E. Bendíková, M. Marko, Robert Rozim, Ladislav Martinsky
Introduction: The purpose of the study was to identify musculoskeletal system changes in adolescent extraleague ice hockey players. The 4-week physical program was realized within lessons of physical and sport education. Methods: The monitored group consisted of 11 adolescent sports grammar school students in Nitra, Slovakia (aged: 17.27±0.5; body height: 175.96±1.2 cm and body weight: 77.23±3.5 kg) who were the extraleague hockey players of HK Nitra. To monitor their musculoskeletal system, we used standardized methods for physical and medical practice, such as Klein and Thomas modified by Mayer. Results: The students’ physical and sport education programs had positive changes on their musculoskeletal system, both in the muscle system (Wtest=p<0.05) and in the area of posture Wtest= p<0.05). While comparing the level of the students’ posture as the external manifestation of the functional muscle system, we stated that the difference, the improvement between the input (12.4) and the output (7.9) testing was significant with the value of p = 0.03 (Wtest=p<0.05). By applying the 4-week physical program, the pain in the cervical and lumbar spine in students was also eliminated.
{"title":"Effect of 4-Week Physical Program on Musculoskeletal System Changes in Adolescent Sport Class Students with Focus on Ice Hockey","authors":"E. Bendíková, M. Marko, Robert Rozim, Ladislav Martinsky","doi":"10.16926/PAR.2019.07.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/PAR.2019.07.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of the study was to identify musculoskeletal system changes in adolescent extraleague ice hockey players. The 4-week physical program was realized within lessons of physical and sport education. Methods: The monitored group consisted of 11 adolescent sports grammar school students in Nitra, Slovakia (aged: 17.27±0.5; body height: 175.96±1.2 cm and body weight: 77.23±3.5 kg) who were the extraleague hockey players of HK Nitra. To monitor their musculoskeletal system, we used standardized methods for physical and medical practice, such as Klein and Thomas modified by Mayer. Results: The students’ physical and sport education programs had positive changes on their musculoskeletal system, both in the muscle system (Wtest=p<0.05) and in the area of posture Wtest= p<0.05). While comparing the level of the students’ posture as the external manifestation of the functional muscle system, we stated that the difference, the improvement between the input (12.4) and the output (7.9) testing was significant with the value of p = 0.03 (Wtest=p<0.05). By applying the 4-week physical program, the pain in the cervical and lumbar spine in students was also eliminated.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and health behaviours and to analyse the relationship between the quality of life and health behaviours in the group of patients with low back pain (LBP). Material and methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 52 patients with LBP (29 female and 23 male, M(age) = 48.96±15.86). The tool used for assessing the quality of life was the Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQoL-BREF, Polish version), whereas the methodological basis for investigating health behaviours was the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI). Results: The analysis revealed that the General Index of Intensity of Health Behaviours (GIIHB) was high in 30.8%, average in 40.4% and low in 28.8% of the respondents. Statistically significant positive relationships were observed between: (1) Positive Thinking (HBI) and: Overall Quality of Life (R=0.42), General Health (R=0.29), Psychological domain (R=0.46) and Environmental domain (R=0.44); (2) between Proper Nutritional Habits (HBI) and Overall Quality of Life (R=0.38), Psychological domain (R=0.28), Environmental domain (R=0.30); (3) between Health Practices (HBI) and: Overall Quality of Life (R=0.31) and Psychological domain (R=0.28); (4) between Preventive Behaviours (HBI) and two domains: Psychological domain (R=0.34) and Environmental domain (R=0.34). GIIHB for the respondents in general was a factor that significantly differentiated quality of life in Psychological domain (p=0.031) and Environmental domain (p=0.026). Conclusion: In general, positive correlations concerning quality of life and health behaviours of the respondents were observed between the Psychological domain and all categories of health behaviours (HBI). Furthermore, positive correlations were found for Overall Quality of Life and Environmental domain with most of HBI categories. In light of these findings, it should be indicated that the focus during therapies for patients with LBP aimed to improve their quality of life should be on education in the field of health behaviours.
