{"title":"The Road","authors":"J. London","doi":"10.5406/j.ctvnwbxbq.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/j.ctvnwbxbq.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72570186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00293
A. Stephens, M. Fitzharris
To understand the current prevalence of aggressive acts on Australian roads, a large cross-sectional survey was conducted inviting drivers from all Australian jurisdictions to participate. A stratified sampling procedure was undertaken to ensure the age and gender distributions were representative of each jurisdiction. Participants were asked to report the frequency of aggressive driving behaviours as well as speeding, drink-driving and mobile phone usage while driving. Recent crash history was also obtained. The sample consisted of 2,916 drivers (males = 45%) with an average age of 42 (±16) years. Minor aggressive behaviours such as expressing annoyance to other drivers and sounding the horn in anger were reported by the majority of the sample (60% and 70% respectively). More extreme behaviour such as chasing another driver when angry was less common, however still reported by 18% of the overall sample. Aggressive driving behaviours were more common in younger, male drivers with 36% of drivers aged 22 to 39 reporting extreme aggression. Associations were found between aggressive driving with crash involvement and other forms of risky driving behaviour. The results show that aggressive driving is a problem on Australian roads. Further research is warranted to explore where aggressive driving fits within an overall risky driving pattern of behaviour, what attitudes drivers hold toward aggressive driving, and how to target the reduction of these behaviours.
{"title":"The frequency and nature of aggressive acts on Australian roads","authors":"A. Stephens, M. Fitzharris","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00293","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the current prevalence of aggressive acts on Australian roads, a large cross-sectional survey was conducted inviting drivers from all Australian jurisdictions to participate. A stratified sampling procedure was undertaken to ensure the age and gender distributions were representative of each jurisdiction. Participants were asked to report the frequency of aggressive driving behaviours as well as speeding, drink-driving and mobile phone usage while driving. Recent crash history was also obtained. The sample consisted of 2,916 drivers (males = 45%) with an average age of 42 (±16) years. Minor aggressive behaviours such as expressing annoyance to other drivers and sounding the horn in anger were reported by the majority of the sample (60% and 70% respectively). More extreme behaviour such as chasing another driver when angry was less common, however still reported by 18% of the overall sample. Aggressive driving behaviours were more common in younger, male drivers with 36% of drivers aged 22 to 39 reporting extreme aggression. Associations were found between aggressive driving with crash involvement and other forms of risky driving behaviour. The results show that aggressive driving is a problem on Australian roads. Further research is warranted to explore where aggressive driving fits within an overall risky driving pattern of behaviour, what attitudes drivers hold toward aggressive driving, and how to target the reduction of these behaviours.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42230136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00114
L. Hirsch, H. Mackie, Richard Scott, J. D. Pont, Simon Douglas, D. Thomsen
There is an increased risk of death or serious injury for occupants who did not wear a seat belt in a crash. In New Zealand, between 2006 and 2016, the non-use of seat belts accounted for 19-30% of the overall motor vehicle road deaths, and this figure shows no sign of decreasing. It is important to better understand the contextual factors associated with crashes where seat belts are not worn, so that more relevant and effective road safety interventions can be designed and implemented. The aim of this research was to determine the profiles for seat belt non-users who were killed in motor vehicle crashes in New Zealand between 2011 and 2015. An in-depth analysis of 200 fatalities where seat belts were not worn (186 crash cases) was carried out following a Safe System framework, using NZ Police reports. Following this, a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) developed five profiles of vehicle occupants who were killed in crashes where seat belts were not worn. While the stereotypical ‘young risky’ males were an important group, a range of other people and contexts emerged: ‘driving for work’; ‘elderly and retired’; ‘overseas passengers’; and ‘people driving in rural settings’. This has implications for tailored road safety interventions, as a variety of motivations and influences are likely to be at play, depending on the people involved.
