The invasion of ecosystems by exotic species has been identified as the second cause of biodiversity loss worldwide, and is one of the most difficult threats to reverse. In Uruguay, the introduction and spread of invasive alien species (IAS) has been identified as a serious environmental problem, becoming perhaps the greatest danger that native forests currently face. IAS often represents optical differences in the forest canopy and can therefore be detected remotely. The two most widespread and aggressive woody IAS in the country's forests are Ligustrum lucidum and Gleditsia triacanthos . The objective of this study was to spatially identify IAS within the native forest of Uruguay, mainly these two species, using remote sensing techniques. This work is based on multispectral data from medium-resolution satellite images (Landsat) and uses the normalized difference fraction index (NDFI) for classification. The NDFI is sensitive to canopy coverage and is calculated through a sub-pixel spectral mixture analysis (SMA), decomposing the reflectance information for each pixel into fractions. The results showed an area of 22,009 ha of native forest invaded by these IAS, with an overall accuracy of 87.6%, representing 2.63% of the total native forest area in the country. The results presented in this work will help to geographically analyze the invasion by IAS in the forest, linking it to possible drivers. Furthermore, this map can now be used as relevant information when designing IAS prevention, mitigation, restoration, and eventual eradication strategies in the country.
{"title":"Remote sensing of invasive alien woody species in Uruguayan native forests","authors":"Olivera","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.653","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion of ecosystems by exotic species has been identified as the second cause of biodiversity loss worldwide, and is one of the most difficult threats to reverse. In Uruguay, the introduction and spread of invasive alien species (IAS) has been identified as a serious environmental problem, becoming perhaps the greatest danger that native forests currently face. IAS often represents optical differences in the forest canopy and can therefore be detected remotely. The two most widespread and aggressive woody IAS in the country's forests are Ligustrum lucidum and Gleditsia triacanthos . The objective of this study was to spatially identify IAS within the native forest of Uruguay, mainly these two species, using remote sensing techniques. This work is based on multispectral data from medium-resolution satellite images (Landsat) and uses the normalized difference fraction index (NDFI) for classification. The NDFI is sensitive to canopy coverage and is calculated through a sub-pixel spectral mixture analysis (SMA), decomposing the reflectance information for each pixel into fractions. The results showed an area of 22,009 ha of native forest invaded by these IAS, with an overall accuracy of 87.6%, representing 2.63% of the total native forest area in the country. The results presented in this work will help to geographically analyze the invasion by IAS in the forest, linking it to possible drivers. Furthermore, this map can now be used as relevant information when designing IAS prevention, mitigation, restoration, and eventual eradication strategies in the country.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85301359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mondino, K. Yaneselli, A. Ingold, C. Echeverry, Sofia Rafaelli, A. Vazquez, Carmen García y Santos
Species of the genus Senecio have been traditionally employed with medical purposes and it has been demonstrated that some of them have anti-proliferative activity on cancer-derived cell lines. In South America S. madagascariensis is one of the most important representatives of the genus. Almost all species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), substances that can lead to hepatic damage. