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Bacterial Core Flooding on Limestone Artificial Core for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) Application 石灰石人工岩心细菌驱油微生物提高采收率
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.10811
Sinta Setyaningrum
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) is a tertiary methods to increase oil production using bioproduct of microorganisms form acidic compounds, gases, polymers, and surfactants, as an agent that can alter the characteristics of the reservoir rock and oil. Previous laboratory research indicated that bacterial isolates indigen from petroleum reservoir, MSD4 and MSD5, with the amount of inoculum ratio 1:1 in recovery medium can reduce the viscosity value and interfacial tension of oil. The aim of this research was to determine the amount of oil recovery from low saturated oil in  limestone artificial core by using bacterial core flooding method, also to determine the physical character and chemical character changes in limestone rocks and petroleum. Each bacteria, MSD4 and MSD5, were adapted to the medium SMSS that have been added by 5% oil. Inoculum of indigen bacterial cultures to be injected into the limestone core was bred in the SMSS culture medium added molasses with a varied amount, as much as 1%, 2%, and 3%. From the those variation, the amount of molasses added as much as 1% in the medium SMSS, is known that MSD4 and MSD5 cultures can grow to the highest μ respectively at the age of 16-hour and 24-hour with a value at 0.9992 hours-1 and 0, 9993 hours-1. Inoculum MSD4 and MSD5 cultures with the amount of 1:1 ratio and each bacterial cell density 107-108 cells/mL, were injected into artificial limestone cores with oil saturated less than 15%. The value of rock porosity range used for the simulation of bacterial flooding is 37% -42%, while permeability range used low permeability value (1mD-10mD) and fair permeability value (10mD-50mD). High oil recovery factor (RF%) were obtained from bacterial flooding simulation and incubated for 7 days in a temperature of 55°C on medium SMSS for cores with low permeability values and fair, has a range of 16,3% - 32% and 12% -15,3%. The result of microorganisms activity in limestone rocks from a change on physical character, have a range at -41,8% - 698% on permeability value and a range at -63,85% - 1,03% on porosity value. Indicator of bacterial attachment on limestone cores can be determined by photomicrographs analyzing Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.
微生物提高采收率(MEOR)是利用微生物的生物产物形成酸性化合物、气体、聚合物和表面活性剂,作为一种改变储层岩石和石油特性的药剂,来提高石油产量的第三种方法。以往的实验室研究表明,从油藏中分离出的原生细菌MSD4和MSD5,在采收介质中接种量比为1:1,可以降低油的黏度值和界面张力。利用细菌岩心驱油法测定低饱和油在石灰岩人工岩心中的采收率,并测定石灰岩岩石和石油的物理性质和化学性质变化。每种细菌MSD4和MSD5都适应于添加5%油的培养基SMSS。将原生细菌培养物接种到石灰石芯中,在添加糖蜜的SMSS培养基中进行培养,糖蜜的添加量不同,可达1%、2%和3%。从这些变化来看,在培养基中添加1%的糖蜜,MSD4和MSD5的培养在16小时和24小时时分别达到最高的μ值,分别为0.9992小时-1和0.9993小时-1。接种MSD4和MSD5培养物,接种量为1:1,每个细菌细胞密度为107-108个/mL,注入油饱和度小于15%的人工石灰石岩心中。模拟细菌驱的岩石孔隙度范围为37% ~ 42%,渗透率范围为低渗透率(1md ~ 10md)和中等渗透率(10md ~ 50md)。通过细菌驱模拟获得了高采收率(RF%),并在55°C的中等SMSS温度下对低渗透率的岩心进行了7天的培养,范围为16.3% - 32%和12% - 15.3%。石灰石中微生物活动的结果是物理性质的变化,渗透率值的变化范围为- 41.8% ~ 698%,孔隙度值的变化范围为- 63.85% ~ 1.03%。石灰石岩心细菌附着指示剂可通过显微照片、扫描电镜和x射线能谱分析确定。
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引用次数: 0
ANALISA PENGARUH SALINITAS DAN KONSENTRAS SURFAKTAN AOS 2% DAN 3% DENGAN PENGARUH CAMPURAN AIR KULIT NANAS TERHADAP PEROLEHAN MINYAK PADA SAAT PROSES INJEKSI SURFAKTAN 分析盐碱化和结节对AOS 2%和3%的影响,以及菠萝皮水在注射过程中对石油获取的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.9977
Ferry Fernando, Samsol Samsol, Harin Widyatni
Metode EOR merupakan salah satu cara yang biasa dipergunakan agar produksi minyak dari suatu reservoir semakin meningkat. Salah satu metoda EOR yang biasa dipergunakan yaitu injeksi surfaktan. Fungsi injeksi surfaktan ini shingga nanti terjadi penurunan IFT (Interfacial Tension) minyak dengan air sehingga nanti berkurangnya tekanan kapiler di daerah penyempitan pori-pori sehingga minyak yang tersisa di daerah mendapat pengaruh dari tekanan kapiler itu agar bisa didorong untuk berikutnya bisa dilakukan produksi. Dalam tugas akhir ini akan dibahas mengenai pengaruh surfaktan dengan penambahan air kulit nanas terhadap perolehan minyak yang paling optimal. Salinitas yang dipergunakan untuk tugas akhir ini beragam, yaitu 4000 ppm dan 15000 ppm. Dari kedua salinitas tersebut selanjutnya dicampurkan dengan surfaktan AOS dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 2,5 %, dan 3 % dan penambahan larutan air kulit kulit nanas sebanayak 10%, selanjutya akan di lakukan uji fisik berupa pengukuran IFT, viskositas, dan juga densitas. Setelah dilakukan pengukuran tersebut maka selanjutnya merupakan proses saturasi dan injeksi. Selanjutnya melakukan perbandingan RF yang didapatkan dari menetapkan konsentrasi dan salinitas mana yang teroptimal terhadap tiap larutan salinitas itu.
