Introduction: Tracking motion activities through pedometer applications is one of the methods often mentioned for getting information about motion programs and for promoting a healthy lifestyle among adolescents. Similar problems are also addressed in the region of Northwestern Bohemia which is affected by certain structural characteristics. Aim of Study: This study strives to establish indicators of participation in physical activities among students in the second level of primary school (junior high school) and to evaluate them based on recommended criteria as well as from the point of view of the conclusions reached by other studies. Material and Methods: Physical activity was monitored concurrently and objectively by the Yamax SW-700 pedometer for seven consecutive days. Pedometers have proven themselves in a number of studies and are particularly suitable for assessing locomotive movement activities. Identification and recording sheets were used for the registration of the 358 boys and 330 girls from the second level of primary school (junior high school) in the Ústí nad Labem region who went through our survey. Pedometers were used during a period of favorable weather conditions and in the course of normal school attendance. Results: Groups of boys report different values throughout the second level of primary school (junior high school), where the average values of steps during weekdays is higher than 10,000 steps (Mmin=10,111; Mmax=10,961), which is the recommended number of steps, while the weekends record a decrease of values of steps to a number which is less than average (Mmin=8,547; Mmax=9,761). In regard to the results of the girls, the number of daily steps is lower than in the boys’ groups (Mmin=9,247; Mmax=10,598). Girls results show the lowest values of steps during the weekend. Conclusion: Boys achieve higher daily values than girls in all tracked pointers. The values of steps that are typical for weekdays are significantly higher than those typical for weekend days. The lowest levels are the median values characterizing the steps taken during the weekend days for boys and girls.
简介:通过计步器应用程序跟踪运动活动是一种经常被提及的获取运动项目信息和促进青少年健康生活方式的方法。受到某些结构特征影响的西北波西米亚地区也处理了类似的问题。研究目的:本研究旨在建立小学二年级(初中)学生参与体育活动的指标，并根据推荐标准和其他研究结论对这些指标进行评价。材料与方法:用Yamax SW-700计步器连续7天同时客观监测身体活动。计步器已经在许多研究中证明了自己，特别适合评估机车运动活动。我们使用身份证明和记录表对参与我们调查的Ústí nad Labem地区小学二年级(初中)的358名男生和330名女生进行了登记。计步器在天气条件良好的时期和正常上学的过程中使用。结果:男生组在整个小学二年级(初中)均报告不同的数值，其中工作日步数平均值均高于10000步(Mmin= 10111;Mmax=10,961)，这是建议的步数，而周末记录的步数减少到一个小于平均值的数字(Mmin=8,547;Mmax = 9761)。就结果而言，女孩组的每日步数低于男孩组(Mmin=9,247;Mmax = 10598)。女孩的结果显示，周末的步数最低。结论:在所有跟踪指标中，男孩的每日价值高于女孩。工作日的典型步数明显高于周末的典型步数。最低水平是男孩和女孩在周末采取的步骤的中位数。
{"title":"Determining Differences among Genders and Days of the Week in Adolescent Physical Activity Levels Using Pedometers in Northwestern Bohemia","authors":"L. Bláha, D. Cihlar","doi":"10.16926/PAR.2019.07.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/PAR.2019.07.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tracking motion activities through pedometer applications is one of the methods often mentioned for getting information about motion programs and for promoting a healthy lifestyle among adolescents. Similar problems are also addressed in the region of Northwestern Bohemia which is affected by certain structural characteristics. Aim of Study: This study strives to establish indicators of participation in physical activities among students in the second level of primary school (junior high school) and to evaluate them based on recommended criteria as well as from the point of view of the conclusions reached by other studies. Material and Methods: Physical activity was monitored concurrently and objectively by the Yamax SW-700 pedometer for seven consecutive days. Pedometers have proven themselves in a number of studies and are particularly suitable for assessing locomotive movement activities. Identification and recording sheets were used for the registration of the 358 boys and 330 girls from the second level of primary school (junior high school) in the Ústí nad Labem region who went through our survey. Pedometers were used during a period of favorable weather conditions and in the course of normal school attendance. Results: Groups of boys report different values throughout the second level of primary school (junior high school), where the average values of steps during weekdays is higher than 10,000 steps (Mmin=10,111; Mmax=10,961), which is the recommended number of steps, while the weekends record a decrease of values of steps to a number which is less than average (Mmin=8,547; Mmax=9,761). In regard to the results of the girls, the number of daily steps is lower than in the boys’ groups (Mmin=9,247; Mmax=10,598). Girls results show the lowest values of steps during the weekend. Conclusion: Boys achieve higher daily values than girls in all tracked pointers. The values of steps that are typical for weekdays are significantly higher than those typical for weekend days. The lowest levels are the median values characterizing the steps taken during the weekend days for boys and girls.