{"title":"For whom didn’t it click? A study of the non-use of seat belts in motor vehicle fatalities in New Zealand","authors":"L. Hirsch, H. Mackie, Richard Scott, J. D. Pont, Simon Douglas, D. Thomsen","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00114","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increased risk of death or serious injury for occupants who did not wear a seat belt in a crash. In New Zealand, between 2006 and 2016, the non-use of seat belts accounted for 19-30% of the overall motor vehicle road deaths, and this figure shows no sign of decreasing. It is important to better understand the contextual factors associated with crashes where seat belts are not worn, so that more relevant and effective road safety interventions can be designed and implemented. The aim of this research was to determine the profiles for seat belt non-users who were killed in motor vehicle crashes in New Zealand between 2011 and 2015. An in-depth analysis of 200 fatalities where seat belts were not worn (186 crash cases) was carried out following a Safe System framework, using NZ Police reports. Following this, a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) developed five profiles of vehicle occupants who were killed in crashes where seat belts were not worn. While the stereotypical ‘young risky’ males were an important group, a range of other people and contexts emerged: ‘driving for work’; ‘elderly and retired’; ‘overseas passengers’; and ‘people driving in rural settings’. This has implications for tailored road safety interventions, as a variety of motivations and influences are likely to be at play, depending on the people involved.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42286995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00297
G. Ngwira, B. Bolaane, Bhagabat Parida
Pedestrian behaviour is one of the major contributors to road fatalities. The negative binomial regression model was found to better agree with road fatality data, and this study used this model to assess the influence of pedestrian behaviour factors on road fatalities in Malawi. The data used in this analysis were crash reports of pedestrian behaviour factors and observed fatalities for the period 2000–2015 obtained from the national database, except for the 2013 data, which were disregarded because they appeared to be incomplete. Whereas pedestrian behaviour factors of walking on roads, crossing outside pedestrian crossings, and other negligent and careless behaviours were found to be positively correlated with road deaths, indicating that road-related fatalities increased with increasing input data, factors of being under the influence of alcohol and crossing at pedestrian crossings demonstrated negligible influence. The study also found that there was a 1% increase in the number of crash deaths for every additional fatal crash involving pedestrians walking on roads. Moreover, an additional 0.5% increase in the number of fatalities was recorded for every fatal crash involving a pedestrian behaviour factor of crossing outside the pedestrian crossing or other negligent behaviour. An increase of 0.3% in the number of the fatalities was seen for every extra fatal crash caused by crossing carelessly or factors other than pedestrian behaviour. Despite coefficient values being small in all variables, which is a major limitation of this study, enforcement can prioritise those variables that increase road-related fatalities or even couple them with other risk factors such as speed.
{"title":"Road Traffic Fatalities in Malawi: The Role of Pedestrian Behaviour Factors","authors":"G. Ngwira, B. Bolaane, Bhagabat Parida","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00297","url":null,"abstract":"Pedestrian behaviour is one of the major contributors to road fatalities. The negative binomial regression model was found to better agree with road fatality data, and this study used this model to assess the influence of pedestrian behaviour factors on road fatalities in Malawi. The data used in this analysis were crash reports of pedestrian behaviour factors and observed fatalities for the period 2000–2015 obtained from the national database, except for the 2013 data, which were disregarded because they appeared to be incomplete. Whereas pedestrian behaviour factors of walking on roads, crossing outside pedestrian crossings, and other negligent and careless behaviours were found to be positively correlated with road deaths, indicating that road-related fatalities increased with increasing input data, factors of being under the influence of alcohol and crossing at pedestrian crossings demonstrated negligible influence. The study also found that there was a 1% increase in the number of crash deaths for every additional fatal crash involving pedestrians walking on roads. Moreover, an additional 0.5% increase in the number of fatalities was recorded for every fatal crash involving a pedestrian behaviour factor of crossing outside the pedestrian crossing or other negligent behaviour. An increase of 0.3% in the number of the fatalities was seen for every extra fatal crash caused by crossing carelessly or factors other than pedestrian behaviour. Despite coefficient values being small in all variables, which is a major limitation of this study, enforcement can prioritise those variables that increase road-related fatalities or even couple them with other risk factors such as speed.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45757225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00064
A. Karndacharuk, P. Hillier
Although there is good awareness of road safety audit as a proactive technique for identifying and mitigating road safety related risks throughout Australasia and internationally, local practices in procuring, managing and conducting audits can vary between jurisdictions. This paper provides an overview of recent policy developments and practical guidance in managing road safety audits in Australia and New Zealand. Based on the update (Austroads 2019) of Austroads Guide to Road Safety Part 6 (AGRS), the guidance aims at maximizing alignment with Safe System principles by integrating them into the audit process. This is achieved through improved awareness of practitioners new to the principles and concepts (especially project clients and project managers) and promoting the conduct of audits to realise their harm minimisation benefits.