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the cytotoxic activity of a low PAs extract of S. madagascariensis on a cancer-derived cell line. A chloroform extract from plant material was produced and it was demonstrated to have a PAs concentration lower than 200 µ g/g (w/w). Two stock solutions were made with DMSO and acetone as solvents and were diluted in culture medium (DMEM). Cells from urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma T24 were cultured in 96 well plates (10 4 cells/well) and incubated for 24 hours with dilutions of the extracts at the following concentrations, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.125 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT colorimetric technique. Both solutions of S. madagascariensis extracts (acetone and DMSO) showed cytotoxic activity. In both cases, the degree of cytotoxicity was dependent on the concentration of the solution. causar dano ao fígado. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a atividade citotóxica de um extrato de S. madagascariensis com baixo teor de PA em uma linhagem de células cancerosas. Um extrato clorofórmico foi realizado a partir do material vegetal com uma concentração de PA inferior a 200 µg/g (w/w). Dois soluções estoque foram feitas usando DMSO e acetona como solventes e foram diluídas em meio de cultura (DMEM). Células de carcinoma de células transi-cionais da bexiga urinária T24 foram cultivadas em placas de 96 poços (104 células por poço) e incubadas por 24 horas com diluições dos extratos nas seguintes concentrações 0,5 mg / mL, 0,25 mg / mL, 0,125 mg / mL e 0,06 mg / mL. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pela técnica colorimétrica MTT. Ambas soluções de S. madagascariensis demonstraram atividade citotóxica. Em ambos casos, o grau de citotoxicidade foi dependente da concentração da solução. Palavras-chave atividade atividade citotóxica; fitomedicina; senecio madagascariensis
Senecio属的物种传统上被用于医学目的，并且已经证明它们中的一些对癌症来源的细胞系具有抗增殖活性。在南美洲，S. madagascar是该属最重要的代表之一。几乎所有的品种都含有吡咯利西啶生物碱(PA)，这种物质会导致肝损伤。因此，本研究的目的是确定低PAs提取物对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性。从植物原料中提取氯仿提取物，并证明其PAs浓度低于200µg/g (w/w)。以二甲基亚砜和丙酮为溶剂配制两种原液，在培养基(DMEM)中稀释。将膀胱移行细胞癌T24细胞培养于96孔板(104个细胞/孔)中，以0.5 mg/mL、0.25 mg/mL、0.125 mg/mL和0.06 mg/mL的提取物稀释培养24小时。采用MTT比色法测定细胞活力。两种提取液(丙酮和DMSO)均显示细胞毒活性。在这两种情况下，细胞毒性的程度取决于溶液的浓度。cause dano ao fígado。【摘要】目的:研究马达加斯加血吸虫的遗传变异与遗传变异的关系，研究马达加斯加血吸虫的遗传变异与遗传变异。Um extrato clorofórmico for realizado a partido material phytocom uma concentration≤200µg/g (w/w)。Dois soluções estoque foram feitas usando DMSO e acetona como solvente foram diluídas em meio de cultura (DMEM)。1 . caliada pela caliada pela csamuica transcionais da bexiga urinária T24 foram culadas em placas de 96 po(104 csamulaas p) e cucubadas p(24 horas com diluições dos extratos nas seguintes concentrações 0,5 mg / mL, 0,25 mg / mL, 0,125 mg / mL和0,06 mg / mL. A avaliada pela csamuica MTT。马达加斯加螺soluções de S. madagascar demonstraram atividade citotóxica。3 .在药物浓度依赖的情况下，药物浓度依赖的情况下，药物浓度依赖。palavas - have atividade atividade citotóxica;fitomedicina;狗舌草madagascariensis
{"title":"Cytotoxic effect of Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae) extracts on cancer derived cell lines","authors":"A. Mondino, K. Yaneselli, A. Ingold, C. Echeverry, Sofia Rafaelli, A. Vazquez, Carmen García y Santos","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.425","url":null,"abstract":"Species of the genus Senecio have been traditionally employed with medical purposes and it has been demonstrated that some of them have anti-proliferative activity on cancer-derived cell lines. In South America S. madagascariensis is one of the most important representatives of the genus. Almost all species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), substances that can lead to hepatic damage. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the cytotoxic activity of a low PAs extract of S. madagascariensis on a cancer-derived cell line. A chloroform extract from plant material was produced and it was demonstrated to have a PAs concentration lower than 200 µ g/g (w/w). Two stock solutions were made with DMSO and acetone as solvents and were diluted in culture medium (DMEM). Cells from urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma T24 were cultured in 96 well plates (10 4 cells/well) and incubated for 24 hours with dilutions of the extracts at the following concentrations, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.125 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT colorimetric technique. Both solutions of S. madagascariensis extracts (acetone and DMSO) showed cytotoxic activity. In both cases, the degree of cytotoxicity was dependent on the concentration of the solution. causar dano ao fígado. