The article presents some of the results of a study of the state of administrative services in local administration in Bulgaria. The research is conducted within the framework of research contract № NID NI-2/2019 of UNWE on the topic: Integrated model for administrative services at the local executive administration. The research is of a practical and applied nature and covers the two programming periods of Bulgaria’s membership in the European Union. The results of two independent studies are presented: a study of implemented municipal projects for improvement of administrative services; a survey for establishment of the current state of administrative services at local level. The main problems and challenges for the administrative service in the municipal administration are summarized.
{"title":"Research on the Status and Development of Administrative Services in Local Administration in Bulgaria","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents some of the results of a study of the state of administrative services in local administration in Bulgaria. The research is conducted within the framework of research contract № NID NI-2/2019 of UNWE on the topic: Integrated model for administrative services at the local executive administration. The research is of a practical and applied nature and covers the two programming periods of Bulgaria’s membership in the European Union. The results of two independent studies are presented: a study of implemented municipal projects for improvement of administrative services; a survey for establishment of the current state of administrative services at local level. The main problems and challenges for the administrative service in the municipal administration are summarized.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133438366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses issues related to digital administration and the adoption of rules for working in a home office. Following the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, the issue of working in a home office has become increasingly important. This issue in the Republic of Bulgaria was regulated in 2011 in the Labor Code. It turns out that at the moment the regulations for working remotely in a home office are outdated and inapplicable in today’s dynamic times of development and globalization. In order to compensate for this gap in the legislation and to meet modern requirements, it is necessary for the heads of each digital administration to approve rules for work in the home office, which will specify and fill the missing niches in the legislation, to the current moment, until the implementation of the legislative change.
{"title":"Digital Administration and Approval of Home Office Work Rules","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses issues related to digital administration and the adoption of rules for working in a home office. Following the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, the issue of working in a home office has become increasingly important. This issue in the Republic of Bulgaria was regulated in 2011 in the Labor Code. It turns out that at the moment the regulations for working remotely in a home office are outdated and inapplicable in today’s dynamic times of development and globalization. In order to compensate for this gap in the legislation and to meet modern requirements, it is necessary for the heads of each digital administration to approve rules for work in the home office, which will specify and fill the missing niches in the legislation, to the current moment, until the implementation of the legislative change.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123890054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The publication examines the main aspects of female entrepreneurship in Bulgaria. Key issues on the entrepreneurial profile of women starting and running their own business, as well as gender equality in this field are explored. The strengths and the need for specific support for women who create and develop entrepreneurial activities are discussed. In total, 178 women entrepreneurs with different education and age have been surveyed. Their companies also differ in size and activity. Bulgarian women entrepreneurs are mainly with higher education – economic or technical. About half of their companies have been established before 2008, operating mainly in services and trade. According to the results of the study, women believe that they have equal chances with men for success in starting and developing a business. The support they prefer mainly includes providing access to financial resources, promoting successful examples of women entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship training. Their most powerful weapons in business include: communication, intuition, adaptability.
{"title":"Female Entrepreneurship: Basic Characteristics, Equality, Support","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"The publication examines the main aspects of female entrepreneurship in Bulgaria. Key issues on the entrepreneurial profile of women starting and running their own business, as well as gender equality in this field are explored. The strengths and the need for specific support for women who create and develop entrepreneurial activities are discussed. In total, 178 women entrepreneurs with different education and age have been surveyed. Their companies also differ in size and activity. Bulgarian women entrepreneurs are mainly with higher education – economic or technical. About half of their companies have been established before 2008, operating mainly in services and trade. According to the results of the study, women believe that they have equal chances with men for success in starting and developing a business. The support they prefer mainly includes providing access to financial resources, promoting successful examples of women entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship training. Their most powerful weapons in business include: communication, intuition, adaptability.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127875859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on an actual and objective observation of the processes in Bulgarian administrations, it is possible to summarize the assumption that the relatively high number of civil servants leaving the executive power administration and the relatively short period of time they work in, are due to several factors: In the first place, a lack of substantial and clear perspective of professional development and career path planning for each civil servant. Second, the relatively poor atmosphere (micro-climate) in several divisions and departments in the administration. Third, the lack of sense of belonging / esprit de corps (strong organizational culture) to the government’s executive power administrations. It is not prestigious to work for the administration. Fourth, the work overload of certain civil servants compensating for others. This in turn increases the risks of errors and mistakes by the former. The relatively lower salaries in comparison to the private sector are only in fifth place.