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Since ancient times, scholars points out effectiveness of horseback riding not only for utilitarian use, but also as form of therapy for less healthy part of society. Enlightenment age scholars started to make treaties about use of such therapy and this trend is now developing not only for physical disabilities, but also for mentally ill patients. The purpose of this study is to determine trends of interest in horseback riding therapy interventions among different groups of neurocognitive disorders among different populations of people and its comparison to prevalence of such disorders. Material and methods: Web of Science, Pubmed and Scopus databased were screened using filter with algorithm of “horseback therapy” , “horse back therapy”, ”hippotherapy” and “equine therapy”. Results were screened for appropriateness and relevance, then based on this end-filtering, papers were grouped regarding specificity of neurocognitive aspect of disorders. Results: 595 entries in Web of Science, 516 entries in Scopus and 123 results in Pubmed. Overall, 272 entries were subtracted. Conclusions: This analysis shows that most interest in such kind of therapy is focused on neurological disorders, especially with ones with cerebral palsy. There is no correlation between prevalence of selected disorders and amount of related papers.
导言:自古以来，学者们就指出骑马的有效性不仅是出于功利目的，而且也是对社会中不太健康的部分的一种治疗方式。启蒙时代的学者们开始制定关于使用这种疗法的条约，现在这种趋势不仅适用于身体残疾，也适用于精神疾病患者。本研究的目的是确定不同人群中不同神经认知障碍组对骑马治疗干预的兴趣趋势，并将其与此类疾病的患病率进行比较。材料与方法:对Web of Science、Pubmed和Scopus数据库进行筛选，算法为“骑马疗法”、“马背疗法”、“hippotherapy”和“马疗法”。筛选结果的适当性和相关性，然后基于这种最终过滤，论文分组关于神经认知方面的障碍的特异性。结果:Web of Science检索595条，Scopus检索516条，Pubmed检索123条。总共有272项被删减。结论:这一分析表明，对这种治疗最感兴趣的是神经系统疾病，特别是脑瘫患者。所选疾病的患病率与相关论文的数量之间没有相关性。
{"title":"Degree of interest in horse-back riding therapy interventions for patients with neurocognitive disorders: a quantitative analysis of literature in online scientific databases","authors":"R. Urban","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Since ancient times, scholars points out effectiveness of horseback riding not only for utilitarian use, but also as form of therapy for less healthy part of society. Enlightenment age scholars started to make treaties about use of such therapy and this trend is now developing not only for physical disabilities, but also for mentally ill patients. The purpose of this study is to determine trends of interest in horseback riding therapy interventions among different groups of neurocognitive disorders among different populations of people and its comparison to prevalence of such disorders. Material and methods: Web of Science, Pubmed and Scopus databased were screened using filter with algorithm of “horseback therapy” , “horse back therapy”, ”hippotherapy” and “equine therapy”. Results were screened for appropriateness and relevance, then based on this end-filtering, papers were grouped regarding specificity of neurocognitive aspect of disorders. Results: 595 entries in Web of Science, 516 entries in Scopus and 123 results in Pubmed. Overall, 272 entries were subtracted. Conclusions: This analysis shows that most interest in such kind of therapy is focused on neurological disorders, especially with ones with cerebral palsy. There is no correlation between prevalence of selected disorders and amount of related papers.