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a atividade citotóxica de um extrato de S. madagascariensis com baixo teor de PA em uma linhagem de células cancerosas. Um extrato clorofórmico foi realizado a partir do material vegetal com uma concentração de PA inferior a 200 µg/g (w/w). Dois soluções estoque foram feitas usando DMSO e acetona como solventes e foram diluídas em meio de cultura (DMEM). Células de carcinoma de células transi-cionais da bexiga urinária T24 foram cultivadas em placas de 96 poços (104 células por poço) e incubadas por 24 horas com diluições dos extratos nas seguintes concentrações 0,5 mg / mL, 0,25 mg / mL, 0,125 mg / mL e 0,06 mg / mL. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pela técnica colorimétrica MTT. Ambas soluções de S. madagascariensis demonstraram atividade citotóxica. Em ambos casos, o grau de citotoxicidade foi dependente da concentração da solução. Palavras-chave atividade atividade citotóxica; fitomedicina; senecio madagascariensis","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78573532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Cracco, C. Cabrera, M. Cadenazzi, G. Galietta, A. Moreni, E. Santos, F. Zaccari
Uruguay produces and exports honey. Honey is appreciated worldwide and has been well studied in terms of its chemical composition. These studies help determine botanical origin and prevent fraud. However, Uruguay exports honey without differentiating; the diversity of soils and vegetation in the country allows different types of honey production. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize honey from four regions of the country including three protected areas. The samples were collected during one year in two stations and electrical conductivity, humidity, sugar profile, macrominerals (K, Ca, Na and Mg) and pollen content were analyzed. The quality of the studied environments was evaluated by determining the presence of glyphosate. Results from this study confirm significant differences among the analyzed honeys from the different regions (Tukey-Kramer, p <0.05). Most of the measured values were within world ranges. However, some samples with high conductivity (> 0.8 mS / cm) associated with high mineral content were found. 37 different pollen taxa (family, genus or species) were detected. Some samples are monofloral (main pollen> 45%) of cultivated species (Lotus sp and Trifolium repens) or native species (Parkinsonia aculeata, Lithraea brasiliensis, Myrcianthes sp and Tripodanthus acutifo-lius). Calcium and sodium are suggested as markers of geographic origin. Mannose is suggested as a marker of botanical origin. The detection of glyphosate appears associated with agricultural activities even in protected areas. Uruguay produces different honeys that can be marketed indicating origin. More regions should be studied and for longer periods. estava dentro de faixas mundiais. No entanto, algumas amostras com alta condutividade (> 0,8 mS / cm) associadas a alto teor de minerais foram encontradas. 37 taxa de pólen diferentes (família, gênero ou espécie) foram detectados. Algumas amostras são monoflorais (pólen principal> 45%) de espécies cultivadas (Lotus sp e Trifolium repens) ou espécies nativas, Parkinsonia aculeata, Lithraea brasiliensis, Myrcianthes sp e Tripodanthus acutifolius). O cálcio e o sódio são sugeridos como marcadores de origem geográfica. A manose é sugerida como um marcador de origem botânica. A detecção do glifosato aparece associada às atividades agrícolas mesmo em áreas protegidas. O Uruguai produz diferentes méis que podem ser comercializados com indicação de origem. Mais regiões devem ser estu-dadas e por mais tempo.
乌拉圭生产和出口蜂蜜。蜂蜜在世界范围内都很受欢迎，其化学成分也得到了很好的研究。这些研究有助于确定植物来源和防止欺诈。然而，乌拉圭出口蜂蜜没有区别;该国土壤和植被的多样性允许生产不同类型的蜂蜜。因此，这项工作的目的是表征蜂蜜从四个地区的国家，包括三个保护区。在一年的时间里，在两个站点采集样品，分析电导率、湿度、糖谱、常量矿物质(K、Ca、Na和Mg)和花粉含量。通过确定草甘膦的存在来评估所研究环境的质量。本研究的结果证实了来自不同地区(Tukey-Kramer, p 0.8 mS / cm)的分析蜂蜜之间存在显著差异，这些差异与高矿物质含量有关。共检测到37个不同的花粉分类群(科、属、种)。部分样品为栽培种(荷花、三叶草)或本地种(金盏花、巴西柳枝、桃金草、三叶草)的单花植物(主花粉> 45%)。钙和钠被认为是地理来源的标志。甘露糖被认为是植物来源的标志。草甘膦的检测似乎与农业活动有关，甚至在保护区内也是如此。乌拉圭生产不同的蜂蜜，可以在市场上标明原产地。应该对更多的地区进行更长时间的研究。不动产不动产不动产。没有进入，algumas amostras com alta导电性(> 0.8 mS / cm)与矿物的多孔性(encontras)相关。37 taxa de pólen differentes (família, gênero ou espacei) foram detectados。alumas amostras s o o monoflorais (pólen principal> 45%) de espancicies culadas (Lotus sp . Trifolium repens) ou espancicies natativas, Parkinsonia aculeata, Lithraea brasiliensis, Myrcianthes sp . Tripodanthus actifolius)。O cálcio e O sódio s O sugeridos como marcadores de origem geográfica。甘露糖:一种甘露糖，一种甘露糖，一种甘露糖。一种检测法 do glifosaas外观关联às atividades agrícolas mesmo em áreas protegidas。6 .乌拉圭产品的不同之处在于，它是一种具有商业价值的产品。Mais regiões的发展趋势是，Mais的速度是缓慢的。