{"title":"Quality of life and health behaviours of patients with low back pain","authors":"W. Lubkowska, Justyna Krzepota","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.22","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and health behaviours and to analyse the relationship between the quality of life and health behaviours in the group of patients with low back pain (LBP). Material and methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 52 patients with LBP (29 female and 23 male, M(age) = 48.96±15.86). The tool used for assessing the quality of life was the Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQoL-BREF, Polish version), whereas the methodological basis for investigating health behaviours was the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI). Results: The analysis revealed that the General Index of Intensity of Health Behaviours (GIIHB) was high in 30.8%, average in 40.4% and low in 28.8% of the respondents. Statistically significant positive relationships were observed between: (1) Positive Thinking (HBI) and: Overall Quality of Life (R=0.42), General Health (R=0.29), Psychological domain (R=0.46) and Environmental domain (R=0.44); (2) between Proper Nutritional Habits (HBI) and Overall Quality of Life (R=0.38), Psychological domain (R=0.28), Environmental domain (R=0.30); (3) between Health Practices (HBI) and: Overall Quality of Life (R=0.31) and Psychological domain (R=0.28); (4) between Preventive Behaviours (HBI) and two domains: Psychological domain (R=0.34) and Environmental domain (R=0.34). GIIHB for the respondents in general was a factor that significantly differentiated quality of life in Psychological domain (p=0.031) and Environmental domain (p=0.026). Conclusion: In general, positive correlations concerning quality of life and health behaviours of the respondents were observed between the Psychological domain and all categories of health behaviours (HBI). Furthermore, positive correlations were found for Overall Quality of Life and Environmental domain with most of HBI categories. In light of these findings, it should be indicated that the focus during therapies for patients with LBP aimed to improve their quality of life should be on education in the field of health behaviours.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The primary aim of the study was to determine the effect of movement games on the development of motor coordination in prepubertal non-integrated students and the correction of behavior disorders in integrated students. Material and Methods: A randomly selected sample consisted of 7to 10-year-old non-integrated and integrated students with behavior disorders attending elementary schools. To test motor coordination, Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was administered. Exercise programs that cover relatively the dominant areas of motor behavior can be an effective learning tool to be used with children. As part of our research, we have developed a model of movement games that are attractive to children. To monitor behavior of children, Vanderbilt assessment scale for the assessment of students’ behavior was administered. The NICHQ scale is available in two versions – teacher informant and parent informant. To process and evaluate collected data, we applied the following statistical methods were used: descriptive statistical characteristics, normality of data distribution – Shapiro-Wilk test, parametric paired samples t-test, or non-parametric paired samples t-test, and a test of relative frequencies. Results: Non-integrated children – development of coordination: groups of girls showed higher levels of the following motor abilities: dynamic balance, ability to connect movements, and kinesthetic-differentiation ability. The group of boys reached higher levels of rhythmic ability. Integrated students with behavior disorders: Strengths and difficulties questionnaire provided information about students in five dimensions. Highest score was recorded for hyperactivity dimension, which is deviant from normal scores. Students did not achieve normal scores in conduct problems dimension. Normal scores were observed in dimensions: peer problems and prosocial behavior. Conclusions: We may conclude that movements games had a positive effect on the behavior exhibited by prepubertal children educated under the conditions of integration.