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to expand knowledge in meaningfulness of life of athlete and non-athlete college students at universities in Bratislava and identify differences in its dimensions: affective, motivation and cognitive. The research sample comprised of 198 undergraduates (males: n=90, 20.68±1.56 years of age; female: n=108, 20.74±1.16 years of age). The respondents were divided into 2 groups according to their sports activities: college students who do not take active part in any sports activities (non-athlete respondents), and college students who are engaged regularly (at least twice a week) in sport activities. The questionnaire The Scale of Life Meaningfulness was used as a research tool. The results revealed significant differences in total score of meaningfulness of life by male (U=383.0, p=0.001, r=0.52) and also female (U=687.5, p=0.001, r=0.45). According to three-component model we have found out the significant differences between athlete and non-athlete college students in affective dimension (male: p=0.025, female: p=0.007) and motivation dimension (male: p=0.001, female: p=0.001). There were no significant differences in cognitive dimension (male: p=0.062, female: p=0.127). According to our results which testified the fact that sport activity is one of the determinants for increased meaningfulness of life of undergraduates.
{"title":"Three component model of meaningfulness of life of male and female university students regarding their sport activity","authors":"Pavel Šmela, P. Pačesová, Stanislav Kraček","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.21","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to expand knowledge in meaningfulness of life of athlete and non-athlete college students at universities in Bratislava and identify differences in its dimensions: affective, motivation and cognitive. The research sample comprised of 198 undergraduates (males: n=90, 20.68±1.56 years of age; female: n=108, 20.74±1.16 years of age). The respondents were divided into 2 groups according to their sports activities: college students who do not take active part in any sports activities (non-athlete respondents), and college students who are engaged regularly (at least twice a week) in sport activities. The questionnaire The Scale of Life Meaningfulness was used as a research tool. The results revealed significant differences in total score of meaningfulness of life by male (U=383.0, p=0.001, r=0.52) and also female (U=687.5, p=0.001, r=0.45). According to three-component model we have found out the significant differences between athlete and non-athlete college students in affective dimension (male: p=0.025, female: p=0.007) and motivation dimension (male: p=0.001, female: p=0.001). There were no significant differences in cognitive dimension (male: p=0.062, female: p=0.127). According to our results which testified the fact that sport activity is one of the determinants for increased meaningfulness of life of undergraduates.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hnízdil, M. Škopek, M. Nosek, O. Louka, M. Musálek, J. Heller
Introduction: The Conconi Test (CT) is an incremental exercise test characterized by stages of equal intensity. For analysis speed (S) and HR (heart rate) are used. The deflection point of the HR/S graph marks the point where the linear relation between S and HR changes to a curvilinear one. As Conconi stated HR at deflection point represents anaerobic threshold (AT) value. Purpose of this study was to extend our previous research dealing with reliability and validity aspects of CT. Material and Methods: During 10 years (2007–2017) we tested 2 500 subjects using Conconi protocol. Tested were mainly football players and smaller number of runners (long distance and cross country) different ages and fitness level. Some subjects were tested repeatedly during the years. Initial speed of the running treadmill test was determined in the range of 10 to 12 km·h-1, according subjects age and fitness level. Speed was increased gradually every 150 m of 0.5 km·h-1 to the maximum speed when further increases were impossible. HR was recorded at every 150 meters. From a graphical representation dependence HR on increasing running speed we tried to find apparent diversion from the curve of linearity, labeled by Conconi as "deflection point" (DP). Simultaneously respiration values were recorded. From these respiration data we determined the ventilatory threshold (VT2) as a metabolic marker of the onset of blood lactate accumulation. Results: We found 6 types of response HR to increasing speed. a) regular DP; b) linear regression r ≥ 0.98 – no DP; c) linear regression r < 0.98 – no DP; d) inversion character of deflection point; e) DP not corresponding with value of ANP; f) more than one DP. As an AT predictor compared with VT2, Conconi test overestimated this value (0.5 km·h-1). Conclusion: Using of Conconi test as a predictor of ANP has a limitation. ANP values determined by CT are overestimated (0.5 km·h-1). Test stability of CT is very low and there is evidence that DP is not 100% repeated physiology phenomena.