{"title":"Uruguayan honey from different regions, characterization and origin markers","authors":"Pablo Cracco, C. Cabrera, M. Cadenazzi, G. Galietta, A. Moreni, E. Santos, F. Zaccari","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.947","url":null,"abstract":"Uruguay produces and exports honey. Honey is appreciated worldwide and has been well studied in terms of its chemical composition. These studies help determine botanical origin and prevent fraud. However, Uruguay exports honey without differentiating; the diversity of soils and vegetation in the country allows different types of honey production. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize honey from four regions of the country including three protected areas. The samples were collected during one year in two stations and electrical conductivity, humidity, sugar profile, macrominerals (K, Ca, Na and Mg) and pollen content were analyzed. The quality of the studied environments was evaluated by determining the presence of glyphosate. Results from this study confirm significant differences among the analyzed honeys from the different regions (Tukey-Kramer, p <0.05). Most of the measured values were within world ranges. However, some samples with high conductivity (> 0.8 mS / cm) associated with high mineral content were found. 37 different pollen taxa (family, genus or species) were detected. Some samples are monofloral (main pollen> 45%) of cultivated species (Lotus sp and Trifolium repens) or native species (Parkinsonia aculeata, Lithraea brasiliensis, Myrcianthes sp and Tripodanthus acutifo-lius). Calcium and sodium are suggested as markers of geographic origin. Mannose is suggested as a marker of botanical origin. The detection of glyphosate appears associated with agricultural activities even in protected areas. Uruguay produces different honeys that can be marketed indicating origin. More regions should be studied and for longer periods. estava dentro de faixas mundiais. No entanto, algumas amostras com alta condutividade (> 0,8 mS / cm) associadas a alto teor de minerais foram encontradas. 37 taxa de pólen diferentes (família, gênero ou espécie) foram detectados. Algumas amostras são monoflorais (pólen principal> 45%) de espécies cultivadas (Lotus sp e Trifolium repens) ou espécies nativas, Parkinsonia aculeata, Lithraea brasiliensis, Myrcianthes sp e Tripodanthus acutifolius). O cálcio e o sódio são sugeridos como marcadores de origem geográfica. A manose é sugerida como um marcador de origem botânica. A detecção do glifosato aparece associada às atividades agrícolas mesmo em áreas protegidas. O Uruguai produz diferentes méis que podem ser comercializados com indicação de origem. Mais regiões devem ser estu-dadas e por mais tempo.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90032466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To provide fruit throughout the whole year, maintain quality and reduce spoilage, apples and pears are stored at low temperature. However, the development of rots, caused mainly by Penicillium expansum, cannot be avoided. To prevent fruit losses, biological control has been proposed as a potential alternative. In this work, 16 psychrotrophic, non-pectinolytic Debaryomyces hansenii strains were evaluated in a bioassay for their potential biocontrol against P. expansum rots in apples and pears. Isolates with different degrees of biocontrol effectiveness were further investigated in vitro to elucidate mechanisms of antagonism that may have contributed to biocontrol. No correlation between any of the studied mechanisms and biocontrol activity could be established. One of the isolates, designated F9D, was selected due to its ability to reduce rot incidence in more than 95% in apples and 85% in pears. This strain could be a good candidate for the development of a yeast-based formulation to protect both types of fruit. An ISSR-PCR method was developed for typing the selected strain. This molecular marker could be a useful tool to follow the fate of the strain applied on fruit.