前言:本研究的主要目的是确定运动游戏对青春期前非融合学生运动协调能力发展和融合学生行为障碍矫正的影响。材料与方法:随机抽取7 ~ 10岁的小学非整合性和整合性行为障碍学生作为样本。为了测试运动协调性，给药Körperkoordinationstest f r Kinder (KTK)。涵盖运动行为相对主要领域的运动项目可以成为儿童有效的学习工具。作为我们研究的一部分，我们开发了一个对孩子们有吸引力的动作游戏模型。采用Vanderbilt学生行为评估量表对儿童进行行为监测。NICHQ量表有两种版本-教师信息和家长信息。为了处理和评价收集到的数据，我们采用了以下统计方法:描述性统计特征，数据分布的正态性-夏皮罗-威尔克检验，参数配对样本t检验，或非参数配对样本t检验，以及相对频率检验。结果:非综合儿童协调能力的发展:女孩组在以下运动能力方面表现出较高的水平:动态平衡能力、动作连接能力和运动觉分化能力。这组男孩的节奏能力达到了更高的水平。综合行为障碍学生:优势与困难问卷从五个维度提供学生的信息。多动维度得分最高，与正常得分偏差较大。学生行为问题维度得分不正常。在同伴问题和亲社会行为两个维度上观察正常得分。结论:我们可以得出结论，动作游戏对融合条件下教育的青春期前儿童的行为表现有积极的影响。
{"title":"The development of coordination abilities in non-integrated students and correction of behavior disorders in integrated students through engaging in movement games","authors":"E. Chovanová","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The primary aim of the study was to determine the effect of movement games on the development of motor coordination in prepubertal non-integrated students and the correction of behavior disorders in integrated students. Material and Methods: A randomly selected sample consisted of 7to 10-year-old non-integrated and integrated students with behavior disorders attending elementary schools. To test motor coordination, Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was administered. Exercise programs that cover relatively the dominant areas of motor behavior can be an effective learning tool to be used with children. As part of our research, we have developed a model of movement games that are attractive to children. To monitor behavior of children, Vanderbilt assessment scale for the assessment of students’ behavior was administered. The NICHQ scale is available in two versions – teacher informant and parent informant. To process and evaluate collected data, we applied the following statistical methods were used: descriptive statistical characteristics, normality of data distribution – Shapiro-Wilk test, parametric paired samples t-test, or non-parametric paired samples t-test, and a test of relative frequencies. Results: Non-integrated children – development of coordination: groups of girls showed higher levels of the following motor abilities: dynamic balance, ability to connect movements, and kinesthetic-differentiation ability. The group of boys reached higher levels of rhythmic ability. Integrated students with behavior disorders: Strengths and difficulties questionnaire provided information about students in five dimensions. Highest score was recorded for hyperactivity dimension, which is deviant from normal scores. Students did not achieve normal scores in conduct problems dimension. Normal scores were observed in dimensions: peer problems and prosocial behavior. Conclusions: We may conclude that movements games had a positive effect on the behavior exhibited by prepubertal children educated under the conditions of integration.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical activity is of great importance for physical and mental health of the society. Both in Norway and in Poland, responsibility for actions in the field of physical activity largely rests at the lowest level of the administration structure municipal governments. The aim of this study was to determine the declared level of physical activity of surveyed groups from two different countries and factors influencing it. Focus was put on local sports and recreation infrastructure in research regions. The research process was based on diagnostic survey method, but it also involved analysis of documents, subject literature and existing statistical data. The research was carried out in local municipalities in two regions: Inner Sogn in Norway (8 municipalities) and Kalisz county in Poland (11 municipalities) and included surveys collected from in total 760 adult respondents, as well as interviews with representants of all 19 local governments who work in the field of physical activity. Results show that among respondents from Norway the physical activity level is 2 times higher than among respondents from Poland. It is also proven that Norwegians use sports and recreation infrastructure more often and they evaluate it much better than Poles. What is more, in both groups, those persons who use infrastructure have significantly higher physical activity level. A conclusion can be presented that the local governments, especially in Poland, should pay more attention to the offer of sports and recreation infrastructure, because that will make inhabitants more satisfied with it and use it more. This in consequence, will positively influence their level of physical activity. It is important to note that there are also other factors strongly influencing people’s physical activity, such as internal and external motivation and attractiveness of the area. That is why research on factors influencing physical activity needs to be continued.
