Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00279
Nebojsa Tomasevic, T. Horberry, B. Fildes
This study evaluated the behavioural validity of the Monash University Accident Research Centre automation driving simulator for research into the human factors issues associated with automated driving. The study involved both on-road and simulated driving. Twenty participants gave ratings of their willingness to resume control of an automated vehicle and perception of safety for a variety of situations along the drives. Each situation was individually categorised and ratings were processed. Statistical analysis of the ratings confirmed the behavioural validity of the simulator, in terms of the similarity of the on-road and simulator data.
{"title":"Validation of a driving simulator for research into human factors issues of automated vehicles","authors":"Nebojsa Tomasevic, T. Horberry, B. Fildes","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00279","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the behavioural validity of the Monash University Accident Research Centre automation driving simulator for research into the human factors issues associated with automated driving. The study involved both on-road and simulated driving. Twenty participants gave ratings of their willingness to resume control of an automated vehicle and perception of safety for a variety of situations along the drives. Each situation was individually categorised and ratings were processed. Statistical analysis of the ratings confirmed the behavioural validity of the simulator, in terms of the similarity of the on-road and simulator data.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41350859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00296
E. Brell, D. Thambiratnam
The tractrix curve, sometimes called the pursuit curve has long been the standard used to describe the path of a pig trailer behind a prime mover. This ideal path still has validity today provided the speed is very low and the trailer is unloaded. During a common phenomenon of snaking or fishtailing, the trailer sways back and forth in relation to the prime mover centreline axis. Often regarded as the nightmare of caravanning, the action does not follow the tractrix curve but follows a shorter path to the common centreline of prime mover and trailer. This paper explores the shorter path in response to a tyre reaction to centripetal force causing slip steer. An example derived by drafting progression steps to how quantitatively that speed causes early cross-over carrying more energy into the next fishtailing phase is presented. It is believed the inclusion of slip steering to modify a tractrix curve is a novel development.
{"title":"Tractrix Trajectory with Slip Steering","authors":"E. Brell, D. Thambiratnam","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00296","url":null,"abstract":"The tractrix curve, sometimes called the pursuit curve has long been the standard used to describe the path of a pig trailer behind a prime mover. This ideal path still has validity today provided the speed is very low and the trailer is unloaded. During a common phenomenon of snaking or fishtailing, the trailer sways back and forth in relation to the prime mover centreline axis. Often regarded as the nightmare of caravanning, the action does not follow the tractrix curve but follows a shorter path to the common centreline of prime mover and trailer. This paper explores the shorter path in response to a tyre reaction to centripetal force causing slip steer. An example derived by drafting progression steps to \u0000how quantitatively that speed causes early cross-over carrying more energy into the next fishtailing phase is presented. It is believed the inclusion of slip steering to modify a tractrix curve is a novel development.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44586658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00295
Jemma C King, R. Franklin, P. Leggat
Background: Cycling engagement in tourists is increasing; yet, bicycle helmet usage is not widely mandated internationally. Exploring hypothetical helmet use intentions when cycling in a foreign location for residents were the ability to decide in their home setting is removed presents a novel enquiry into the relationship between habit and tourist safety behaviour intentions. Methods: Queensland Social Survey (phone survey) of Queensland (Australia) residents (n=1,256) exploring current cycling participation, hypothetical cycling and helmet use whilst travelling overseas. Ethics approval was obtained. Backward logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the socio-economic and health characteristics that were significantly associated with hypothetical cycling and helmet use overseas. Results: One-third (39.6%) of respondents indicated they might cycle overseas and this was related to recent cycling engagement at home (p < 0.01). Helmet usage at home was related to hypothetical helmet use overseas (p < 0.01); with self-reported helmet use every time’ cycle a positive predictor of hypothetical helmet use overseas (OR=10.78; 95%CI=2.04-47.67). Conclusions: Safety habits from a home setting, which likely exist due to legislation, might transfer to a foreign non-legislated settings. Promoting of safe cycling practices regardless of location has utility and warrants discussion within the disciplines of travel medicine and road safety. It is recommended before cycling overseas that individuals familiarise themselves with road rules, right of way, cycling infrastructure and the general conduct of other cyclists. Route planning will also likely be faciliated by this familiarisation and enable strategic sightseeing opportunities.