{"title":"Contemporary Guidance on Management of Road Safety Audits","authors":"A. Karndacharuk, P. Hillier","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00064","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is good awareness of road safety audit as a proactive technique for identifying and mitigating road safety related risks throughout Australasia and internationally, local practices in procuring, managing and conducting audits can vary between jurisdictions. This paper provides an overview of recent policy developments and practical guidance in managing road safety audits in Australia and New Zealand.\u0000\u0000Based on the update (Austroads 2019) of Austroads Guide to Road Safety Part 6 (AGRS), the guidance aims at maximizing alignment with Safe System principles by integrating them into the audit process. This is achieved through improved awareness of practitioners new to the principles and concepts (especially project clients and project managers) and promoting the conduct of audits to realise their harm minimisation benefits.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49357522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00111
S. Turner, F. Tate, G. Wood
Alternative intersection layouts may reduce traffic delays and/or improve road safety. Two alternatives are reviewed in this research: ‘priority-controlled Seagull intersections’ and ‘priority-controlled intersections with a Left Turn Slip Lane’. Seagull intersections are used to reduce traffic delays. Some do experience high crash rates, however. Left Turn Slip Lanes allow turning traffic to move clear of the through traffic before decelerating, thereby reducing the risk of rear-end crashes. Although there is debate about the safety problems that occur at Seagull intersections and Left Turn Slip Lanes there has been very little research to quantify the safety impact of different layouts. In this study, crash prediction models have been developed to quantify the effect of various Seagull intersection and Left Turn Slip Lane designs on the key crash types that occur at priority intersections. The analysis showed that seagulls are not safe on 4-lane roads, that roadway features like kerb-side parking and nearby intersections can increase crash rates and that left turners in LTSLs can restrict visibility and create safety problems.
{"title":"The crash performance of seagull intersections and intersections with left turn slip lanes","authors":"S. Turner, F. Tate, G. Wood","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00111","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative intersection layouts may reduce traffic delays and/or improve road safety. Two alternatives are reviewed in this research: ‘priority-controlled Seagull intersections’ and ‘priority-controlled intersections with a Left Turn Slip Lane’. Seagull intersections are used to reduce traffic delays. Some do experience high crash rates, however. Left Turn Slip Lanes allow turning traffic to move clear of the through traffic before decelerating, thereby reducing the risk of rear-end crashes. Although there is debate about the safety problems that occur at Seagull intersections and Left Turn Slip Lanes there has been very little research to quantify the safety impact of different layouts. In this study, crash prediction models have been developed to quantify the effect of various Seagull intersection and Left Turn Slip Lane designs on the key crash types that occur at priority intersections. The analysis showed that seagulls are not safe on 4-lane roads, that roadway features like kerb-side parking and nearby intersections can increase crash rates and that left turners in LTSLs can restrict visibility and create safety problems.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42007822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00281
B. Turner, Rob Partridge, S. Turner, B. Corben, J. Woolley, Christopher S. Stokes, J. Oxley, K. Stephan, L. Steinmetz
Urban arterials and intersections account for a large proportion of high severity crashes in Australia and New Zealand, particularly involving vulnerable road users. Safety gains appear to be slower in these ‘mixed use’ environments than in other areas. Austroads commissioned research to help identify solutions that might be applied on mixed use arterial roads to improve safety through the provision of Safe System infrastructure. The project involved assessment of six case studies around Australia and New Zealand. Concept designs were developed for each of the routes based on analysis of safety issues and the likely safety benefits were assessed. This paper presents information on the safety solutions identified, as well as the broader issues that need to be considered when addressing safety on mixed use urban arterial roads.