{"title":"Factors influencing physical activity level of the inhabitants in Norway and Poland – the case of sports and recreation infrastructure","authors":"A. Urbaniak-Brekke, Torkjel Solbraa","doi":"10.16926/PAR.2019.07.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/PAR.2019.07.12","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is of great importance for physical and mental health of the society. Both in Norway and in Poland, responsibility for actions in the field of physical activity largely rests at the lowest level of the administration structure municipal governments. The aim of this study was to determine the declared level of physical activity of surveyed groups from two different countries and factors influencing it. Focus was put on local sports and recreation infrastructure in research regions. The research process was based on diagnostic survey method, but it also involved analysis of documents, subject literature and existing statistical data. The research was carried out in local municipalities in two regions: Inner Sogn in Norway (8 municipalities) and Kalisz county in Poland (11 municipalities) and included surveys collected from in total 760 adult respondents, as well as interviews with representants of all 19 local governments who work in the field of physical activity. Results show that among respondents from Norway the physical activity level is 2 times higher than among respondents from Poland. It is also proven that Norwegians use sports and recreation infrastructure more often and they evaluate it much better than Poles. What is more, in both groups, those persons who use infrastructure have significantly higher physical activity level. A conclusion can be presented that the local governments, especially in Poland, should pay more attention to the offer of sports and recreation infrastructure, because that will make inhabitants more satisfied with it and use it more. This in consequence, will positively influence their level of physical activity. It is important to note that there are also other factors strongly influencing people’s physical activity, such as internal and external motivation and attractiveness of the area. That is why research on factors influencing physical activity needs to be continued.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The paper presents the results of the interaction analysis between physical activity (PA), joy of movement (PACES) and areas of quality of life (SQUALA) of high school students with different levels of sport performance and different ages. These factors have wider background. Phenomenon of the subjective assessment “PACES” is stepping to the foreground. “PACES” proves high frequency of interactions with the areas of SQUALA, more than a single volume of PA. Despite of enough PA in week and high level of PACES, no expected interactions with areas of SQUALA in high school students were demonstrated. The low number of positive interactions points to the necessity of monitoring this construct, also in the relation to gender, to different sports level, type of school, region, country and age. Material and Methods: The survey was attended by 16–19 years old (n = 1302) high school students. The quality of life was examined through SQUALA questionnaire, enjoyment of physical activities by the PACES questionnaire and the level of physical activity in hours per week (PAQ) and by sport level. The data are presented by the descriptive characteristics and statistical significance of the differences, respectively the interactions were evaluated by nonparametric methods. Results: The interactions between PA, PACES and SQUALA in high school students with different sports level with different ages have been proven very sporadically. Positive correlations of PA with areas of SQUALA prevails in 18 and 19 years old students. The joy of movement correlates with spiritual well-being in groups of students who carry out the physical activities occasionally and regularly. Positive interactions of joy of movement with physical well-being have not been proven. Negative interactions between the PA, PACES and SQUALA prevails between 16 and 17 years old students. Conclusion: The higher age factor and factor of the regular movement in high school students appears to be very important in this study. The results reaffirm the importance of voluntary and organized physical activities which have potential to raise the level of the joy from the movement in life of high school students.
