Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have gathered extensive attention due to their properties – chemical stability, good conductivity, catalytic activity, and antimicrobial activity. This makes NPs suitable for potential applications in the development of new technologies in the field of photonics, electronics, medicine, biochemical sensing, and imaging. Nanoprisms have local surface plasmon resonance starting from visible to near infra-red spectrum, broadening the possibilities of their applications. Ag NPs typically are synthesized in aqueous solution but the handling of NPs often requires their dispersion into nonpolar solvents and their mixing with organic compounds. Thus, nanoparticle transfer to organic media is essential for application in the field of emission enhancement due to NPs – organic semiconductor interaction. A shell changing method for NP tranfer was successfully used with a high transfer rate, but rather low stability. The previously proposed sonochemical method for NP transfer from aqueous to organic polymeric media is extended to different organic solvents. The ultrasonic method is suitable to obtain stable NPs in both organic solvent and organic solvent/organic compound solutions, and it can be stored at ambient conditions for at least several months. Transfer efficiency is suficient and NPs remain stable in an organic solvent like chlorobenzene, anisole, dichloromethane. The method has potential in NPs containing thin film preparation because sonication prevents the agglomeration of clusters.
{"title":"Sodium Citrate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Captured Silver Nanoparticles Transfer to Organic Solvents","authors":"J. Mikelsone, A. Vembris","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have gathered extensive attention due to their properties – chemical stability, good conductivity, catalytic activity, and antimicrobial activity. This makes NPs suitable for potential applications in the development of new technologies in the field of photonics, electronics, medicine, biochemical sensing, and imaging. Nanoprisms have local surface plasmon resonance starting from visible to near infra-red spectrum, broadening the possibilities of their applications. Ag NPs typically are synthesized in aqueous solution but the handling of NPs often requires their dispersion into nonpolar solvents and their mixing with organic compounds. Thus, nanoparticle transfer to organic media is essential for application in the field of emission enhancement due to NPs – organic semiconductor interaction. A shell changing method for NP tranfer was successfully used with a high transfer rate, but rather low stability. The previously proposed sonochemical method for NP transfer from aqueous to organic polymeric media is extended to different organic solvents. The ultrasonic method is suitable to obtain stable NPs in both organic solvent and organic solvent/organic compound solutions, and it can be stored at ambient conditions for at least several months. Transfer efficiency is suficient and NPs remain stable in an organic solvent like chlorobenzene, anisole, dichloromethane. The method has potential in NPs containing thin film preparation because sonication prevents the agglomeration of clusters.","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139820920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bespal’ko, A. Litvinenko, V. Stepanovs, V. Kurtenoks, V. Smetska, V. Lapkovskis
A method of accuracy error compensation for the time interval is examined, allowing to decrease the dependence of accuracy error on the duration of measured intervals and minimising the influence of destabilising factors – ambient temperature changes and the initial deviation of the meter clock generator frequency from the nominal value. The compensation method is based on a calibration procedure that measures precise time intervals under conditions of changing ambient temperature. Then the dependence of the accuracy error on temperature for a particular meter is recorded. Based on these data, a correction table is compiled containing correction factors and temperature values at which these factors were determined. Under real measurement conditions, the correction factor corresponding to the current temperature is determined from the table for measured result correction. The table with correction factor values could be stored in the memory of the meter or processing computer. Experimental verification of the method showed that applying a correction for a meter with a standard XO class clock generator (certificated instability of ±50 ppm) could obtain an equivalent clock generator instability of ±0.15 ppm. The application of the method is efficient in cases where the use of high-end clocking to ensure the required measurement accuracy is not economically feasible.