{"title":"The Conconi Test – Searching for the Deflection Point","authors":"J. Hnízdil, M. Škopek, M. Nosek, O. Louka, M. Musálek, J. Heller","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Conconi Test (CT) is an incremental exercise test characterized by stages of equal intensity. For analysis speed (S) and HR (heart rate) are used. The deflection point of the HR/S graph marks the point where the linear relation between S and HR changes to a curvilinear one. As Conconi stated HR at deflection point represents anaerobic threshold (AT) value. Purpose of this study was to extend our previous research dealing with reliability and validity aspects of CT. Material and Methods: During 10 years (2007–2017) we tested 2 500 subjects using Conconi protocol. Tested were mainly football players and smaller number of runners (long distance and cross country) different ages and fitness level. Some subjects were tested repeatedly during the years. Initial speed of the running treadmill test was determined in the range of 10 to 12 km·h-1, according subjects age and fitness level. Speed was increased gradually every 150 m of 0.5 km·h-1 to the maximum speed when further increases were impossible. HR was recorded at every 150 meters. From a graphical representation dependence HR on increasing running speed we tried to find apparent diversion from the curve of linearity, labeled by Conconi as \"deflection point\" (DP). Simultaneously respiration values were recorded. From these respiration data we determined the ventilatory threshold (VT2) as a metabolic marker of the onset of blood lactate accumulation. Results: We found 6 types of response HR to increasing speed. a) regular DP; b) linear regression r ≥ 0.98 – no DP; c) linear regression r < 0.98 – no DP; d) inversion character of deflection point; e) DP not corresponding with value of ANP; f) more than one DP. As an AT predictor compared with VT2, Conconi test overestimated this value (0.5 km·h-1). Conclusion: Using of Conconi test as a predictor of ANP has a limitation. ANP values determined by CT are overestimated (0.5 km·h-1). Test stability of CT is very low and there is evidence that DP is not 100% repeated physiology phenomena.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: One from the important preconditions for optimal performance of all physical activities is a good quality of balance. Aim of Study: The study is focusing to find out the effect of pressure distribution beneath the foot on the balance and to compare the quality of balance in physically active and inactive young women. Material and Methods: Subjects of our study were two groups of healthy young women. A: physically active women (n=28; age 21.5 years; physical activity 8.8 hour/week), B: physically inactive (n=28; age 22,0 years; physical activity 1.3 hour/week). Three balance test we carried out: double-leg stance, eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) for 30 second, one-leg stance (right, left) for 10 second. Pressure walkway (FDM system, fi. Zebris) was used for data collection. Parameters: COPv: velocity of centre of pressure (mm/s), relative value of average pressure beneath the foot (%). Results: We found out that a physically active group of young women have significantly better results in all tests (p≤0.05). Both groups showed a similar tendency for significant deterioration of the results when elimination the support surface or the visual sensor in relation to the basic OE test. The differences in the distribution of pressures between the groups were significant in the M-L directions. Inactive women significantly more loaded the non-preferred leg and the rear part of the foot. Active women showed a more balanced stance in both directions, with a slight tendency to increase the loading on the front part of foot. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the group B has a partly worse characteristics of balance than physically active peers. The foot load strategy was less favourable for the group B; during EO. Only two interesting correlations were found in active women; between COPv and ratio of feet load. Remaining correlations to COPv were low.