{"title":"The interaction of physical activity, joy of movement and quality of life of high school students at different ages","authors":"J. Broďáni, Natália Kováčová","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The paper presents the results of the interaction analysis between physical activity (PA), joy of movement (PACES) and areas of quality of life (SQUALA) of high school students with different levels of sport performance and different ages. These factors have wider background. Phenomenon of the subjective assessment “PACES” is stepping to the foreground. “PACES” proves high frequency of interactions with the areas of SQUALA, more than a single volume of PA. Despite of enough PA in week and high level of PACES, no expected interactions with areas of SQUALA in high school students were demonstrated. The low number of positive interactions points to the necessity of monitoring this construct, also in the relation to gender, to different sports level, type of school, region, country and age. Material and Methods: The survey was attended by 16–19 years old (n = 1302) high school students. The quality of life was examined through SQUALA questionnaire, enjoyment of physical activities by the PACES questionnaire and the level of physical activity in hours per week (PAQ) and by sport level. The data are presented by the descriptive characteristics and statistical significance of the differences, respectively the interactions were evaluated by nonparametric methods. Results: The interactions between PA, PACES and SQUALA in high school students with different sports level with different ages have been proven very sporadically. Positive correlations of PA with areas of SQUALA prevails in 18 and 19 years old students. The joy of movement correlates with spiritual well-being in groups of students who carry out the physical activities occasionally and regularly. Positive interactions of joy of movement with physical well-being have not been proven. Negative interactions between the PA, PACES and SQUALA prevails between 16 and 17 years old students. Conclusion: The higher age factor and factor of the regular movement in high school students appears to be very important in this study. The results reaffirm the importance of voluntary and organized physical activities which have potential to raise the level of the joy from the movement in life of high school students.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zavadska, A. Biesiedina, Tetyana B. Oleshko, A. Starchenko
Introduction: The purpose of the work was to investigate the features of the physiological component of graph-motor skills of children aged from 5 to 8 years old. Materials and methods: Pupils of the 1st and 2nd grades (6-8 years old) and preschool children (5 years old) from general and pre-school educational institutions of Sumy city took part in the research. Hygienic, psychophysical, physiological methods and methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results: The assessment of physical development showed that 52.8±1.9% of children have a harmonious development, among them boys are over (58.3±2.7%) the group of girls (46.6±2.8%). Individual analysis of anthropometric indicators allowed to allocate among the surveyed children's contingent a "risk" group which includes individuals with excess body weight or its deficit. Endogenous factors influencing the formation of graph-motor skills are determined: physiological, cognitive and personal readiness. Conclusions: Mechanisms of physiological adaptation play an important role in adaptation of the child to the new conditions of the educational process, knowledge of their peculiarities is necessary for the early detection of minimal deviations of their health and the timely application of corrective measures.
{"title":"Physiological component of graph-motor skills of children aged from 5 to 8 years old","authors":"M. Zavadska, A. Biesiedina, Tetyana B. Oleshko, A. Starchenko","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of the work was to investigate the features of the physiological component of graph-motor skills of children aged from 5 to 8 years old. Materials and methods: Pupils of the 1st and 2nd grades (6-8 years old) and preschool children (5 years old) from general and pre-school educational institutions of Sumy city took part in the research. Hygienic, psychophysical, physiological methods and methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results: The assessment of physical development showed that 52.8±1.9% of children have a harmonious development, among them boys are over (58.3±2.7%) the group of girls (46.6±2.8%). Individual analysis of anthropometric indicators allowed to allocate among the surveyed children's contingent a \"risk\" group which includes individuals with excess body weight or its deficit. Endogenous factors influencing the formation of graph-motor skills are determined: physiological, cognitive and personal readiness. Conclusions: Mechanisms of physiological adaptation play an important role in adaptation of the child to the new conditions of the educational process, knowledge of their peculiarities is necessary for the early detection of minimal deviations of their health and the timely application of corrective measures.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This work follows previous research in the field which investigated the comparison of two types of paddling. These studies, however, focused on the similarity of kayaking and trainers, more precisely ergometers, that are used by racers during their training in the winter. However, the results of these studies indicate a significant difference in muscle involvement. