Metropolitan Area of Valencia, eastern Spain, and its impact on soils. The study area is a very interesting example of the many changes in land use and land cover in the landscape of Mediterranean alluvial plains. The analysis of urban growth was based on photo interpretation of aerial photographs and GIS based methodology. At a detailed scale (1:10,000), results show that there has been a highly dynamic process produced by the extent of land developed as urban area. In 1956 only 3,441 hectares (9.3% of the overall study area) were occupied by urban use. In 2012 the total sealed surface was 10,523 hectares, around 30% of the studied area. The increase in built-up areas for the whole period was 206%, representing an average annual rate of 126 ha/yr. In the Metropolitan Area of Valencia much of the land converted to urban use was once highly productive agricultural soils. Around 5,763 ha of soil types with very high and high land capability, mainly Calcaric Fluvisols, were sealed throughout the study period.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42245759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.05
Zeyad Makhamreh
The objective of this research was to investigate the pattern of land use change and its impact on land degradation in the Mediterranean regions of Jordan. Land use was interpreted using aerial photos and high-resolution satellite images and fieldwork carried out in 2018. Assessment of the degradation vulnerability degree was based on comparing the current land use with the potential suitability of the land by using FAO framework and spatial analysis techniques. The pattern of land use change from 1958 to 2018 showed that the area of rangeland and field crops declined by 16.1%, and 13.5% respectively; while the potential suitability for land utilization showed that 80% of the catchment is highly suitable for forest and rangeland in classes S1 and S2 respectively. The degree of vulnerability for land degradation under the current land use was assessed based on the erosion hazard, slope percent, and soil depth. The highest vulnerability class represents 10%, the medium vulnerability class covers 24%, the slightly moderate vulnerability class covers 31%, and the low vulnerability class consists of about 22% of the catchment area. In summary, the main constraints contributing to land degradation are improper land use by cultivation under high erosion hazard and slope degree followed by shallow soil depth.
{"title":"Land degradation vulnerability assessment based on land use changes and FAO suitability analysis in Jordan","authors":"Zeyad Makhamreh","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to investigate the pattern of land use change and its impact on land degradation in the Mediterranean regions of Jordan. Land use was interpreted using aerial photos and high-resolution satellite images and fieldwork carried out in 2018. Assessment of the degradation vulnerability degree was based on comparing the current land use with the potential suitability of the land by using FAO framework and spatial analysis techniques. The pattern of land use change from 1958 to 2018 showed that the area of rangeland and field crops declined by 16.1%, and 13.5% respectively; while the potential suitability for land utilization showed that 80% of the catchment is highly suitable for forest and rangeland in classes S1 and S2 respectively. The degree of vulnerability for land degradation under the current land use was assessed based on the erosion hazard, slope percent, and soil depth. The highest vulnerability class represents 10%, the medium vulnerability class covers 24%, the slightly moderate vulnerability class covers 31%, and the low vulnerability class consists of about 22% of the catchment area. In summary, the main constraints contributing to land degradation are improper land use by cultivation under high erosion hazard and slope degree followed by shallow soil depth.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48560805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.01
F. Alonso
There is little information available on the evolution and stratification of soil C content (SCC) at the medium- to long-term in semiarid vineyards with cover crops. The objective was to determine SCC at different depths in the medium term (5 and 8 years) in a semiarid vineyard with different cover crops. The field experiment was conducted on Typic Haploxerept soil with a loam texture, pH 8.2, situated in a vineyard (cv. Tempranillo) located in the La Rioja region (northeast Spain) on Miocene sandstones, siltstones, clays and marlstones. Two different soil managements were evaluated: conventional tillage (CT) and continuous cover crop of resident vegetation (RV). Soil samples were collected from four soil layers (at depths of 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-15, and 15-25 cm) in June 2009 and June 2012, 5 and 8 years respectively after cover crop establishment. The SCC was determined and the SCC variation with respect to tillage treatment was determined considering the percentage of soil < 2 mm and soil bulk density. The results showed that the greatest increase in SCC occurred at 0-2.5 cm soil depth, increasing less with depth. The SCC annual increment in the whole soil sampled (0-25 cm) was 2.78 Mg C ha-1 year-1 after 5 years and decreased to 1.98 Mg C ha-1 year-1 after 8 years of cover crop establishment. The lower SCC annual increase was not due to the maximum increase being reached in the whole of the sampled soil (0-25 cm). From 2009 to 2012, the SCC did not increase at the soil surface (0-2.5 cm), but did so in the subsurface zone (2.5-5 cm), although with an annual increment lower than that found at soil surface (0-2.5 cm). In conclusion, the steady state in SCC would not have been reached in the medium term (8 years) under cover crop, since there is still a increment of SCC in the subsurface layers.