EOR方法是增加油藏产量的常用方法之一。最常用的方法之一是注射一致疗法。这些注射的作用是:油与水的渗透性降低,从而降低了毛孔收缩区域的毛细管压力,从而对该地区剩余的油施加压力,以便为下一次生产提供燃料。在本期末作业中,将讨论菠萝皮溶液对最优油量油膏的影响。这一最终任务使用的盐度为4000 ppm和15000 ppm。这两种盐度随后与2.2%、3%的结合性和10%的凤尾鱼皮肤溶液混合,然后对IFT、粘度和密度进行物理测试。一旦进行了这些测量,接下来就是饱和和注入的过程。然后进行射频比较,从确定哪种浓度和盐度最优对每个盐碱液。
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引用次数: 0
Daftar Isi Vol.10 No.4 第10卷第4卷
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.12920
Daftar Isi
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引用次数: 0
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OIL AND WATER PRODUCTION IN FIELD X USING DIAGNOSTIC PLOT 应用诊断图分析x油田油水生产动态
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.10592
Rizki Nabila, M. A, Ajeng Oktaviani
Production wells have to be evaluated periodically, one of the problems that can occur is early water problems. Using X-Plot, Chan’s Diagnostic Plot, Decline Curve Analysis and Hall Plot analysis be able to detect RN-01 and RN-02 wells experienced multilayer channeling and RN-03 experienced normal displacement with high WOR.
生产井必须定期评估,其中一个可能发生的问题是早期的水问题。利用X-Plot、Chan’s Diagnostic Plot、递减曲线分析和Hall Plot分析,可以检测到RN-01和RN-02井存在多层窜流,RN-03井存在高WOR的正常位移。
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引用次数: 0
ANALISIS PENGARUH GAS OIL RATIO TERHADAP HEAD DEGRADTION PADA SUMUR ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMP 彭格鲁电潜水泵气油比分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.7738
Muhammad Almer Yandra, Djoko Sulistyanto, Djunaedi Agus Wibowo
Produksi sumur minyak mengunakan artificial lift electric submersible pump memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, salah satunya adalah gas yang terproduksi bersama dengan minyak, gas yang terproduksi bersama dengan minyak dapat menurunkan nilai head dari pompa electric submersible pump. Sumur pada penelitian kali ini memproduksi minyak ringan dengan nilai GOR yang tinggi, peningkatan nilai GOR membuat desain electric submersible pump yang terpasang tidak mampu mempertahankan jumlah produksi yang ditentukan, untuk itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh head degradation terhadap laju produksi pada sumur ESP dengan GOR tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunkan variabel nilai GOR 3000 scf/stb. Sumur ini mampu untuk berproduksi maksimum 8202,2 STB/day, sehingga laju produksi yang ditentukan sebesar 6600 STB/day. Saat ini telah terpasang pompa ESP tipe Reda S8900N. Hasil desain pada GOR 3000 pompa S8900N tidak mampu untuk berproduksi sesuai yang ditentukan maka dilakukan pergantian pompa Reda H15500N 155 stage dan membutuhkan intake gas separator 80%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terjadi penurunan head pompa atau head degradation akibat nilai GOR.