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to describe and to compare the muscle activation of the kayak forward stroke performed in a pool with an opposite/counter current and on flat/calm water. Material and Methods: The research was conducted via a selected sample of eight kayakers (subjects) who had attained a high level of performance in whitewater slalom. We observed the activity of twelve selected muscles used during the kayak forward stroke performed in a counterflow pool and on flat water by means of surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Study results point to effects in relation to intraindividual and subsequently inter-individual muscle timing and the size of the muscle activation due to maximal voluntary contraction. We used comparative analysis and the data were measured by surface electromyography and 2D video-analysis. Results: The results proved equal timing of muscles in a counterflow pool and on flat water. The muscle activity in the counterflow pool was bigger than on flat water. Conclusion: From our results we can recommend a pool which makes use of a counter current as a replacement training tool. Compared with other training devices which might be used (such as, crank ergometers, paddling trainers, and paddling pools), this kind of training device gives the kayaker one great advantage. It is the fact that the kayaker has the same placement of the fixed point and the preservation of the feeling of grasping water.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Kayak Forward Stroke","authors":"M. Škopek, R. Bacáková, M. Bily, Kristyna Tunkova","doi":"10.16926/PAR.2019.07.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/PAR.2019.07.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This work follows previous research in the field which investigated the comparison of two types of paddling. These studies, however, focused on the similarity of kayaking and trainers, more precisely ergometers, that are used by racers during their training in the winter. However, the results of these studies indicate a significant difference in muscle involvement. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to describe and to compare the muscle activation of the kayak forward stroke performed in a pool with an opposite/counter current and on flat/calm water. Material and Methods: The research was conducted via a selected sample of eight kayakers (subjects) who had attained a high level of performance in whitewater slalom. We observed the activity of twelve selected muscles used during the kayak forward stroke performed in a counterflow pool and on flat water by means of surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Study results point to effects in relation to intraindividual and subsequently inter-individual muscle timing and the size of the muscle activation due to maximal voluntary contraction. We used comparative analysis and the data were measured by surface electromyography and 2D video-analysis. Results: The results proved equal timing of muscles in a counterflow pool and on flat water. The muscle activity in the counterflow pool was bigger than on flat water. Conclusion: From our results we can recommend a pool which makes use of a counter current as a replacement training tool. Compared with other training devices which might be used (such as, crank ergometers, paddling trainers, and paddling pools), this kind of training device gives the kayaker one great advantage. It is the fact that the kayaker has the same placement of the fixed point and the preservation of the feeling of grasping water.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Fair Play behaviours are moral and social behaviours that can be acquire from students throughout PE class. The main aim of this study was to translate and validate into Albanian language the questionnaire that measures and evaluate pro-social and antisocial behaviours in PE class. Material and methods: The process of validity was based in three steps: 1) Translation and Back Translation the questionnaire was translated from experts of the field who were proficient in English language, and the process of back translation was done from experts of Albanian and English language. 2) Factor Analysis 597 middle school students from Tirana, Albania, were involved, from which a simple size of 280 students (mean age=13.22±1.22 yr) was used to perform the EFA, and reliability, reporting the CA coefficient. For the CFA a sample size of 317 students (mean age=14.32±7.3 yr) was used. 3) Test-Retest Validitythe questionnaire was submitted to the same students as EFA in two times with an interval of 3 weeks between them. Results: Regarding Factor Analysis the KMO> than 0.5 and Bartlett's Test < 0.01 (KMO-0.820, χ2=1153.330; p=0.000), have indicated that the EFA could be performed. EFA has revealed that there were four factors, two for pro-social and two for antisocial. The CA coefficient for the four factors was: respect conventions (α=0.683), respect towards teammates (α=0.616), cheating (α=0.765) and gamesmanship (α=0.742). The CFA has indicated a good model fit (χ2=196.68, df=84, p=0.000, RMSEA = 0.065, SRMR = 0.056 and CFI=0.92). Regarding test-retest validity there were no significant differences between test and retest measures, when test (M=44.26±5.13) and retest (M=44.09±5.76) conditions; t(279)=0.52 (p=0.600). Conclusions: According to the results of our study, the questionnaire has shown reliability on measuring pro-social and antisocial behaviours in PE class. Therefore, the questionnaire can be used as an effective tool to help Albanian PE teachers and sports educators to understand the social and educational values dealing with sport in Albanian schools.