{"title":"Soil carbon content and its stratification at the medium-term (5 and 8 years) in a semi-arid vineyard with cover crops","authors":"F. Alonso","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.01","url":null,"abstract":"There is little information available on the evolution and stratification of soil C content (SCC) at the medium- to long-term in semiarid vineyards with cover crops. The objective was to determine SCC at different depths in the medium term (5 and 8 years) in a semiarid vineyard with different cover crops. The field experiment was conducted on Typic Haploxerept soil with a loam texture, pH 8.2, situated in a vineyard (cv. Tempranillo) located in the La Rioja region (northeast Spain) on Miocene sandstones, siltstones, clays and marlstones. Two different soil managements were evaluated: conventional tillage (CT) and continuous cover crop of resident vegetation (RV). Soil samples were collected from four soil layers (at depths of 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-15, and 15-25 cm) in June 2009 and June 2012, 5 and 8 years respectively after cover crop establishment. The SCC was determined and the SCC variation with respect to tillage treatment was determined considering the percentage of soil < 2 mm and soil bulk density. The results showed that the greatest increase in SCC occurred at 0-2.5 cm soil depth, increasing less with depth. The SCC annual increment in the whole soil sampled (0-25 cm) was 2.78 Mg C ha-1 year-1 after 5 years and decreased to 1.98 Mg C ha-1 year-1 after 8 years of cover crop establishment. The lower SCC annual increase was not due to the maximum increase being reached in the whole of the sampled soil (0-25 cm). From 2009 to 2012, the SCC did not increase at the soil surface (0-2.5 cm), but did so in the subsurface zone (2.5-5 cm), although with an annual increment lower than that found at soil surface (0-2.5 cm). In conclusion, the steady state in SCC would not have been reached in the medium term (8 years) under cover crop, since there is still a increment of SCC in the subsurface layers.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47572983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.06
I. S. D. Soto, I. Virto, P. Barré, A. Enrique
This article evaluates the effect of irrigation on carbonates dynamics in agricultural soils. We studied the proportion and distribution of pedogenic carbonates in different size fractions in a soil with and without irrigation, using the isotopic signature of carbonates C. Irrigation can alter the distribution of soil carbonates and produce a preferential accumulation of pedogenic carbonates (87% to 92% with irrigation for 61% to 74% without irrigation), in the finer fractions.
{"title":"Effect of irrigation on carbonate dynamics in a calcareous soil using isotopic determinations","authors":"I. S. D. Soto, I. Virto, P. Barré, A. Enrique","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article evaluates the effect of irrigation on carbonates dynamics in agricultural soils. We studied the proportion and distribution of pedogenic carbonates in different size fractions in a soil with and without irrigation, using the isotopic signature of carbonates C. Irrigation can alter the distribution of soil carbonates and produce a preferential accumulation of pedogenic carbonates (87% to 92% with irrigation for 61% to 74% without irrigation), in the finer fractions.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46326986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.02
A. Rabitz, Alexander Hollaus, D. Pham, M. Tu, A. Mentler
Land degradation caused by both human impact and climatic factors leads to desertification and results in a reduction of the vegetation cover, erosion and a loss of soil fertility followed by socioeconomic problems. In particular, non-adjusted land use practices are the main driving forces for desertification. The present study examines how sustainability strategies under dragon fruit and peanut cultivation in Bình Thuận, Vietnam, influence soil fertility in a region that is characterised by Arenosols and a semi-arid climate. The coastal area is prone to desertification which complicates agricultural production. For that purpose, soil analyses for various soil parameters were combined with a socio-scientific survey based on the evaluation of quantitative interviews and a SWOT analysis. The results indicate that no significant effects of sustainability strategies on soil fertility could be measured. Furthermore, no evidence was found that intercropping enhances soil fertility, since soil parameters were not higher under dragon fruit intercropped with peanut than under monoculture. A higher nutrient concentration directly next to the dragon fruit shows that dragon fruit cultivation contributes more to soil fertility than peanut cultivation. This is especially because of the application of mulch around the plant which increases the humus content in soil and keeps the nutrients from leaching. However, the non-cultivated area in between the dragon fruit is more exposed to soil erosion. Differences in values next to and in between the plants are higher under dragon fruit. Therefore, it can be assumed that under peanut, nutrient concentrations are more balanced over the whole field. Due to a rising demand for food and pressure on land not yet used for agriculture, further research on Arenosols and the implementation of agricultural practices adapted to environmental conditions should be accelerated in order to achieve the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals).