{"title":"Quality of balance and pressure distribution beneath the foot during double-leg stance in young women","authors":"Pavel Korvas","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.09","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One from the important preconditions for optimal performance of all physical activities is a good quality of balance. Aim of Study: The study is focusing to find out the effect of pressure distribution beneath the foot on the balance and to compare the quality of balance in physically active and inactive young women. Material and Methods: Subjects of our study were two groups of healthy young women. A: physically active women (n=28; age 21.5 years; physical activity 8.8 hour/week), B: physically inactive (n=28; age 22,0 years; physical activity 1.3 hour/week). Three balance test we carried out: double-leg stance, eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) for 30 second, one-leg stance (right, left) for 10 second. Pressure walkway (FDM system, fi. Zebris) was used for data collection. Parameters: COPv: velocity of centre of pressure (mm/s), relative value of average pressure beneath the foot (%). Results: We found out that a physically active group of young women have significantly better results in all tests (p≤0.05). Both groups showed a similar tendency for significant deterioration of the results when elimination the support surface or the visual sensor in relation to the basic OE test. The differences in the distribution of pressures between the groups were significant in the M-L directions. Inactive women significantly more loaded the non-preferred leg and the rear part of the foot. Active women showed a more balanced stance in both directions, with a slight tendency to increase the loading on the front part of foot. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the group B has a partly worse characteristics of balance than physically active peers. The foot load strategy was less favourable for the group B; during EO. Only two interesting correlations were found in active women; between COPv and ratio of feet load. Remaining correlations to COPv were low.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: A tennis player has a very limited time to hit an incoming ball; however, the ball delivery time is affected by playing on different surfaces. Consequently, the playing surface can affect also other match characteristics as players can reach more incoming balls or can move on the court with different intensity (cover more distance). Aim of Study: The aim is to analyze the rally pace characteristics and the frequency of rally shots in men’s matches in the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in 2017. Material and Methods: We analyzed 24 male matches in the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in 2017. Analysis of variance including post-hoc tests and Cohen d were used to compare the point duration, number of rally shots, time between the points, rally pace and work to rest ratio among these tournaments. Results: The rally pace (mean ball flight time between the opponents) was the fastest in the Australian Open (1.22 s) and was significantly faster (p=0.003) compared to the French Open (1.35 s). The rally pace in the Wimbledon reached 1.27 s and Cohen d showed large effect between the rally pace in the Wimbledon and French Open or moderate effect between the Australian Open and Wimbledon. There were other differences among the tournaments, but the lowest number of rally shots (4.07), point duration (5.30 s) and time between points (18.82 s) was reached in the Wimbledon. More than 50 % of all points were finished within the first four shots (most in the Wimbledon – 66%). Conclusion: These findings show and endorse the impact of surface differences on the game performance in professional tennis and can be used to shape specific training sessions on different surfaces.
{"title":"Match Characteristics and Rally Pace of Male Tennis Matches in Three Grand Slam Tournaments","authors":"J. Carboch, J. Šiman, M. Sklenarik, Matej Blau","doi":"10.16926/PAR.2019.07.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/PAR.2019.07.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A tennis player has a very limited time to hit an incoming ball; however, the ball delivery time is affected by playing on different surfaces. Consequently, the playing surface can affect also other match characteristics as players can reach more incoming balls or can move on the court with different intensity (cover more distance). Aim of Study: The aim is to analyze the rally pace characteristics and the frequency of rally shots in men’s matches in the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in 2017. Material and Methods: We analyzed 24 male matches in the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon in 2017. Analysis of variance including post-hoc tests and Cohen d were used to compare the point duration, number of rally shots, time between the points, rally pace and work to rest ratio among these tournaments. Results: The rally pace (mean ball flight time between the opponents) was the fastest in the Australian Open (1.22 s) and was significantly faster (p=0.003) compared to the French Open (1.35 s). The rally pace in the Wimbledon reached 1.27 s and Cohen d showed large effect between the rally pace in the Wimbledon and French Open or moderate effect between the Australian Open and Wimbledon. There were other differences among the tournaments, but the lowest number of rally shots (4.07), point duration (5.30 s) and time between points (18.82 s) was reached in the Wimbledon. More than 50 % of all points were finished within the first four shots (most in the Wimbledon – 66%). Conclusion: These findings show and endorse the impact of surface differences on the game performance in professional tennis and can be used to shape specific training sessions on different surfaces.