{"title":"Pro-social and antisocial values in physical education.The validity and reliability of fair play questionnaire in physical education (FPQ-PE) into Albanian language","authors":"Eridiola Buzi, J. Jarani, E. Isidori","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fair Play behaviours are moral and social behaviours that can be acquire from students throughout PE class. The main aim of this study was to translate and validate into Albanian language the questionnaire that measures and evaluate pro-social and antisocial behaviours in PE class. Material and methods: The process of validity was based in three steps: 1) Translation and Back Translation the questionnaire was translated from experts of the field who were proficient in English language, and the process of back translation was done from experts of Albanian and English language. 2) Factor Analysis 597 middle school students from Tirana, Albania, were involved, from which a simple size of 280 students (mean age=13.22±1.22 yr) was used to perform the EFA, and reliability, reporting the CA coefficient. For the CFA a sample size of 317 students (mean age=14.32±7.3 yr) was used. 3) Test-Retest Validitythe questionnaire was submitted to the same students as EFA in two times with an interval of 3 weeks between them. Results: Regarding Factor Analysis the KMO> than 0.5 and Bartlett's Test < 0.01 (KMO-0.820, χ2=1153.330; p=0.000), have indicated that the EFA could be performed. EFA has revealed that there were four factors, two for pro-social and two for antisocial. The CA coefficient for the four factors was: respect conventions (α=0.683), respect towards teammates (α=0.616), cheating (α=0.765) and gamesmanship (α=0.742). The CFA has indicated a good model fit (χ2=196.68, df=84, p=0.000, RMSEA = 0.065, SRMR = 0.056 and CFI=0.92). Regarding test-retest validity there were no significant differences between test and retest measures, when test (M=44.26±5.13) and retest (M=44.09±5.76) conditions; t(279)=0.52 (p=0.600). Conclusions: According to the results of our study, the questionnaire has shown reliability on measuring pro-social and antisocial behaviours in PE class. Therefore, the questionnaire can be used as an effective tool to help Albanian PE teachers and sports educators to understand the social and educational values dealing with sport in Albanian schools.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kanásová, N. Czaková, L. Divinec, A. Veis, Maria Solvesterova
Introduction: The research was aimed at obtaining and extending the findings of the functional state of musculoskeletal system of the research sample of volleyball players, and also the possibilities of influencing the balance exercises in the sports training of athletes. Material and Methods: The research sample consisted of 12 volleyball players (girls) from the Stara Lubovna Volleyball Club. The first measurement was carried out in September 2015. The average decimal age of the volleyball players was 15.76±0.88 years. In the final measurement, which was made after three months in January 2016 and after the application of a targeted program of balance exercises, the average decimal age of the group was 16.09±0.88 years. Results: The initial measurement of the players found a high percentage of functional muscle disorders and the most risky muscles and muscle groups that tend to shorten and weaken in the analyzed subjects. Based on the above, a targeted compensation program of balancing exercises was developed. A significant decrease of the incidence of measured functional muscle disorders to p<0.01 of shortened flexors of the knee, musculus rectus femoris, of weakened abductors of hip joint, deep neck flexors, lower fixators of spatulas and broken motor stereotypes one leg stand and push up was observed after the inclusion of experimental factor into the training plans actively for a three-month period. We noted a decrease in shortened musculus triceps surae, musculus quadratus lumborum a musculus iliopsoas, of weakened abdominal muscles and of sitting down stereotype on the significance level of p<0.05. Conclusion: Significant conclusions may be drawn from the acquired statistical data: the inclusion of appropriate and regular balance exercises in the training process of young athletes has a positive impact on reducing or eliminating muscle functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system in its individual components shortened muscles, weakened muscles and impaired movement patterns.