{"title":"Biocontrol activity of Debaryomyces hansenii against blue mold on apple and pear during cold storage","authors":"E. Arrarte, G. Garmendia, M. Wisniewski, S. Vero","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.839","url":null,"abstract":"To provide fruit throughout the whole year, maintain quality and reduce spoilage, apples and pears are stored at low temperature. However, the development of rots, caused mainly by Penicillium expansum, cannot be avoided. To prevent fruit losses, biological control has been proposed as a potential alternative. In this work, 16 psychrotrophic, non-pectinolytic Debaryomyces hansenii strains were evaluated in a bioassay for their potential biocontrol against P. expansum rots in apples and pears. Isolates with different degrees of biocontrol effectiveness were further investigated in vitro to elucidate mechanisms of antagonism that may have contributed to biocontrol. No correlation between any of the studied mechanisms and biocontrol activity could be established. One of the isolates, designated F9D, was selected due to its ability to reduce rot incidence in more than 95% in apples and 85% in pears. This strain could be a good candidate for the development of a yeast-based formulation to protect both types of fruit. An ISSR-PCR method was developed for typing the selected strain. This molecular marker could be a useful tool to follow the fate of the strain applied on fruit.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74501776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ferrari, Gustavo R. Rodríguez, M. González, E. Vicente, G. Giménez, Danilo Cabrera, Facundo Ibáñez
Prevention of the development of chronic diseases related to metabolic syndrome has been found to depend on a healthy diet. Among healthy foods, fruits and vegetables play a very important role due to their nutrient content, especially antioxidants, vitamins and polyphenols. For 20 years, INIA has promoted the concept of quality associated to the differentiation of products in the fruit and horticultural sectors, considering aspects not only linked to the organoleptic qualities, but also the production processes that ensure food safety and nutritional contribution. More recently, research works have been implemented to contribute to highlighting the role of fruits and vegetables as nutraceutical foods, contributing to the prevention of chronic non-transmissible human diseases such as diabetes, cancer, or obesity. Also, to contribute to the knowledge of the effects of factors as breeding and culture management on the nutritional potential and promote production, consumption and commercialization. The bioactive compounds content and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and ORAC) were characterized in different genotypes of native fruits, onion, potato, strawberry, sweet potato and tomato. High levels of flavonoids (quercetin) were found in onions and advanced lines. Samples of tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and strawberries showed high contents of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total carotenoids, and total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) with a great interspecies variability; so, they can be included in the development of varieties differentiated by nutraceutical attributes. The analyses conducted also demonstrate the potential of native fruits as sources of essential nutrients, with contents comparable to and even superior to other fruits considered "superfruits". Through selection and breeding, national varieties can be developed with outstanding organoleptic characteristics, good levels of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties that contribute to the health of the population.
{"title":"Nutritional Quality and Nutraceutical Potential of Fruits and Vegetables as a tool for Genetic Breeding Programs","authors":"V. Ferrari, Gustavo R. Rodríguez, M. González, E. Vicente, G. Giménez, Danilo Cabrera, Facundo Ibáñez","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.814","url":null,"abstract":"Prevention of the development of chronic diseases related to metabolic syndrome has been found to depend on a healthy diet. Among healthy foods, fruits and vegetables play a very important role due to their nutrient content, especially antioxidants, vitamins and polyphenols. For 20 years, INIA has promoted the concept of quality associated to the differentiation of products in the fruit and horticultural sectors, considering aspects not only linked to the organoleptic qualities, but also the production processes that ensure food safety and nutritional contribution. More recently, research works have been implemented to contribute to highlighting the role of fruits and vegetables as nutraceutical foods, contributing to the prevention of chronic non-transmissible human diseases such as diabetes, cancer, or obesity. Also, to contribute to the knowledge of the effects of factors as breeding and culture management on the nutritional potential and promote production, consumption and commercialization. The bioactive compounds content and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and ORAC) were characterized in different genotypes of native fruits, onion, potato, strawberry, sweet potato and tomato. High levels of flavonoids (quercetin) were found in onions and advanced lines. Samples of tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and strawberries showed high contents of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total carotenoids, and total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) with a great interspecies variability; so, they can be included in the development of varieties differentiated by nutraceutical attributes. The analyses conducted also demonstrate the potential of native fruits as sources of essential nutrients, with contents comparable to and even superior to other fruits considered \"superfruits\". Through selection and breeding, national varieties can be developed with outstanding organoleptic characteristics, good levels of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties that contribute to the health of the population.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90995328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Silveira, Silvia Rodríguez, R. Kluge, L. F. Palaretti, Carlos Inestroza, V. Escalona
Fruits and vegetables losses and wastage have massive impacts on the economy, as they constitute about half of the 1.3 billion tons of food annually lost; on the environment, because its elimination generates 10%-12% of greenhouse gases, and on society, because one of every four calories produced is not consumed. Losses are generated during production, postharvest, and marketing periods. In developing countries, only in postharvest, losses reach between 40% and 50% depending on the product considered. Losses can be grouped into physical, biological, and physiological, and their reduction constitutes a challenge that countries are attempting to tackle through both individual and collaborative actions. For applying successful mitigation strategies, not only their quantification but also the identification of factors and occasions in which losses occur are of utmost importance. In this sense, the use of non-destructive techniques is especially useful as such techniques facilitate the detection of physical damages before they are visible or the identification of pathogens before they develop. Other aspects include the possibility of monitoring refrigeration conditions during storage and transport, identifying the occurrence of a cold chain break, and making it possible to rectify the same. In this paper, various techniques applicable to the identification and reduction of losses are reviewed.