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in students’ viewing in the second stage of elementary schools for the deaf or hard of hearing in physical education classes with other studies. In this study participated 86 students who are deaf or hard of hearing (56 boys and 30 girls; an average age of 14.3 ± 1.4 years). The one-sample and two-sample t-test were used to compare result of our study with results of the populations’ studies in the Czech Republic and at Slovakia. All tests were performed at a level of α = .05. In the Importance and Demandingness indicator, statistical significance was confirmed. Students in our study considered physical education to be more important (2.02 ± 0.96, t = –2.777; p = 0.007) and demanding (3.23 ± 0.98, t = –3.009; p = 0.003) than students from Czech and Slovak general schools. In comparison of our study with the results of students from Czech general schools, the mean value was lower in the Popularity indicator and Czech students from general schools considered physical education to be more popular than our students. In comparison of small scopes study, statistically significant differences were found, where students in our study view physical education as more demanding (3.23 ± 0.98, t = –2.605; p = 0.010) compared to Slovak students with sensory disabilities. We can conclude that there is a trend where students who are deaf or hard of hearing view physical education as more important and demanding than students from general schools in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In addition, Czech students who are deaf or hard of hearing view physical education as more demanding compared to Slovak students with sensory disabilities.
{"title":"Comparison of differences students’ viewing in the Czech elementary schools for the deaf in physical education classes with other studies","authors":"Petra Kurková","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.20","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in students’ viewing in the second stage of elementary schools for the deaf or hard of hearing in physical education classes with other studies. In this study participated 86 students who are deaf or hard of hearing (56 boys and 30 girls; an average age of 14.3 ± 1.4 years). The one-sample and two-sample t-test were used to compare result of our study with results of the populations’ studies in the Czech Republic and at Slovakia. All tests were performed at a level of α = .05. In the Importance and Demandingness indicator, statistical significance was confirmed. Students in our study considered physical education to be more important (2.02 ± 0.96, t = –2.777; p = 0.007) and demanding (3.23 ± 0.98, t = –3.009; p = 0.003) than students from Czech and Slovak general schools. In comparison of our study with the results of students from Czech general schools, the mean value was lower in the Popularity indicator and Czech students from general schools considered physical education to be more popular than our students. In comparison of small scopes study, statistically significant differences were found, where students in our study view physical education as more demanding (3.23 ± 0.98, t = –2.605; p = 0.010) compared to Slovak students with sensory disabilities. We can conclude that there is a trend where students who are deaf or hard of hearing view physical education as more important and demanding than students from general schools in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In addition, Czech students who are deaf or hard of hearing view physical education as more demanding compared to Slovak students with sensory disabilities.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research carried out was to establish the direction, and scope of the changes in internal, and external load indicator values in cyclists, men, and women, in high-altitude hypoxia conditions. The participants of the study were mountain bike cyclists, members of Russian and Polish Nationals Teams (women n=11, men n=9). They have done the graded incremental exercise test at the altitude of 170 m (Lonato del Garda, Italy) and 2250 m (Livignio-Trepale Italy). In the course of effort VO2, VE, VCO2 was measured by means of K4b2 analyser (Cosmed Italy). Effort intensity was determined at ventilators thresholds VT1 (AT), and VT2. Internal and external load indicators undergo changes during physical effort in cyclists under the influence of high altitude hypoxia. In groups of men and women, the changes in indicator values reach VE: 9% and 12%, HR: 0,5% and 15, O2HR: 7% and 15%, VO2: 14% and 20% respectively, as well as a decrease in 5 and 4% of the generated power, respectively. A decrease in the generated power by 5%, higher ventilation, amounting to 10%, a higher VO2max, amounting to 17% in hypoxic conditions, in comparison with the conditions similar to those at sea level, show that it is necessary to modify training loads.