{"title":"Impact of balance exercises on the elimination of functional muscular disorders in volleyball players","authors":"J. Kanásová, N. Czaková, L. Divinec, A. Veis, Maria Solvesterova","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The research was aimed at obtaining and extending the findings of the functional state of musculoskeletal system of the research sample of volleyball players, and also the possibilities of influencing the balance exercises in the sports training of athletes. Material and Methods: The research sample consisted of 12 volleyball players (girls) from the Stara Lubovna Volleyball Club. The first measurement was carried out in September 2015. The average decimal age of the volleyball players was 15.76±0.88 years. In the final measurement, which was made after three months in January 2016 and after the application of a targeted program of balance exercises, the average decimal age of the group was 16.09±0.88 years. Results: The initial measurement of the players found a high percentage of functional muscle disorders and the most risky muscles and muscle groups that tend to shorten and weaken in the analyzed subjects. Based on the above, a targeted compensation program of balancing exercises was developed. A significant decrease of the incidence of measured functional muscle disorders to p<0.01 of shortened flexors of the knee, musculus rectus femoris, of weakened abductors of hip joint, deep neck flexors, lower fixators of spatulas and broken motor stereotypes one leg stand and push up was observed after the inclusion of experimental factor into the training plans actively for a three-month period. We noted a decrease in shortened musculus triceps surae, musculus quadratus lumborum a musculus iliopsoas, of weakened abdominal muscles and of sitting down stereotype on the significance level of p<0.05. Conclusion: Significant conclusions may be drawn from the acquired statistical data: the inclusion of appropriate and regular balance exercises in the training process of young athletes has a positive impact on reducing or eliminating muscle functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system in its individual components shortened muscles, weakened muscles and impaired movement patterns.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Buková, M. Hagovska, Dana Dračková, Agata Horbacz, J. Wąsik, Ladislav Kručanica
Introduction. This study aims to determine the level of awareness and meeting recommendations regarding their physical activity in the selected disease risk groups in eastern Slovakia. Methods. The study comprised 893 participating patients (353 males and 540 females). The basic condition to fulfil for participating in the research was the occurrence of one or more diagnoses out of three underlying chronic diseases that do not prevent PA. For data collection, we used a nonstandardized questionnaire which was part of the questionnaire battery explicitly designed for this research. This study presents a selection of questions focusing on patients awareness concerning PA. Results. Within all three groups of chronic diseases, the patients acknowledged that they obtained only general information on the importance of PA in the treatment of their conditions. The patients received information on physical activity in their neighbourhood predominantly from the media and further on from the family members and acquaintances or their doctors or medical staff. The difference between the particular disease groups in terms of the acquired information is minimal. Statistically significant relation between the doctors recommendations and minimum requirements for the treatment of disease was only found in the group of oncology patients. Conclusion. Regular physical activity represents essential advantages for the health of patients suffering from chronic diseases. With this in mind, the doctor, being a trustworthy person to the patient, should be able to inform the patients on the frequency, intensity and the most suitable PA concerning their diagnosis and severity of their medical condition.
{"title":"Awareness of patients suffering from selected chronic diseases of the importance of physical activity in treating their disorders","authors":"A. Buková, M. Hagovska, Dana Dračková, Agata Horbacz, J. Wąsik, Ladislav Kručanica","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This study aims to determine the level of awareness and meeting recommendations regarding their physical activity in the selected disease risk groups in eastern Slovakia. Methods. The study comprised 893 participating patients (353 males and 540 females). The basic condition to fulfil for participating in the research was the occurrence of one or more diagnoses out of three underlying chronic diseases that do not prevent PA. For data collection, we used a nonstandardized questionnaire which was part of the questionnaire battery explicitly designed for this research. This study presents a selection of questions focusing on patients awareness concerning PA. Results. Within all three groups of chronic diseases, the patients acknowledged that they obtained only general information on the importance of PA in the treatment of their conditions. The patients received information on physical activity in their neighbourhood predominantly from the media and further on from the family members and acquaintances or their doctors or medical staff. The difference between the particular disease groups in terms of the acquired information is minimal. Statistically significant relation between the doctors recommendations and minimum requirements for the treatment of disease was only found in the group of oncology patients. Conclusion. Regular physical activity represents essential advantages for the health of patients suffering from chronic diseases. With this in mind, the doctor, being a trustworthy person to the patient, should be able to inform the patients on the frequency, intensity and the most suitable PA concerning their diagnosis and severity of their medical condition.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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