研究了一种时间间隔精度误差补偿方法，可降低精度误差对测量间隔时间的依赖性，并最大限度地减少不稳定因素--环境温度变化和仪表时钟发生器频率与额定值的初始偏差--的影响。补偿方法以校准程序为基础，在环境温度变化的条件下测量精确的时间间隔。然后记录特定仪表的精度误差与温度的关系。根据这些数据，编制一个修正表，其中包含修正系数和确定这些系数的温度值。在实际测量条件下，根据表中的测量结果修正值确定与当前温度相对应的修正系数。包含修正因子值的表格可存储在仪表或处理计算机的内存中。该方法的实验验证表明，对配有标准 XO 级时钟发生器（经认证不稳定性为 ±50 ppm）的仪表进行修正，可获得 ±0.15 ppm 的等效时钟发生器不稳定性。在使用高端时钟来确保所需的测量精度在经济上不可行的情况下，该方法的应用非常有效。
{"title":"Compensation of Accuracy Error for Time Interval Measurements","authors":"V. Bespal’ko, A. Litvinenko, V. Stepanovs, V. Kurtenoks, V. Smetska, V. Lapkovskis","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A method of accuracy error compensation for the time interval is examined, allowing to decrease the dependence of accuracy error on the duration of measured intervals and minimising the influence of destabilising factors – ambient temperature changes and the initial deviation of the meter clock generator frequency from the nominal value. The compensation method is based on a calibration procedure that measures precise time intervals under conditions of changing ambient temperature. Then the dependence of the accuracy error on temperature for a particular meter is recorded. Based on these data, a correction table is compiled containing correction factors and temperature values at which these factors were determined. Under real measurement conditions, the correction factor corresponding to the current temperature is determined from the table for measured result correction. The table with correction factor values could be stored in the memory of the meter or processing computer. Experimental verification of the method showed that applying a correction for a meter with a standard XO class clock generator (certificated instability of ±50 ppm) could obtain an equivalent clock generator instability of ±0.15 ppm. The application of the method is efficient in cases where the use of high-end clocking to ensure the required measurement accuracy is not economically feasible.","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study assesses the heat characteristic of the nitrate-salt mixture as a phase change material (PCM) for a medium-temperature latent storage system (LSS). Two binary and ternary mixtures are evaluated, which demonstrate different thermal behaviour. The highest melting and latent heat capacity is obtained by KNO3(0.4)/NaNO3(0.6) at 223.8 °C and 161.5 J/g. However, it has a higher supercooling degree with a partial phase transition between 217.6 °C and 251.5 °C, making it unfeasible for a medium-temperature LSS tank. The ternary mixture (TM) with NaNO2(0.4)/KNO2(0.53)/NaNO3(0.7) demonstrates a stable phase transition with minimum partial phase transition (22.1 °C) and suitable heat of fusion (98.1 J/g). Further evaluation through static thermal profiling demonstrates that the TM has a notable performance during solid-sensible charge with a charge level indicator (CLI) around 45.3 %–49.1 %. The TM can be charged up to 85.7 % until the end stage of the phase transition. It promotes a better storage capacity with suitable performance since the system can be charged effectively at a suitable temperature range (< 160 °C) for various applications. The micrograph observation indicates some dispersed particles and local agglomeration, which makes phase stabilization as an advantageous method to promote a stable phase change process. The TM can be considered a suitable PCM for a medium-temperature LSS tank that allows for a better solar thermal renewable system operation.