{"title":"Safety solutions on mixed use urban arterial roads","authors":"B. Turner, Rob Partridge, S. Turner, B. Corben, J. Woolley, Christopher S. Stokes, J. Oxley, K. Stephan, L. Steinmetz","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00281","url":null,"abstract":"Urban arterials and intersections account for a large proportion of high severity crashes in Australia and New Zealand, particularly involving vulnerable road users. Safety gains appear to be slower in these ‘mixed use’ environments than in other areas. Austroads commissioned research to help identify solutions that might be applied on mixed use arterial roads to improve safety through the provision of Safe System infrastructure.\u0000\u0000The project involved assessment of six case studies around Australia and New Zealand. Concept designs were developed for each of the routes based on analysis of safety issues and the likely safety benefits were assessed. This paper presents information on the safety solutions identified, as well as the broader issues that need to be considered when addressing safety on mixed use urban arterial roads.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49490758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00108
P. Durdin, K. Clark, J. Draper
Half of all vehicle kilometres travelled and 62% of all deaths and serious injuries in New Zealand occur on local government roads. The upward trend in road trauma has revealed a growing disparity in safety performance between locally and centrally managed roads. The increasing gap, which is mirrored by differing levels of investment, was the stimulus behind a national project to understand the dynamics of local government road safety delivery and investment. Engagement workshops with local councils throughout New Zealand uncovered an array of common challenges – some of which were not anticipated when the project commenced.
{"title":"Exploring Local Government Challenges in Effective Road Safety Delivery","authors":"P. Durdin, K. Clark, J. Draper","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00108","url":null,"abstract":"Half of all vehicle kilometres travelled and 62% of all deaths and serious injuries in New Zealand occur on local government roads. The upward trend in road trauma has revealed a growing disparity in safety performance between locally and centrally managed roads. The increasing gap, which is mirrored by differing levels of investment, was the stimulus behind a national project to understand the dynamics of local government road safety delivery and investment. Engagement workshops with local councils throughout New Zealand uncovered an array of common challenges – some of which were not anticipated\u0000when the project commenced.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45769910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00065
A. Karndacharuk, D. Mctiernan
In the context of the Safe System approach for harm minimisation where fatal and serious injuries are not accepted as inevitable costs of mobility in any transport system, there is an increasing need to consider implementing speed limits within the biological tolerance of road users. The need to implement speed limits lower than 40 km/h in an urban area with high pedestrian movement and activity has been recognised by an Australian state road agency. Through a literature review, stakeholder consultation with road transport agencies in Australia and New Zealand and a Safe System analysis, this paper presents the development of guiding principles in implementing 30 km/h speed limits and zones in Australasia. The implementation principles have been developed to inform a revision of the existing speed zoning guidelines and its applications within the jurisdiction, which are also applicable elsewhere across Australasia and internationally.
{"title":"Implementation Principles for 30 km/h Speed Limits and Zones","authors":"A. Karndacharuk, D. Mctiernan","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00065","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the Safe System approach for harm minimisation where fatal and serious injuries are not accepted as inevitable costs of mobility in any transport system, there is an increasing need to consider implementing speed limits within the biological tolerance of road users. The need to implement speed limits lower than 40 km/h in an urban area with high pedestrian movement and activity has been recognised by an Australian state road agency. Through a literature review, stakeholder consultation with road transport agencies in Australia and New Zealand and a Safe System analysis, this paper presents the development of guiding principles in implementing 30 km/h speed limits and zones in Australasia. The implementation principles have been developed to inform a revision of the existing speed zoning guidelines and its applications within the jurisdiction, which are also applicable elsewhere across Australasia and internationally.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45752210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00178
Christopher S. Stokes, S. Raftery, J. Woolley
This study examined driver perceptions of safety at metro and regional intersections with different types of control. Data were collected using an on-line survey with 696 participants drawn from the Royal Automobile Association of South Australia’s Member Panel. Results demonstrate a greater perception of safety associated with the use of roundabouts, yet a reduced perception of safety associated with a lesser known Safe System aligned design of raised plateaus, suggesting a need for greater public awareness of the benefits of less well-known treatments.
{"title":"Road user perception of safety at Safe System intersections","authors":"Christopher S. Stokes, S. Raftery, J. Woolley","doi":"10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/JACRS-D-18-00178","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined driver perceptions of safety at metro and regional intersections with different types of control. Data were collected using an on-line survey with 696 participants drawn from the Royal Automobile Association of South Australia’s Member Panel. Results demonstrate a greater perception of safety associated with the use of roundabouts, yet a reduced perception of safety associated with a lesser known Safe System aligned design of raised plateaus, suggesting a need for greater public awareness of the benefits of less well-known treatments.","PeriodicalId":43503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41912985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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