Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00287
J. Catchpole, M. D. Stefano, Kim Mestroni
A draft manual for the Occupational Therapy Driving Test had previously been developed via a consultation process, setting out detailed specifications intended to improve the validity and reliability of the test and its consistency with other VicRoads licence tests. A trial was conducted to assess the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the documented procedures and requirements. The trial involved (a) upgrading existing test routes to comply with the updated requirements, and (b) conducting licence tests using the updated procedures. Detailed written feedback was obtained from the occupational therapy driver assessors (OTs) who upgraded test routes and from the OTs who conducted the licence tests. Analysis of 156 feedback forms from 19 OTs revealed that the updated requirements resulted in a test that exceeded the preferred timeframe (35 minutes). The number of compulsory tasks required for all clients precluded sufficient time to conduct additional, clientspecific tasks with those clients who needed them. This led the project team to reduce the number of compulsory tasks, relax some constraints regarding task locations, and reclassify two previously compulsory tasks as client-specific (optional) tasks. Extra guidance was added to the manual covering various procedural and assessment issues, and supplementary documentation was developed to assist OTs to comply with VicRoads requirements. The updated test is expected to provide a valid test of driving skills, while offering greater reliability than previous OT licence reassessment procedures.
{"title":"Trial of improved procedures for driver licence testing by occupational therapists","authors":"J. Catchpole, M. D. Stefano, Kim Mestroni","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00287","url":null,"abstract":"A draft manual for the Occupational Therapy Driving Test had previously been developed via a consultation process, setting out detailed specifications intended to improve the validity and reliability of the test and its consistency with other VicRoads licence tests. A trial was conducted to assess the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the documented procedures and requirements. The trial involved (a) upgrading existing test routes to comply with the updated requirements, and (b) conducting licence tests using the updated procedures. Detailed written feedback was obtained from the occupational therapy driver assessors (OTs) who upgraded test routes and from the OTs who conducted the licence tests. Analysis of 156 feedback forms from 19 OTs revealed that the updated requirements resulted in a test that exceeded the preferred timeframe (35 minutes). The number of compulsory tasks required for all clients precluded sufficient time to conduct additional, clientspecific tasks with those clients who needed them. This led the project team to reduce the number of compulsory tasks, relax some constraints regarding task locations, and reclassify two previously compulsory tasks as client-specific (optional) tasks. Extra guidance was added to the manual covering various procedural and assessment issues, and supplementary documentation was developed to assist OTs to comply with VicRoads requirements. The updated test is expected to provide a valid test of driving skills, while offering greater reliability than previous OT licence reassessment procedures.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89820734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00285
D. Mctiernan
As the road authority for the unclassified (i.e. local) roads in their local government area, councils have the legislated responsibility to manage their road infrastructure; this fundamentally includes the safety of road users on their networks. Almost 70% of the 392 fatalities on NSW roads in 2017 occurred on country roads (Transport for NSW, 2018). The contribution of the local road network to road trauma across Australasia is significant with over half (52%) of all fatal and serious injuries recorded on roads that are the sole responsibility of local government (McTiernan et. al., 2016). Governments at all levels - Local, State and Federal – can no longer ignore the contribution of local roads to the national tragedy and trauma occurring each year. Without a concerted effort by all tiers of government to address road safety performance on the vast local road network, Australia will not achieve the 30% reduction target in fatal and serious injuries as set out in the National Road Safety Plan. Unfortunately, the current status for managing safety on local roads sees a myriad of systemic hurdles and failures that ultimately result in local government not making road safety a genuine priority. But what is required to change this situation? Two case studies are presented to assist a discussion about some of the systemic failures that contribute to local councils not taking, or not being able to take, action to make road safety a genuine priority.