背景:游客骑自行车的参与度越来越高;然而，自行车头盔的使用并没有在国际上得到广泛的强制执行。探索假设的头盔使用意图，当居民在国外地点骑自行车时，在他们的家庭环境中决定的能力被移除，提出了一个新的调查习惯和游客安全行为意图之间的关系。方法:昆士兰州(澳大利亚)居民(n=1,256)的昆士兰社会调查(电话调查)，探讨当前的自行车参与，假设骑车和头盔使用在海外旅行。获得伦理批准。进行了逆向logistic回归分析，以确定与假设的海外骑车和头盔使用显著相关的社会经济和健康特征。结果:三分之一(39.6%)的受访者表示他们可能会在海外骑行，这与最近在国内骑行有关(p < 0.01)。国内头盔使用情况与国外头盔使用情况相关(p < 0.01);自我报告的每次头盔使用周期是假设头盔在海外使用的正向预测因子(OR=10.78;95% ci = 2.04 - -47.67)。结论:来自家庭环境的安全习惯，可能由于立法而存在，可能会转移到国外的非立法环境。无论地点如何，促进安全骑行实践具有实用性，值得在旅行医学和道路安全学科内进行讨论。单车人士在前往海外前，应先熟悉道路规则、路权、单车基础设施及其他单车人士的一般行为。通过这种熟悉，路线规划也可能得到便利，并提供战略性的观光机会。
{"title":"Cycling Overseas: Decisions regarding helmet use","authors":"Jemma C King, R. Franklin, P. Leggat","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00295","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cycling engagement in tourists is increasing; yet, bicycle helmet usage is not widely mandated internationally. Exploring hypothetical helmet use intentions when cycling in a foreign location for residents were the ability to decide in their home setting is removed presents a novel enquiry into the relationship between habit and tourist safety behaviour intentions.\u0000 \u0000Methods: Queensland Social Survey (phone survey) of Queensland (Australia) residents (n=1,256) exploring current cycling participation, hypothetical cycling and helmet use whilst travelling overseas. Ethics approval was obtained. Backward logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the socio-economic and health characteristics that were significantly associated with hypothetical cycling and helmet use overseas.\u0000\u0000Results: One-third (39.6%) of respondents indicated they might cycle overseas and this was related to recent cycling engagement at home (p < 0.01). Helmet usage at home was related to hypothetical helmet use overseas (p < 0.01); with self-reported helmet use every time’ cycle a positive predictor of hypothetical helmet use overseas (OR=10.78; 95%CI=2.04-47.67). \u0000\u0000Conclusions: Safety habits from a home setting, which likely exist due to legislation, might transfer to a foreign non-legislated settings. Promoting of safe cycling practices regardless of location has utility and warrants discussion within the disciplines of travel medicine and road safety. It is recommended before cycling overseas that individuals familiarise themselves with road rules, right of way, cycling infrastructure and the general conduct of other cyclists. Route planning will also likely be faciliated by this familiarisation and enable strategic sightseeing opportunities.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46551794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00276
Joanne M. Bennett, E. Chekaluk, J. Batchelor
Currently in Australia medical fitness to drive decisions for people with dementia are largely conducted by front line medical practitioners. Little is known about the processes that these practitioners use to make these decisions, and how current guidelines assist in making determinations about driving capacity. A short survey was completed by 42 practitioners. The results of the survey supported previous findings that practitioners do not feel comfortable with making the decision regarding fitness to drive for people with dementia. Practitioners relied largely on self-report or informant information regarding current driving practices. Although practitioners reported that the level of cognitive functioning was the most important factor in determining safe driving, only 25% of practitioners employed cognitive assessments. Whilst the vast majority of practitioners were aware of the fitness to drive guidelines, over half did not find them to be sufficient in enabling determinations of driving capacity. Due to this, almost all practitioners reported that they believe they have missed cases of unsafe driving in this population with over 85% endorsing the need for a more objective tool. Significantly, over three quarters of practitioners reported that they have never received training on how to make fitness to drive decisions. Given that the current driver licensing system for people with dementia depends on medical fitness to drive reviews, the lack of confidence by practitioners regarding making fitness to drive decisions can have a detrimental impact on both the safety of the individual drivers, but also the community as a whole.