{"title":"Charge Assessment for Nitrate-Based Salt as a Phase Change Material for a Medium-Temperature Latent Storage Tank","authors":"Ismail, Y. I. Widodo, R. A. Rahman","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study assesses the heat characteristic of the nitrate-salt mixture as a phase change material (PCM) for a medium-temperature latent storage system (LSS). Two binary and ternary mixtures are evaluated, which demonstrate different thermal behaviour. The highest melting and latent heat capacity is obtained by KNO3(0.4)/NaNO3(0.6) at 223.8 °C and 161.5 J/g. However, it has a higher supercooling degree with a partial phase transition between 217.6 °C and 251.5 °C, making it unfeasible for a medium-temperature LSS tank. The ternary mixture (TM) with NaNO2(0.4)/KNO2(0.53)/NaNO3(0.7) demonstrates a stable phase transition with minimum partial phase transition (22.1 °C) and suitable heat of fusion (98.1 J/g). Further evaluation through static thermal profiling demonstrates that the TM has a notable performance during solid-sensible charge with a charge level indicator (CLI) around 45.3 %–49.1 %. The TM can be charged up to 85.7 % until the end stage of the phase transition. It promotes a better storage capacity with suitable performance since the system can be charged effectively at a suitable temperature range (< 160 °C) for various applications. The micrograph observation indicates some dispersed particles and local agglomeration, which makes phase stabilization as an advantageous method to promote a stable phase change process. The TM can be considered a suitable PCM for a medium-temperature LSS tank that allows for a better solar thermal renewable system operation.","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examines an extensive and complete synchronization of optimal feedback with quantum dot semiconductor laser mutual coupling system. This has been achieved by resolving the transmitter and receiver equations of the quantum dot lasers. Numerous crisis areas have been observed at the time of investigating the relationship between photon density and time. The authors have selected an optimal time delay for the optical feedback so as to render an appropriate situation for intermittent dynamics. The study analyses the impact created by a long external cavity of QDSL upon the synchronization process in this mutual coupling system, in the presence of the enhancement factor of (α =3).
{"title":"General and Complete Synchronization of Mutual Coupling System of Quantum Dot Semiconductor Lasers With Optical Feedback","authors":"O. H. Abdulkareem, R. H. Abdali, B. A. Ghalib","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study examines an extensive and complete synchronization of optimal feedback with quantum dot semiconductor laser mutual coupling system. This has been achieved by resolving the transmitter and receiver equations of the quantum dot lasers. Numerous crisis areas have been observed at the time of investigating the relationship between photon density and time. The authors have selected an optimal time delay for the optical feedback so as to render an appropriate situation for intermittent dynamics. The study analyses the impact created by a long external cavity of QDSL upon the synchronization process in this mutual coupling system, in the presence of the enhancement factor of (α =3).","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139884328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exposure buildup factors in concrete and lead for a point isotropic and flat unidirectional photon source in the energy range from 10 to 50 MeV were determined using Monte Carlo simulation “FLUKA” software. The exposure buildup factors were also obtained for different material thickness up to 40 mpf. The calculations were done in a barrier geometry where the contributions of all photon-matter interactions were taken into account in the performed calculations. Amendments for the barrier-geometry effect for both materials under study were deduced. The results showed that barrier-effect amendments were independent of the material thickness, material type, and energy of the photon source
{"title":"Exposure Buildup Factors in Concrete, Lead for Point Isotropic and Unidirectional Photon Sources in the Energy Range from 10 to 50 MeV","authors":"I. Alhagaish, A. K. Aqili","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The exposure buildup factors in concrete and lead for a point isotropic and flat unidirectional photon source in the energy range from 10 to 50 MeV were determined using Monte Carlo simulation “FLUKA” software. The exposure buildup factors were also obtained for different material thickness up to 40 mpf. The calculations were done in a barrier geometry where the contributions of all photon-matter interactions were taken into account in the performed calculations. Amendments for the barrier-geometry effect for both materials under study were deduced. The results showed that barrier-effect amendments were independent of the material thickness, material type, and energy of the photon source","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139888670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study explores the detection of a harmful, wide-band interference signal, whose origin is a traditional desk LED (light-emitting diode) lamp. The interference signal was noticed on the sensitive solar spectrometer observing system, which was operating at a frequency range between 100 and 300 MHz. The interference signal was so strong and wide-band that it destroyed totally the solar observations. The study introduces two practical EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) reducing methods: ferrite cores and shielding (shielding effectiveness, S.E.). Their theoretical background is presented, and, in addition, these methods are tested in practice. The measurements and tests showed that even simple ferrite core was a very effective method to reduce interference effects. It is important that a suitable setup will be found: a single ferrite core cannot solve a whole problem. This interference problem is very demonstrative and it can be used in educational purposes at an undergraduate level at Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Finland. This study reveals the fact that standard lamps, which are on the market, do not necessarily follow good EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) practices.