{"title":"Road Safety – Is It a Local Government Priority? (What Does the Experience Suggest?)","authors":"D. Mctiernan","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00285","url":null,"abstract":"As the road authority for the unclassified (i.e. local) roads in their local government area, councils have the legislated responsibility to manage their road infrastructure; this fundamentally includes the safety of road users on their networks. Almost 70% of the 392 fatalities on NSW roads in 2017 occurred on country roads (Transport for NSW, 2018). The contribution of the local road network to road trauma across Australasia is significant with over half (52%) of all fatal and serious injuries recorded on roads that are the sole responsibility of local government (McTiernan et. al., 2016). Governments at all levels - Local, State and Federal – can no longer ignore the contribution of local roads to the national tragedy and trauma occurring each year. Without a concerted effort by all tiers of government to address road safety performance on the vast local road network, Australia will not achieve the 30% reduction target in fatal and serious injuries as set out in the National Road Safety Plan. Unfortunately, the current status for managing safety on local roads sees a myriad of systemic hurdles and failures that ultimately result in local government not making road safety a genuine priority. But what is required to change this situation? Two case studies are presented to assist a discussion about some of the systemic failures that contribute to local councils not taking, or not being able to take, action to make road safety a genuine priority.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86359362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00259
R. Shuey
This paper presents a practitioner’s perspective of implementing road safety strategies in low and middle-income countries. It identifies a gap in traffic law enforcement capability and describes professional development train the trainer programs to build capacity. The costs and benefits of road safety reform are raised in conjunction with the need to provide adequate funding to support the behavioural change of drivers. Understanding the challenges of piecemeal reform, policing capability, corruption and under-reporting of crashes provides opportunities to use this knowledge to impact behavioural change and road trauma reduction. The findings confirm education and enforcement as a successful methodology for reform as well as the need to create the perception of certainty of being caught and punished when breaking the law.
{"title":"Sharing road safety education and enforcement knowledge and practice throughout developing nations - challenges create opportunities!","authors":"R. Shuey","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00259","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a practitioner’s perspective of implementing road safety strategies in low and middle-income countries. It identifies a gap in traffic law enforcement capability and describes professional development train the trainer programs to build capacity. The costs and benefits of road safety reform are raised in conjunction with the need to provide adequate funding to support the behavioural change of drivers. Understanding the challenges of piecemeal reform, policing capability, corruption and under-reporting of crashes provides opportunities to use this knowledge to impact behavioural change and road trauma reduction. The findings confirm education and enforcement as a successful methodology for reform as well as the need to create the perception of certainty of being caught and punished when breaking the law.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83761666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.33492/jacrs-d-18-00101
B. Hughes, T. Falkmer, A. Anund
The improvements to road safety since the 1970’s are becoming increasingly difficult to sustain in many developed countries. This paper analyses ten Australasian Government road safety strategies against two key criteria: 1. a comprehensive framework for road safety, and 2. the anticipated changing, difficult and unpredictable nature of future transport and its context. The analysis concludes that current Australasian road safety strategies are weak in some areas of content and do not address future challenges. Improvements are suggested to strengthen strategies’ thoroughness and robustness, as well as ways that the strategies can be more resilient to future circumstances.
{"title":"The Relevance of Australasian Road Safety Strategies in a Future Context","authors":"B. Hughes, T. Falkmer, A. Anund","doi":"10.33492/jacrs-d-18-00101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jacrs-d-18-00101","url":null,"abstract":"The improvements to road safety since the 1970’s are becoming increasingly difficult to sustain in many developed countries. This paper analyses ten Australasian Government road safety strategies against two key criteria: 1. a comprehensive framework for road safety, and 2. the anticipated changing, difficult and unpredictable nature of future transport and its context. The analysis concludes that current Australasian road safety strategies are weak in some areas of content and do not address future challenges. Improvements are suggested to strengthen strategies’ thoroughness and robustness, as well as ways that the strategies can be more resilient to future circumstances.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82107829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Richardson, R. Grzebieta, T. Jiang, G. Rechnitzer
Current techniques used to evaluate and analyze lateral impact speeds of vehicle crashes with poles are based on measuring the deformation crush and using lateral crash stiffness data to estimate the impact speed. However, the stiffness data is based on broad object side impacts rather than pole impacts. The premise is that broad object side impact tests can be used for narrow object impacts; previous authors have identified the fallacy of this premise. Publicly available pole crash test data is evaluated. A range of simulated pole impact tests at various speeds are conducted on validated publicly available Finite Element Vehicle models of a 1991 Ford Taurus, a 1994 Chevrolet C2500 and a 1997 Geo Metro (Suzuki Swift), providing a relationship between impact speed and crush depth. This paper builds on a previous publication (Richardson S., Jiang T., Grzebieta R.H. and Rechnitzer G., Vehicle Lateral Side Impacts with Poles - A Review and Analysis, Proceedings 4th Int. Crashworthiness Conf. ICRASH2004, Bolton Institute U.K., San Francisco, July 2004) and contains additional pole tests and new data based on Finite Element Analyses.