{"title":"Turnover of Civil Servants in the Executive Power Administration","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.4.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.4.08","url":null,"abstract":"Based on an actual and objective observation of the processes in Bulgarian administrations, it is possible to summarize the assumption that the relatively high number of civil servants leaving the executive power administration and the relatively short period of time they work in, are due to several factors: In the first place, a lack of substantial and clear perspective of professional development and career path planning for each civil servant. Second, the relatively poor atmosphere (micro-climate) in several divisions and departments in the administration. Third, the lack of sense of belonging / esprit de corps (strong organizational culture) to the government’s executive power administrations. It is not prestigious to work for the administration. Fourth, the work overload of certain civil servants compensating for others. This in turn increases the risks of errors and mistakes by the former. The relatively lower salaries in comparison to the private sector are only in fifth place.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114571023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents recent empirical data from a national representative survey amongst Bulgarian employees, conducted within the framework of a project implementation by BICA studying undeclared work and the risks of its occurrence in enterprises. The study focuses on establishing, explaining and analyzing the relationships between the nature of employment and its duration and the propensity of undeclared work emergence, taking into account the growing spread of atypical forms of employment coupled with accelerated digitalization. The risks of inclusion in undeclared work practices of different categories of people, according to their basic characteristics, such as educational status, qualification and professional and specific experience in employment, have also been studied. The article presents new empirical data, which is valuable for allowing, based on their analysis, the formulation of relevant policies and measures for reducing and preventing undeclared work.
{"title":"Vulnerability and Risks of Undeclared Work through the Eyes of Employees from Bulgarian Economy","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents recent empirical data from a national representative survey amongst Bulgarian employees, conducted within the framework of a project implementation by BICA studying undeclared work and the risks of its occurrence in enterprises. The study focuses on establishing, explaining and analyzing the relationships between the nature of employment and its duration and the propensity of undeclared work emergence, taking into account the growing spread of atypical forms of employment coupled with accelerated digitalization. The risks of inclusion in undeclared work practices of different categories of people, according to their basic characteristics, such as educational status, qualification and professional and specific experience in employment, have also been studied. The article presents new empirical data, which is valuable for allowing, based on their analysis, the formulation of relevant policies and measures for reducing and preventing undeclared work.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122880510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problems associated with the application of bankruptcy prediction models are of a wide range. A review of the literature shows the lack of a uniform definition of bankruptcy. The existing diversity in the definitions of bankruptcy complicates the comparability of the different studies, hence why it is considered appropriate to take the specific definition of bankruptcy that the bankruptcy prediction models are based on into account when applying them in practice. The selection of companies in the various studies has also been the subject of much criticism. The literature also raises the question of the quality of accounting information. There are also discussions about which indicators should be included in the models. Many studies have demonstrated the benefits of including market information as well as non-financial information in bankruptcy risk analysis. There is also no consensus on the statement that data on the cash flow of companies should be used to increase the predictive power of the models.
{"title":"Limitations in the Applicability of Bankruptcy Prediction Models","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The problems associated with the application of bankruptcy prediction models are of a wide range. A review of the literature shows the lack of a uniform definition of bankruptcy. The existing diversity in the definitions of bankruptcy complicates the comparability of the different studies, hence why it is considered appropriate to take the specific definition of bankruptcy that the bankruptcy prediction models are based on into account when applying them in practice. The selection of companies in the various studies has also been the subject of much criticism. The literature also raises the question of the quality of accounting information. There are also discussions about which indicators should be included in the models. Many studies have demonstrated the benefits of including market information as well as non-financial information in bankruptcy risk analysis. There is also no consensus on the statement that data on the cash flow of companies should be used to increase the predictive power of the models.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128573364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On July 10 2020 Bulgaria joined the preparatory mechanism for the Eurozone ERM II, but the opinions expressed are still divided. The author’s opinion is that in the debate for or against Bulgaria joining the Eurozone, the actual data provides the strongest arguments. Economic indicators and facts about five former socialist countries that are already in the Eurozone are presented in the paper. There are solid arguments in favor of joining in the analysis of the three Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as Slovenia and Slovakia. These countries’ development as part of the monetary union and their economic indicators after this important step show their goal for real convergence with developed European economies. The author accepts two issues as especially important – what happens to inflation in these economies after joining the Eurozone and what the comparison concerning real convergence shows. Croatia, along with Bulgaria, has become a part of ERM II and the Banking Union, hence why it is also included in the analysis.