本研究的目的是确定骑行者(男性和女性)在高海拔缺氧条件下内外负荷指标值变化的方向和范围。该研究的参与者是山地自行车手，俄罗斯和波兰国家队的成员(女性n=11，男性n=9)。分别在海拔170米(意大利Lonato del Garda)和2250米(意大利Livignio-Trepale)进行了分级增量运动试验。在工作过程中，通过K4b2分析仪(Cosmed意大利)测量了VO2, VE, VCO2。在呼吸机阈值VT1 (at)和VT2时测定用力强度。在高原缺氧的影响下，骑行者体力活动过程中内外负荷指标发生变化。在男性和女性组中，指标值的变化分别达到VE: 9%和12%，HR: 0,5%和15%，O2HR: 7%和15%，VO2: 14%和20%，发电量分别下降5%和4%。与与海平面相似的条件相比，在缺氧条件下，产生的功率减少5%，更高的通风，达10%，更高的VO2max，达17%，表明有必要改变训练负荷。
{"title":"The direction of the changes of rates of the internal and external training load under the influence of high-altitude hypoxia on mountain bikers","authors":"T. Gabryś, U. Szmatlan-Gabryś, A. Stanula","doi":"10.16926/PAR.2019.07.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/PAR.2019.07.05","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research carried out was to establish the direction, and scope of the changes in internal, and external load indicator values in cyclists, men, and women, in high-altitude hypoxia conditions. The participants of the study were mountain bike cyclists, members of Russian and Polish Nationals Teams (women n=11, men n=9). They have done the graded incremental exercise test at the altitude of 170 m (Lonato del Garda, Italy) and 2250 m (Livignio-Trepale Italy). In the course of effort VO2, VE, VCO2 was measured by means of K4b2 analyser (Cosmed Italy). Effort intensity was determined at ventilators thresholds VT1 (AT), and VT2. Internal and external load indicators undergo changes during physical effort in cyclists under the influence of high altitude hypoxia. In groups of men and women, the changes in indicator values reach VE: 9% and 12%, HR: 0,5% and 15, O2HR: 7% and 15%, VO2: 14% and 20% respectively, as well as a decrease in 5 and 4% of the generated power, respectively. A decrease in the generated power by 5%, higher ventilation, amounting to 10%, a higher VO2max, amounting to 17% in hypoxic conditions, in comparison with the conditions similar to those at sea level, show that it is necessary to modify training loads.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problem and Aim: The current article is an attempt to summarize the experiences gained from two foreign conferences, the 50th Japanese Academy of Budo Conference and the 2nd International Budo Conference at the Centenary Memorial Hall on Kansai University, which were recognized simultaneously as the VI International IMACSSS Conference, and the accompanying events, as well as 8th International Scientific Congress “Sport, People and Health”, organized by, among others, P.F. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health and the International Sambo Federation. The third of these scientific events was the 6th International Taekwondo Symposium for Taekwondo Studies, which was held in Muju, South Korea. Materials and Method: Due to the multidisciplinary approach nature of the conferences, content analysis of literature and extensive discourse analysis as well as the participant observation were used. Three case studies are also provided. Results and Conclusions: The indicated trips and scientific events offal within martial arts tourism, which is at the same time a journey for scientific study and exchange of knowledge related to martial arts research. It is therefore connected with scientific tourism as well as with congress and educational tourism. The described scientific events are relevant for research on martial arts tourism and for describing the process of institutionalizing the scientific research of martial arts and the recent history of the institutions in this area.