使用人工电梯电动泵生产油井有一些限制,其中之一是与石油一起生产的天然气,与石油一起生产的天然气可以降低电动泵的核心价值。该研究目前正在生产具有高价值价值的轻油,高价值的增加使得安装的电气水下泵的设计无法保持规定的生产数量,因此就该研究了头降解对ESP井口产量的影响。本研究使用了3000 scf/stb的值变量。这口井能够最大产量为8202,2 STB/day,因此规定生产速度为6600 STB/day。目前安装的是ESP类型Reda S8900N。产品上的设计产品S8900N不能按照规定生产,所以更换泵Reda H15500N 155阶段,需要80%的独立进气。根据分析结果,由于高尔的价值,头泵或头降解发生。
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引用次数: 0
The Application of P/Z Methods in Evaluation of Initial Gas in Place of X Reservoir P/Z法在X储层初始气位评价中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.12513
L. Samura, M. Ginting, A. Fattahanisa
Reservoir X is located in West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi, Indonesia, with initial pressure is 2,028 psia, and a temperature is 226°F. The reservoir has been produced from February 2018 to the present (February 2021), with cumulative gas production of 5.17 Bscf. Based on the Plan Of Development (POD) study in 2016, the initial gas in place was determined volumetrically to be 49,92 Bscf. To compare the initial gas in place, it is deemed necessary to recalculate the initial gas in place by utilizing another method. The calculation of Initial Gas In Place (IGIP) is conducted by using the P/Z method. In this method, the Initial Gas in Place is obtained 49.01 Bscf. Based on analyzing the phase diagrams and the prevailing reservoir conditions, reservoir X indicated a dry gas reservoir. Such reservoir drive mechanism is a depletion drive, determined from the P/Z vs Gp plot, generating a straight line. Based on the assumed abandonment pressure value of 300 psia, the estimated ultimate recovery value is 41.93 Bscf, with the recovery factor value of 87.65% and the remaining reserves of 36.76 Bscf.
X油藏位于印度尼西亚Jambi的West Tanjung Jabung Regency,初始压力为2028 psia,温度为226°F。该储层从2018年2月开始开采至今(2021年2月),累计产气量为5.17立方英尺。根据2016年的开发计划(POD)研究,初步确定的天然气储量为49,92 Bscf。为了比较初始气相,有必要利用另一种方法重新计算初始气相。采用P/Z法计算了初始原地气体(IGIP)。在这种方法中,获得了49.01 Bscf的初始气体。通过相图分析和储层条件分析,认为X储层为干气储层。这种油藏驱动机制是枯竭驱动,由P/Z / Gp图确定,形成一条直线。假设弃井压力为300 psia,预计最终采收率为41.93 Bscf,采收率为87.65%,剩余储量为36.76 Bscf。
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引用次数: 0
Cover Vol.10 No.4 封面第十卷第四期
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.12921
Cover Cover
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引用次数: 0
Drilling the Undrillable; a Review of Indonesia Onshore Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) Operation Experiences 钻不可钻;印尼陆上控压钻井(MPD)作业经验综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.12482
G. R. Darmawan, A. Prasetyo
MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) has been used worldwide to overcome drilling challenges in onshore and offshore operations. MPD has proven to save significant cost efficiency in every applications, by reducing NPT (Non Productive Time) caused by drilling problems such as, severe loss circulations, loss-kick cycle, and well control events. Indonesia is one of major country in Asia Pacific that has several needs to developing or exploring new opportunities with drilling challenges, especially in vuggular carbonate reservoirs, narrow drilling windows, and wellbore in-stability. This paper will present the basic theory on MPD, MPD equipment’s, types of MPD, and elaborate more on successful MPD operation in onshore Indonesia, and clustering the solutions of drilling challenges. 
MPD(控压钻井)已在全球范围内应用,以克服陆上和海上作业中的钻井挑战。MPD通过减少钻井问题(如严重的漏失循环、漏失井涌周期和井控事件)造成的NPT(非生产时间),在各种应用中都节省了大量的成本效益。印度尼西亚是亚太地区的主要国家之一,在开发或探索新的钻井机会方面存在一些挑战,特别是在空穴型碳酸盐岩储层、狭窄的钻井窗口和井眼不稳定性方面。本文将介绍MPD的基本理论、MPD设备、MPD类型,并详细介绍印度尼西亚陆上MPD的成功操作,以及钻井挑战的解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
DETERMINATION OF NATURAL GAS PRICING THROUGH PIPELINE IN DOWNSTREAM BUSINESS ACTIVITIES FOR COMMERCIAL CUSTOMERS IN WORK AREA SOR II SOUTH SUMATERA-WEST JAVA (SSWJ) 南苏门答腊-西爪哇(西南爪哇)第ii工区商业客户在下游业务活动中通过管道厘定天然气价格
Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i4.9873
M. H. Darajah, S. Irham, Darmasetiawan Hakim
Indonesia is a developing country that still depends on fossil fuels. Natural gas is one of the energy sources used as an alternative fuel for Indonesia's future to support national energy needs. This is because the amount of natural gas reserves in Indonesia are still classified as safe for the next several decades with increasing demand. The government has imposed a gas price for industry of USD $ 6 per MMBTU in accordance with the implementation of Presidential Regulation Number 40 of 2016 concerning Natural Gas Pricing. This strategic policy is believed to be able to boost the competitiveness of the domestic manufacturing sector so that it will make a significant contribution to the national economy. However, on the business entity side, this policy is considered to be detrimental because it is still unclear about the government intensive that is given to business entities. The purpose of this study is to analyze a case regarding the determination of the downstream selling price of natural gas for industrial costumers which should be in accordance with the parameters of the downstream selling price of natural gas. The results (output) obtained from this study indicate the process of optimizing the selling price of natural gas in downstream business activities to obtain the ideal value.