{"title":"Bulgaria in the Eurozone – Other Countries’ Experience and Comparisons","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"On July 10 2020 Bulgaria joined the preparatory mechanism for the Eurozone ERM II, but the opinions expressed are still divided. The author’s opinion is that in the debate for or against Bulgaria joining the Eurozone, the actual data provides the strongest arguments. Economic indicators and facts about five former socialist countries that are already in the Eurozone are presented in the paper. There are solid arguments in favor of joining in the analysis of the three Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as Slovenia and Slovakia. These countries’ development as part of the monetary union and their economic indicators after this important step show their goal for real convergence with developed European economies. The author accepts two issues as especially important – what happens to inflation in these economies after joining the Eurozone and what the comparison concerning real convergence shows. Croatia, along with Bulgaria, has become a part of ERM II and the Banking Union, hence why it is also included in the analysis.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132344944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quantative and qualitative features of human resources impact the revenue of retail chains. The article’s target of research are ten retail chains with the highest revenue. These are Kaufland Bulgaria, Lidl Bulgaria, Metro Cash & Carry Bulgaria, Billa Bulgaria, Technopolis Bulgaria, Fantastiko, Technomarket Bulgaria, Maxima Bulgaria (Т Market), Zora М.М.С and Praktiker Retail. The subject of research is the quantitative impact of human resources on revenue. The purpose is to outline the trends in employment of human resources and to reveal the quantitative influence of employees’ number and productivity on the revenue and the bottom line of retail chains. The research period is from 2016 to 2018.
{"title":"A Case Study of the Impact of Human Resources on Trade Revenues","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The quantative and qualitative features of human resources impact the revenue of retail chains. The article’s target of research are ten retail chains with the highest revenue. These are Kaufland Bulgaria, Lidl Bulgaria, Metro Cash & Carry Bulgaria, Billa Bulgaria, Technopolis Bulgaria, Fantastiko, Technomarket Bulgaria, Maxima Bulgaria (Т Market), Zora М.М.С and Praktiker Retail. The subject of research is the quantitative impact of human resources on revenue. The purpose is to outline the trends in employment of human resources and to reveal the quantitative influence of employees’ number and productivity on the revenue and the bottom line of retail chains. The research period is from 2016 to 2018.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115183307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the rethinking and rediscovery of “civilization” and “civilizations” as a theoretical perspective in contemporary sociology. In a broader historical context, the trajectories and interactions of social sciences with the civilizational concept are traced, within which the self-determination of sociology has taken place, as well as the construction and transformation of its research programs. The new development of the civilizational dimensions in sociological analysis, which began after the 1970s, stands out, based on the classical sources of the French and German schools of thought, and further developed as an alternative to the one-sided “cultural” and “social” reductionism and determinism in sociology. The article draws attention to the important contributions and the original theoretical concepts of S.H. Eisenstadt and J.P. Arnason, which have wide international recognition, but are relatively little known in Bulgaria. Overcoming the dominance of culture as a civilization-forming factor allows these authors to develop broader theoretical and interpretive models. They are centered on the relationship between culture and other fields of social life, including the structures of political and economic power, and are considered in the specific temporal and spatial context of the accompanying intercivilizational encounters. The place and importance of the problems of civilizations in different analytical perspectives and theoretical directions are outlined, as well as the opportunities it offers for the study of contemporary processes and political realities.
{"title":"Development of the Civilizational Perspective in Sociological Analysis in the Last Decades","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the rethinking and rediscovery of “civilization” and “civilizations” as a theoretical perspective in contemporary sociology. In a broader historical context, the trajectories and interactions of social sciences with the civilizational concept are traced, within which the self-determination of sociology has taken place, as well as the construction and transformation of its research programs. The new development of the civilizational dimensions in sociological analysis, which began after the 1970s, stands out, based on the classical sources of the French and German schools of thought, and further developed as an alternative to the one-sided “cultural” and “social” reductionism and determinism in sociology. The article draws attention to the important contributions and the original theoretical concepts of S.H. Eisenstadt and J.P. Arnason, which have wide international recognition, but are relatively little known in Bulgaria. Overcoming the dominance of culture as a civilization-forming factor allows these authors to develop broader theoretical and interpretive models. They are centered on the relationship between culture and other fields of social life, including the structures of political and economic power, and are considered in the specific temporal and spatial context of the accompanying intercivilizational encounters. The place and importance of the problems of civilizations in different analytical perspectives and theoretical directions are outlined, as well as the opportunities it offers for the study of contemporary processes and political realities.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a procedure for detailed deterministic modeling of bank valuation from the point of view of an outside observer, which is applied individually for First and Second Group banks in Bulgaria. The margin variables participating in the deterministic model, expressing the revenue and expenditure interest and non-interest margins, are combined in one generalized margin variable, and the volumes of balance sheets positions are represented by the value of bank-attracted resources. The results obtained from the application of the deterministic valuation model are compared with their book value, and for some of the smaller banks there are significant deviations between the valuation result and their book value.
{"title":"Valuation of Banks in Bulgaria Using the DCF Method","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2021.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2021.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a procedure for detailed deterministic modeling of bank valuation from the point of view of an outside observer, which is applied individually for First and Second Group banks in Bulgaria. The margin variables participating in the deterministic model, expressing the revenue and expenditure interest and non-interest margins, are combined in one generalized margin variable, and the volumes of balance sheets positions are represented by the value of bank-attracted resources. The results obtained from the application of the deterministic valuation model are compared with their book value, and for some of the smaller banks there are significant deviations between the valuation result and their book value.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126947730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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