{"title":"A Practical Solution to Reduce Interference from Led Lights","authors":"J. Kallunki","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study explores the detection of a harmful, wide-band interference signal, whose origin is a traditional desk LED (light-emitting diode) lamp. The interference signal was noticed on the sensitive solar spectrometer observing system, which was operating at a frequency range between 100 and 300 MHz. The interference signal was so strong and wide-band that it destroyed totally the solar observations. The study introduces two practical EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) reducing methods: ferrite cores and shielding (shielding effectiveness, S.E.). Their theoretical background is presented, and, in addition, these methods are tested in practice. The measurements and tests showed that even simple ferrite core was a very effective method to reduce interference effects. It is important that a suitable setup will be found: a single ferrite core cannot solve a whole problem. This interference problem is very demonstrative and it can be used in educational purposes at an undergraduate level at Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Finland. This study reveals the fact that standard lamps, which are on the market, do not necessarily follow good EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) practices.","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139815918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study assesses the heat characteristic of the nitrate-salt mixture as a phase change material (PCM) for a medium-temperature latent storage system (LSS). Two binary and ternary mixtures are evaluated, which demonstrate different thermal behaviour. The highest melting and latent heat capacity is obtained by KNO3(0.4)/NaNO3(0.6) at 223.8 °C and 161.5 J/g. However, it has a higher supercooling degree with a partial phase transition between 217.6 °C and 251.5 °C, making it unfeasible for a medium-temperature LSS tank. The ternary mixture (TM) with NaNO2(0.4)/KNO2(0.53)/NaNO3(0.7) demonstrates a stable phase transition with minimum partial phase transition (22.1 °C) and suitable heat of fusion (98.1 J/g). Further evaluation through static thermal profiling demonstrates that the TM has a notable performance during solid-sensible charge with a charge level indicator (CLI) around 45.3 %–49.1 %. The TM can be charged up to 85.7 % until the end stage of the phase transition. It promotes a better storage capacity with suitable performance since the system can be charged effectively at a suitable temperature range (< 160 °C) for various applications. The micrograph observation indicates some dispersed particles and local agglomeration, which makes phase stabilization as an advantageous method to promote a stable phase change process. The TM can be considered a suitable PCM for a medium-temperature LSS tank that allows for a better solar thermal renewable system operation.
{"title":"Charge Assessment for Nitrate-Based Salt as a Phase Change Material for a Medium-Temperature Latent Storage Tank","authors":"Ismail, Y. I. Widodo, R. A. Rahman","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study assesses the heat characteristic of the nitrate-salt mixture as a phase change material (PCM) for a medium-temperature latent storage system (LSS). Two binary and ternary mixtures are evaluated, which demonstrate different thermal behaviour. The highest melting and latent heat capacity is obtained by KNO3(0.4)/NaNO3(0.6) at 223.8 °C and 161.5 J/g. However, it has a higher supercooling degree with a partial phase transition between 217.6 °C and 251.5 °C, making it unfeasible for a medium-temperature LSS tank. The ternary mixture (TM) with NaNO2(0.4)/KNO2(0.53)/NaNO3(0.7) demonstrates a stable phase transition with minimum partial phase transition (22.1 °C) and suitable heat of fusion (98.1 J/g). Further evaluation through static thermal profiling demonstrates that the TM has a notable performance during solid-sensible charge with a charge level indicator (CLI) around 45.3 %–49.1 %. The TM can be charged up to 85.7 % until the end stage of the phase transition. It promotes a better storage capacity with suitable performance since the system can be charged effectively at a suitable temperature range (< 160 °C) for various applications. The micrograph observation indicates some dispersed particles and local agglomeration, which makes phase stabilization as an advantageous method to promote a stable phase change process. The TM can be considered a suitable PCM for a medium-temperature LSS tank that allows for a better solar thermal renewable system operation.","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139823919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mass filtering equipment in the ion beam processing industry plays a vital role. Mass filtering is usually achieved through classic magnetic mass selector techniques. The drawbacks of these techniques are the dimensions, weight, price, and power consumption. We suggest mitigating it by using the electrostatic RF mass selector instead of the magnetic one. We discuss the development of a novel ion beam processing apparatus that employs a QMS filter in a vacuum of superior purity. We describe the experimental setup in terms of part design. The article presents the successful test results of that parts. The article also explains in detail the basic principles and the technical realization of the whole apparatus and presents experimental data showing its high capabilities.