{"title":"Sustainability strategies and soil fertility in the dryland Bình Thuận, Vietnam","authors":"A. Rabitz, Alexander Hollaus, D. Pham, M. Tu, A. Mentler","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Land degradation caused by both human impact and climatic factors leads to desertification and results in a reduction of the vegetation cover, erosion and a loss of soil fertility followed by socioeconomic problems. In particular, non-adjusted land use practices are the main driving forces for desertification. The present study examines how sustainability strategies under dragon fruit and peanut cultivation in Bình Thuận, Vietnam, influence soil fertility in a region that is characterised by Arenosols and a semi-arid climate. The coastal area is prone to desertification which complicates agricultural production. For that purpose, soil analyses for various soil parameters were combined with a socio-scientific survey based on the evaluation of quantitative interviews and a SWOT analysis. The results indicate that no significant effects of sustainability strategies on soil fertility could be measured. Furthermore, no evidence was found that intercropping enhances soil fertility, since soil parameters were not higher under dragon fruit intercropped with peanut than under monoculture. A higher nutrient concentration directly next to the dragon fruit shows that dragon fruit cultivation contributes more to soil fertility than peanut cultivation. This is especially because of the application of mulch around the plant which increases the humus content in soil and keeps the nutrients from leaching. However, the non-cultivated area in between the dragon fruit is more exposed to soil erosion. Differences in values next to and in between the plants are higher under dragon fruit. Therefore, it can be assumed that under peanut, nutrient concentrations are more balanced over the whole field. Due to a rising demand for food and pressure on land not yet used for agriculture, further research on Arenosols and the implementation of agricultural practices adapted to environmental conditions should be accelerated in order to achieve the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals).","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N1.03
Ana Dolores Armenta Calderón, S. Moreno-Salazar, Eduardo Furrazola Gómez, A. Ochoa-Meza
Desert trees and shrubs play a relevant role in stabilizing the deserts ecosystems, and mycorrhizal association is very important for its adaptation and survival in arid and semi-arid areas. The influence of mycorrhizic fungi on the formation of water stable aggregates through glomalin and on soil carbon content has been studied. We sampled the rhizosphere of representative trees (Olneya tesota, Prosopis juliflora, and Parkinsonia microphylla), and shrubs (Jatropha cuneata and Larrea tridentata) of the Sonoran Desert for four seasons in order to evaluate the mycorrhizal status, carbon and glomalin accumulation, and their relationship with water stable aggregates. Results showed that mycorrhizic association is present all the year on studied plants, with values from 1.2 to 57% of mycorrhizal colonization, with variations depending on the season. The accumulation of carbon in the soil profile has significant differences between plants and ranged from 1.1 to 1.75% for Larrea and Prosopis, respectively. The water stable aggregates were significantly different between plants and ranged between 24% and 42%. Glomalin correlation with carbon content and water stable aggregates shows the role of mycorrhizal fungi on soil quality, highlighting influence on carbon content in rhizosphere.
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhiza, carbon content and soil aggregation in Sonoran Desert plants","authors":"Ana Dolores Armenta Calderón, S. Moreno-Salazar, Eduardo Furrazola Gómez, A. Ochoa-Meza","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2019.V9.N1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Desert trees and shrubs play a relevant role in stabilizing the deserts ecosystems, and mycorrhizal association is very important for its adaptation and survival in arid and semi-arid areas. The influence of mycorrhizic fungi on the formation of water stable aggregates through glomalin and on soil carbon content has been studied. We sampled the rhizosphere of representative trees (Olneya tesota, Prosopis juliflora, and Parkinsonia microphylla), and shrubs (Jatropha cuneata and Larrea tridentata) of the Sonoran Desert for four seasons in order to evaluate the mycorrhizal status, carbon and glomalin accumulation, and their relationship with water stable aggregates. Results showed that mycorrhizic association is present all the year on studied plants, with values from 1.2 to 57% of mycorrhizal colonization, with variations depending on the season. The accumulation of carbon in the soil profile has significant differences between plants and ranged from 1.1 to 1.75% for Larrea and Prosopis, respectively. The water stable aggregates were significantly different between plants and ranged between 24% and 42%. Glomalin correlation with carbon content and water stable aggregates shows the role of mycorrhizal fungi on soil quality, highlighting influence on carbon content in rhizosphere.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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