{"title":"Non-destructive techniques for mitigating losses of fruits and vegetables","authors":"A. Silveira, Silvia Rodríguez, R. Kluge, L. F. Palaretti, Carlos Inestroza, V. Escalona","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.850","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits and vegetables losses and wastage have massive impacts on the economy, as they constitute about half of the 1.3 billion tons of food annually lost; on the environment, because its elimination generates 10%-12% of greenhouse gases, and on society, because one of every four calories produced is not consumed. Losses are generated during production, postharvest, and marketing periods. In developing countries, only in postharvest, losses reach between 40% and 50% depending on the product considered. Losses can be grouped into physical, biological, and physiological, and their reduction constitutes a challenge that countries are attempting to tackle through both individual and collaborative actions. For applying successful mitigation strategies, not only their quantification but also the identification of factors and occasions in which losses occur are of utmost importance. In this sense, the use of non-destructive techniques is especially useful as such techniques facilitate the detection of physical damages before they are visible or the identification of pathogens before they develop. Other aspects include the possibility of monitoring refrigeration conditions during storage and transport, identifying the occurrence of a cold chain break, and making it possible to rectify the same. In this paper, various techniques applicable to the identification and reduction of losses are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78358280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. D. S. Pereira, Chirle de Oliveira Raphaelli, M. Radünz, T. M. Camargo, M. Vizzotto
Brazilian native fruit trees have great potential for their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Among these, the Myrtaceae family stand out for the diversity of known native fruits, as the case of “araçazeiro” or cattley guava [Psidium cattleianum], “pitangueira”, Suriname cherry or Brazilian cherry [Eugenia uniflora], “guabijuzeiro” [Myrcianthes pungens], “guabirobeira” [Campomanesia xanthocarpa] and “uvalheira” [Eugenia pyriformis]. These fruits contain substances of nutritional and potentially functional importance, including dietary fiber, vitamins (especially A and C) and minerals (potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus), as well as antioxidant compounds, such as phenolics and carotenoids. The consumption of fruits rich in bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activity has the potential to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. For example, Suriname cherry and cattley guava fruit extracts showed anti-hyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant effects in animal models with insulin resistance, cattley guava also showed anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities. “Uvaia” has a promising effect as an antimicrobial agent. In this review, summarized information on the main native fruits of the Myrtaceae is presented, highlighting their composition and biological activities in order to direct new research.