{"title":"Simulation of vehicle lateral side impacts with poles to estimate crush and impact speed characteristics","authors":"S. Richardson, R. Grzebieta, T. Jiang, G. Rechnitzer","doi":"10.4271/2015-01-1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1428","url":null,"abstract":"Current techniques used to evaluate and analyze lateral impact speeds of vehicle crashes with poles are based on measuring the deformation crush and using lateral crash stiffness data to estimate the impact speed. However, the stiffness data is based on broad object side impacts rather than pole impacts. The premise is that broad object side impact tests can be used for narrow object impacts; previous authors have identified the fallacy of this premise. Publicly available pole crash test data is evaluated. A range of simulated pole impact tests at various speeds are conducted on validated publicly available Finite Element Vehicle models of a 1991 Ford Taurus, a 1994 Chevrolet C2500 and a 1997 Geo Metro (Suzuki Swift), providing a relationship between impact speed and crush depth. This paper builds on a previous publication (Richardson S., Jiang T., Grzebieta R.H. and Rechnitzer G., Vehicle Lateral Side Impacts with Poles - A Review and Analysis, Proceedings 4th Int. Crashworthiness Conf. ICRASH2004, Bolton Institute U.K., San Francisco, July 2004) and contains additional pole tests and new data based on Finite Element Analyses.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"27 1 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78021091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Work-related travel and transport by road is fundamental for industry, government and organisations. Traditionally, road safety interventions at societal level have focussed on improving road and vehicle engineering and changing road-user behaviour through transport laws and safety campaigns. Crash data indicate that significant numbers of road-user fatalities occur while driving to or for work. Therefore, workplace initiatives can improve both road and worker safety. This paper reviews regulatory approaches to work-related road safety (WRRS) in Australia, the United Kingdom and United States, identifying significant and consistent gaps in policy, management and research. In all three countries, responsibility for managing and regulating WRRS is spread across government agencies, without a single coordinating body. This paper makes the case that integrating management of WRRS into regulatory and non-regulatory occupational health and safety (OHS) initiatives would foster and support collaboration between research and practice communities, ensuring a comprehensive evidence base for future programs.
{"title":"Work-related road safety in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America: an overview of regulatory approaches and recommendations to enhance strategy and practice.","authors":"R Stuckey, S G Pratt, W Murray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work-related travel and transport by road is fundamental for industry, government and organisations. Traditionally, road safety interventions at societal level have focussed on improving road and vehicle engineering and changing road-user behaviour through transport laws and safety campaigns. Crash data indicate that significant numbers of road-user fatalities occur while driving to or for work. Therefore, workplace initiatives can improve both road and worker safety. This paper reviews regulatory approaches to work-related road safety (WRRS) in Australia, the United Kingdom and United States, identifying significant and consistent gaps in policy, management and research. In all three countries, responsibility for managing and regulating WRRS is spread across government agencies, without a single coordinating body. This paper makes the case that integrating management of WRRS into regulatory and non-regulatory occupational health and safety (OHS) initiatives would foster and support collaboration between research and practice communities, ensuring a comprehensive evidence base for future programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"24 3","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534368/pdf/nihms711299.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33928064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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