印尼是一个仍然依赖化石燃料的发展中国家。天然气是印尼未来用于支持国家能源需求的替代燃料之一。这是因为在未来几十年,随着需求的增加,印尼的天然气储量仍被列为安全的。根据2016年关于天然气定价的第40号总统条例的实施,政府对工业天然气价格实施了6美元/ MMBTU。这一战略政策将提高国内制造业的竞争力,从而对国民经济做出重大贡献。但是,在企业方面,这一政策被认为是有害的,因为目前还不清楚给予企业的政府密集程度。本研究的目的是分析一个工业客户的天然气下游销售价格应根据天然气下游销售价格参数确定的案例。本研究得出的结果(产出)反映了下游经营活动中天然气销售价格优化获得理想值的过程。
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引用次数: 1
CAPACITANCE RESISTANCE MODEL (CRM) APPLICATION TO RAPID EVALUATE AND OPTIMIZE PRODUCTION IN PERIPHERAL WATERFLOOD FIELD, PANDHAWA FIELD CASE STUDY 电容电阻模型(crm)在外围注水油田产量快速评价与优化中的应用,以pandhawa油田为例
Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.25105/petro.v10i3.9827
Muhammad Hasto Nugroho, B. Aslam, T. Marhaendrajana
Waterflooding is one of the most effective methods to improve oil recovery in mature fields because of its high success ratio, easy in application and cost efficiency. Development until now has shown that Capacitance Resistance Model (CRM) can be used as alternative from reservoir model and simulation studies. CRM can be used as model to predict reservoir characterization and reservoir performance quickly and accurately with only require historical production and injection data. CRM characterizes the reservoir by calculating the connectivity value and the response delay between the injections well and the production well as unknown parameters. Pandhawa Field is a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir with an average permeability of 65 mD with peripheral waterflood since 20 years ago. By knowing the injection efficiency, the optimization process can be carried out by increasing the water injection rate in injection wells that have high efficiency and vice versa. In this study, the performance of waterflood is analyzed using the Capacitance-Resistance Injection-Production Model (CRM-IP) to determine the connectivity of each injection and production well. This study also discuss CRM-IP implementation on MATLAB programming language and optimization of injection rate allocation for the most optimum cumulative oil production. Result of this study indicate total additional oil 505 MBO will be obtained during 120 months period by conduct redistribution water injection management for each injector. By using CRMIP methodology, waterflood management in this field can be done much faster, therefore decision taken for this field will be more effective.
水驱具有成功率高、应用简单、经济高效等优点,是成熟油田提高采收率的有效方法之一。目前的发展表明,电容电阻模型(CRM)可以作为储层模型和模拟研究的替代方法。CRM可以作为一种模型,仅需要历史生产和注入数据,就可以快速准确地预测储层特征和储层动态。CRM通过计算注入井和生产井之间的连通性值和响应延迟作为未知参数来表征储层。Pandhawa油田是一个非均质碳酸盐岩油藏,平均渗透率为65 mD,近20年来一直处于外围注水状态。通过了解注入效率,可以在效率高的注入井中提高注水速度,反之亦然,进行优化过程。在本研究中,使用电容-电阻注采模型(CRM-IP)分析水驱的性能,以确定每口注采井的连通性。本文还讨论了基于MATLAB编程语言的CRM-IP实现,以及为获得最优累积产油量而优化注入速率分配。研究结果表明,在120个月的时间里,通过对每个注入口进行重新注水管理,将获得总计505 MBO的额外石油。通过使用CRMIP方法,该油田的注水管理可以更快地完成,因此该油田的决策将更加有效。
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引用次数: 0
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PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan
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