{"title":"Determining Fitness to Drive for Drivers with Dementia: A Medical Practitioner Perspective","authors":"Joanne M. Bennett, E. Chekaluk, J. Batchelor","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00276","url":null,"abstract":"Currently in Australia medical fitness to drive decisions for people with dementia are largely conducted by front line medical practitioners. Little is known about the processes that these practitioners use to make these decisions, and how current guidelines assist in making determinations about driving capacity. A short survey was completed by 42 practitioners. The results of the survey supported previous findings that practitioners do not feel comfortable with making the decision regarding fitness to drive for people with dementia. Practitioners relied largely on self-report or informant information regarding current driving practices. Although practitioners reported that the level of cognitive functioning was the most important factor in determining safe driving, only 25% of practitioners employed cognitive assessments. Whilst the vast majority of practitioners were aware of the fitness to drive guidelines, over half did not find them to be sufficient in enabling determinations of driving capacity. Due to this, almost all practitioners reported that they believe they have missed cases of unsafe driving in this population with over 85% endorsing the need for a more objective tool. Significantly, over three quarters of practitioners reported that they have never received training on how to make fitness to drive decisions. Given that the current driver licensing system for people with dementia depends on medical fitness to drive reviews, the lack of confidence by practitioners regarding making fitness to drive decisions can have a detrimental impact on both the safety of the individual drivers, but also the community as a whole.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43516027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","authors":"","doi":"10.33492/jacrs-30-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jacrs-30-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46850105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00252
L. Fin, N. Suhaimi, N. Nor, A. Ghani
The present study examined safe pedestrian behaviours according to the Malaysian Road Safety Education module among 7-year-old to 9-year-old children in Malaysia. A survey was conducted with a relatively large (n = 1206) random sample of children aged 7 to 9 years old, drawn from 24 selected schools in six states in Malaysia based on the highest numbers of crash cases. Analysis of one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in safe pedestrian behaviours between different ages. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean score of safe pedestrian behaviours for 7-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 8-year-old children (p = .004) and 9-year-old children (p = .021). No statistically significant difference was revealed between the 8-year-olds and 9-year-olds (p = .859) at the 0.05 level. Although many children reported safe pedestrian behaviours, low levels of certain safe pedestrian behaviours were also reported – less than 30% of the children aged 7 to 9 reported to ‘always’ wear bright clothes, walk against the traffic, and wave at the drivers to cross the road. In addition, a small percentage (9.9-13.6%) of children aged 7 to 9 also reported to ‘always’ wear dark clothes at night, cross the street between parked cars, and run to cross the road. These findings may inform programs to improve children’s safe pedestrian behaviours.
{"title":"Safe Pedestrian Behaviours among Children Aged 7 to 9 in Malaysia","authors":"L. Fin, N. Suhaimi, N. Nor, A. Ghani","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00252","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined safe pedestrian behaviours according to the Malaysian Road Safety Education module among 7-year-old to 9-year-old children in Malaysia. A survey was conducted with a relatively large (n = 1206) random sample of children aged 7 to 9 years old, drawn from 24 selected schools in six states in Malaysia based on the highest numbers of crash cases. Analysis of one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in safe pedestrian behaviours between different ages. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean score of safe pedestrian behaviours for 7-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 8-year-old children (p = .004) and 9-year-old children (p = .021). No statistically significant difference was revealed between the 8-year-olds and 9-year-olds (p = .859) at the 0.05 level. Although many children reported safe pedestrian behaviours, low levels of certain safe pedestrian behaviours were also reported – less than 30% of the children aged 7 to 9 reported to ‘always’ wear bright clothes, walk against the traffic, and wave at the drivers to cross the road. In addition, a small percentage (9.9-13.6%) of children aged 7 to 9 also reported to ‘always’ wear dark clothes at night, cross the street between parked cars, and run to cross the road. These findings may inform programs to improve children’s safe pedestrian behaviours.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45240578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00085
K. Young, R. Osborne, S. Koppel, J. Charlton, R. Grzebieta, A. Williamson, N. Haworth, J. Woolley, T. Senserrick
Using data from the Australian Naturalistic Driving Study (ANDS), this study examined patterns of secondary task engagement (e.g., mobile phone use, manipulating centre stack controls) during everyday driving trips to determine the type and duration of secondary task engaged in. Safety-related incidents associated with secondary task engagement were also examined. Results revealed that driver engagement in secondary tasks was frequent, with drivers engaging in one or more secondary tasks every 96 seconds, on average. However, drivers were more likely to initiate engagement in secondary tasks when the vehicle was stationary, suggesting that drivers do self-regulate the timing of task engagement to a certain degree. There was also evidence that drivers modified their engagement in a way suggestive of limiting their exposure to risk by engaging in some secondary tasks for shorter periods when the vehicle was moving compared to when it was stationary. Despite this, almost six percent of secondary tasks events were associated with a safety-related incident. The findings will be useful in targeting distraction countermeasures and policies and determining the effectiveness of these in managing driver distraction.