{"title":"Three Trips in One Plane: Martial Arts and Combat Sports Conferences in Muju, Osaka, and St. Petersburg","authors":"Krzysztof Kubala, W. Cynarski, P. Świder","doi":"10.16926/PAR.2019.07.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/PAR.2019.07.14","url":null,"abstract":"Problem and Aim: The current article is an attempt to summarize the experiences gained from two foreign conferences, the 50th Japanese Academy of Budo Conference and the 2nd International Budo Conference at the Centenary Memorial Hall on Kansai University, which were recognized simultaneously as the VI International IMACSSS Conference, and the accompanying events, as well as 8th International Scientific Congress “Sport, People and Health”, organized by, among others, P.F. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health and the International Sambo Federation. The third of these scientific events was the 6th International Taekwondo Symposium for Taekwondo Studies, which was held in Muju, South Korea. Materials and Method: Due to the multidisciplinary approach nature of the conferences, content analysis of literature and extensive discourse analysis as well as the participant observation were used. Three case studies are also provided. Results and Conclusions: The indicated trips and scientific events offal within martial arts tourism, which is at the same time a journey for scientific study and exchange of knowledge related to martial arts research. It is therefore connected with scientific tourism as well as with congress and educational tourism. The described scientific events are relevant for research on martial arts tourism and for describing the process of institutionalizing the scientific research of martial arts and the recent history of the institutions in this area.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ten new Taekwondo poomsae (forms) were introduced for competition (including the then-named poomsae Himchari, Saebyeol, Bigak, and Nareusya) prior to their inclusion in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia. To determine general satisfaction of the current poomsae competition rules, field of play, official poomsae, and new poomsae, a survey of Asia Taekwondo Union poomsae competitors (n=91), coaches (n=33), and referees (n=100) was conducted. A total of 224 respondents completed the survey, but only 193 surveys were viable. Results of this study indicate a positive perception of current competition rules (70%; n=139); field of play (74.6%; n=144); official poomsae (16.5%; n=32); and the new poomsae (Himchari: 73.6%; n=142), (Saebyeol: 73.6%; n=142), (Bigak: 76.7.2%; n=148), and (Nareusya: 72%; n=139). This study should assist Taekwondo governing bodies in establishing practical strategies for the future of poomsae competitions. Numerous conclusions were drawn from this study, but most notably are that athletes, coaches, and referees had little problems with the “old” poomsae but also welcome the new, more challenging ones. This suggests that the respondents understand the value of the original official poomsae and appreciate the challenges that the new poomsae offer. The new poomsae can be said to illustrate how Taekwondo is growing positively while remaining true to its roots.
{"title":"Taekwondo Poomsae Competitor Perceptions of the Official and New Competition Poomsae, Field of Play, and Competition Rules","authors":"Byung-Kee Chung, J. A. Johnson","doi":"10.16926/par.2019.07.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.04","url":null,"abstract":"Ten new Taekwondo poomsae (forms) were introduced for competition (including the then-named poomsae Himchari, Saebyeol, Bigak, and Nareusya) prior to their inclusion in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia. To determine general satisfaction of the current poomsae competition rules, field of play, official poomsae, and new poomsae, a survey of Asia Taekwondo Union poomsae competitors (n=91), coaches (n=33), and referees (n=100) was conducted. A total of 224 respondents completed the survey, but only 193 surveys were viable. Results of this study indicate a positive perception of current competition rules (70%; n=139); field of play (74.6%; n=144); official poomsae (16.5%; n=32); and the new poomsae (Himchari: 73.6%; n=142), (Saebyeol: 73.6%; n=142), (Bigak: 76.7.2%; n=148), and (Nareusya: 72%; n=139). This study should assist Taekwondo governing bodies in establishing practical strategies for the future of poomsae competitions. Numerous conclusions were drawn from this study, but most notably are that athletes, coaches, and referees had little problems with the “old” poomsae but also welcome the new, more challenging ones. This suggests that the respondents understand the value of the original official poomsae and appreciate the challenges that the new poomsae offer. The new poomsae can be said to illustrate how Taekwondo is growing positively while remaining true to its roots.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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