{"title":"Biological activity and chemical composition of native fruits: a review","authors":"E. D. S. Pereira, Chirle de Oliveira Raphaelli, M. Radünz, T. M. Camargo, M. Vizzotto","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.815","url":null,"abstract":"Brazilian native fruit trees have great potential for their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Among these, the Myrtaceae family stand out for the diversity of known native fruits, as the case of “araçazeiro” or cattley guava [Psidium cattleianum], “pitangueira”, Suriname cherry or Brazilian cherry [Eugenia uniflora], “guabijuzeiro” [Myrcianthes pungens], “guabirobeira” [Campomanesia xanthocarpa] and “uvalheira” [Eugenia pyriformis]. These fruits contain substances of nutritional and potentially functional importance, including dietary fiber, vitamins (especially A and C) and minerals (potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus), as well as antioxidant compounds, such as phenolics and carotenoids. The consumption of fruits rich in bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activity has the potential to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. For example, Suriname cherry and cattley guava fruit extracts showed anti-hyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant effects in animal models with insulin resistance, cattley guava also showed anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities. “Uvaia” has a promising effect as an antimicrobial agent. In this review, summarized information on the main native fruits of the Myrtaceae is presented, highlighting their composition and biological activities in order to direct new research.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77444821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citation Zoppolo R, Colnago P. Producción de frutas y hortalizas en Uruguay a la luz del Año Internacional de las Frutas y las Verduras de la FAO. Agrociencia Uruguay [Internet]. 2021 [cited dd mmm yyyy];25(NE2):e982. Available from: http://agrocienciauruguay. uy/ojs/index.php/agrociencia/art icle/view/982. Fruits and vegetables production in Uruguay in light of the FAO International Year of Fruits and Vegetables
{"title":"Producción de frutas y hortalizas en Uruguay a la luz del Año Internacional de las Frutas y las Verduras de la FAO","authors":"R. Zoppolo, P. Colnago","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.982","url":null,"abstract":"Citation Zoppolo R, Colnago P. Producción de frutas y hortalizas en Uruguay a la luz del Año Internacional de las Frutas y las Verduras de la FAO. Agrociencia Uruguay [Internet]. 2021 [cited dd mmm yyyy];25(NE2):e982. Available from: http://agrocienciauruguay. uy/ojs/index.php/agrociencia/art icle/view/982. Fruits and vegetables production in Uruguay in light of the FAO International Year of Fruits and Vegetables","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81520240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mensaje de la delegación de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) en Uruguay","authors":"Daniela Godoy, T. Díaz","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87600854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda Isabel Zaccari Veiga, M. del Puerto, M. Cabrera
The fruit of the butia palm [Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick] has cultural and economic value for the inhabitants of the protected landscape area in Los Palmares de Rocha, Uruguay. Determining the physicochemical and nutritional quality of the fruits can contribute to enhance them by preserving these biosystems. This study aimed to characterize fruits with red, orange and yellow epicarp physically and chemically. Color, dry matter, ash, crude protein, dietary fiber, carotenoids, vitamin C, total polyphenols (TP), and total antioxidant capacity were measured in peel and pulp of the three types of fruit. All data were reported for 100 g of fresh weight. Furthermore, the pH, the titratable acidity and the total soluble solids were determined in the pulp juice. The three types of butia had a higher content of β-carotene (≈1.28 mg), lutein (≈68.2 µg) and TP (≈647.7 mg gallic acid equivalent) in peel than in pulp. In addition, the content of vitamin C (≈48.7 mg) and dietary fiber (≈ 7.1 g) was similar in the peel and in the pulp for the three colors of butia. Intake of 100 g of butia fruits in natura would provide up to 14% of the dietary fiber, 8% β-carotenes and 57% of the vitamin C required daily by an adult.
{"title":"Butia: physical, nutritional and antioxidant properties of red, orange and yellow fruits","authors":"Fernanda Isabel Zaccari Veiga, M. del Puerto, M. Cabrera","doi":"10.31285/agro.25.789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.25.789","url":null,"abstract":"The fruit of the butia palm [Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick] has cultural and economic value for the inhabitants of the protected landscape area in Los Palmares de Rocha, Uruguay. Determining the physicochemical and nutritional quality of the fruits can contribute to enhance them by preserving these biosystems. This study aimed to characterize fruits with red, orange and yellow epicarp physically and chemically. Color, dry matter, ash, crude protein, dietary fiber, carotenoids, vitamin C, total polyphenols (TP), and total antioxidant capacity were measured in peel and pulp of the three types of fruit. All data were reported for 100 g of fresh weight. Furthermore, the pH, the titratable acidity and the total soluble solids were determined in the pulp juice. The three types of butia had a higher content of β-carotene (≈1.28 mg), lutein (≈68.2 µg) and TP (≈647.7 mg gallic acid equivalent) in peel than in pulp. In addition, the content of vitamin C (≈48.7 mg) and dietary fiber (≈ 7.1 g) was similar in the peel and in the pulp for the three colors of butia. Intake of 100 g of butia fruits in natura would provide up to 14% of the dietary fiber, 8% β-carotenes and 57% of the vitamin C required daily by an adult.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85964654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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