{"title":"What are Australian drivers doing behind the wheel? An overview of secondary task data from the Australian Naturalistic Driving Study","authors":"K. Young, R. Osborne, S. Koppel, J. Charlton, R. Grzebieta, A. Williamson, N. Haworth, J. Woolley, T. Senserrick","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00085","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from the Australian Naturalistic Driving Study (ANDS), this study examined patterns of secondary task engagement (e.g., mobile phone use, manipulating centre stack controls) during everyday driving trips to determine the type and duration of secondary task engaged in. Safety-related incidents associated with secondary task engagement were also examined. Results revealed that driver engagement in secondary tasks was frequent, with drivers engaging in one or more secondary tasks every 96 seconds, on average. However, drivers were more likely to initiate engagement in secondary tasks when the vehicle was stationary, suggesting that drivers do self-regulate the timing of task engagement to a certain degree. There was also evidence that drivers modified their engagement in a way suggestive of limiting their exposure to risk by engaging in some secondary tasks for shorter periods when the vehicle was moving compared to when it was stationary. Despite this, almost six percent of secondary tasks events were associated with a safety-related incident. The findings will be useful in targeting distraction countermeasures and policies and determining the effectiveness of these in managing driver distraction.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89361601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety – Volume 30, Issue 1, 2019","authors":"","doi":"10.33492/jacrs-30-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jacrs-30-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46859071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00291
S. Boufous, Ahmad Aboss
The study examined the framing of commuter and recreational cycling in Australian newspapers between 2010 and 2013. The number of newspaper articles on cycling over the study period increased by over 30% annually. The proportion of positive stories on cycling also increased from 46.2% in 2010 to 67.4% in 2012 before decreasing to 53.9% in 2013. There was a significantly higher proportion of negative stories amongst articles with a focus on cyclists (66.3%) compared to cycling (12.3%). “Cycling crashes” was the most common theme representing 38% of all published stories, followed by “cycling safety” (13.9%) and “cycling infrastructure” (13.1%). While positive coverage of cycling in major Australian newspapers seems to be on the increase, there is still a significant number of negative stories, particularly those reporting cyclist crashes. Building partnerships between cycling safety advocates and media reporters has the potential to improve the coverage of and public perception about cycling.
{"title":"Coverage of commuter and recreational cycling in major Australian newspapers","authors":"S. Boufous, Ahmad Aboss","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00291","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the framing of commuter and recreational cycling in Australian newspapers between 2010 and 2013. The number of newspaper articles on cycling over the study period increased by over 30% annually. The proportion of positive stories on cycling also increased from 46.2% in 2010 to 67.4% in 2012 before decreasing to 53.9% in 2013. There was a significantly higher proportion of negative stories amongst articles with a focus on cyclists (66.3%) compared to cycling (12.3%). “Cycling crashes” was the most common theme representing 38% of all published stories, followed by “cycling safety” (13.9%) and “cycling infrastructure” (13.1%). While positive coverage of cycling in major Australian newspapers seems to be on the increase, there is still a significant number of negative stories, particularly those reporting cyclist crashes. Building partnerships between cycling safety advocates and media reporters has the potential to improve the coverage of and public perception about cycling.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80354371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00005
E. Pharo
Distracted walking is one way that pedestrians increase their risk of injury, but little is known about the extent of the problem. I quantified the extent of phone use by pedestrians over seven hours at each of the 10 signalised crossings in central Hobart. Of the 16,032 people counted, 12.4% of pedestrians were using phones: 4.6% were reading or typing on their phone, 2.3% were talking and another 5.5% were listening to headphones. The latter figure will be an underestimate because of the difficulty of seeing headphones obscured by hats and long hair. At the busiest sites at two ends of a pedestrian mall, there were as many as 155 and 158 people in a one hour period looking down at their phones to read or type. Fortunately these two roads had slow moving vehicle traffic, meaning consequences of crashes would likely be minor. However, four of the sites crossed wide, 50kph, arterial roads, so a combination of responses will be needed to lower crash risk, including education, enforcement and consideration of safe road speeds.
{"title":"Extent of mobile phone use by pedestrians on controlled crossings in central Hobart, Tasmania","authors":"E. Pharo","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Distracted walking is one way that pedestrians increase their risk of injury, but little is known about the extent of the problem. I quantified the extent of phone use by pedestrians over seven hours at each of the 10 signalised crossings in central Hobart. Of the 16,032 people counted, 12.4% of pedestrians were using phones: 4.6% were reading or typing on their phone, 2.3% were talking and another 5.5% were listening to headphones. The latter figure will be an underestimate because of the difficulty of seeing headphones obscured by hats and long hair. At the busiest sites at two ends of a pedestrian mall, there were as many as 155 and 158 people in a one hour period looking down at their phones to read or type. Fortunately these two roads had slow moving vehicle traffic, meaning consequences of crashes would likely be minor. However, four of the sites crossed wide, 50kph, arterial roads, so a combination of responses will be needed to lower crash risk, including education, enforcement and consideration of safe road speeds.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"54 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77654820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：