{"title":"High Resolution Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer for Ion Beam Processing","authors":"J. Blahins, A. Bzhishkian","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The mass filtering equipment in the ion beam processing industry plays a vital role. Mass filtering is usually achieved through classic magnetic mass selector techniques. The drawbacks of these techniques are the dimensions, weight, price, and power consumption. We suggest mitigating it by using the electrostatic RF mass selector instead of the magnetic one. We discuss the development of a novel ion beam processing apparatus that employs a QMS filter in a vacuum of superior purity. We describe the experimental setup in terms of part design. The article presents the successful test results of that parts. The article also explains in detail the basic principles and the technical realization of the whole apparatus and presents experimental data showing its high capabilities.","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139828230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bespal’ko, A. Litvinenko, V. Stepanovs, V. Kurtenoks, V. Smetska, V. Lapkovskis
A method of accuracy error compensation for the time interval is examined, allowing to decrease the dependence of accuracy error on the duration of measured intervals and minimising the influence of destabilising factors – ambient temperature changes and the initial deviation of the meter clock generator frequency from the nominal value. The compensation method is based on a calibration procedure that measures precise time intervals under conditions of changing ambient temperature. Then the dependence of the accuracy error on temperature for a particular meter is recorded. Based on these data, a correction table is compiled containing correction factors and temperature values at which these factors were determined. Under real measurement conditions, the correction factor corresponding to the current temperature is determined from the table for measured result correction. The table with correction factor values could be stored in the memory of the meter or processing computer. Experimental verification of the method showed that applying a correction for a meter with a standard XO class clock generator (certificated instability of ±50 ppm) could obtain an equivalent clock generator instability of ±0.15 ppm. The application of the method is efficient in cases where the use of high-end clocking to ensure the required measurement accuracy is not economically feasible.
研究了一种时间间隔精度误差补偿方法，可降低精度误差对测量间隔时间的依赖性，并最大限度地减少不稳定因素--环境温度变化和仪表时钟发生器频率与额定值的初始偏差--的影响。补偿方法以校准程序为基础，在环境温度变化的条件下测量精确的时间间隔。然后记录特定仪表的精度误差与温度的关系。根据这些数据，编制一个修正表，其中包含修正系数和确定这些系数的温度值。在实际测量条件下，根据表中的测量结果修正值确定与当前温度相对应的修正系数。包含修正因子值的表格可存储在仪表或处理计算机的内存中。该方法的实验验证表明，对配有标准 XO 级时钟发生器（经认证不稳定性为 ±50 ppm）的仪表进行修正，可获得 ±0.15 ppm 的等效时钟发生器不稳定性。在使用高端时钟来确保所需的测量精度在经济上不可行的情况下，该方法的应用非常有效。
{"title":"Compensation of Accuracy Error for Time Interval Measurements","authors":"V. Bespal’ko, A. Litvinenko, V. Stepanovs, V. Kurtenoks, V. Smetska, V. Lapkovskis","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A method of accuracy error compensation for the time interval is examined, allowing to decrease the dependence of accuracy error on the duration of measured intervals and minimising the influence of destabilising factors – ambient temperature changes and the initial deviation of the meter clock generator frequency from the nominal value. The compensation method is based on a calibration procedure that measures precise time intervals under conditions of changing ambient temperature. Then the dependence of the accuracy error on temperature for a particular meter is recorded. Based on these data, a correction table is compiled containing correction factors and temperature values at which these factors were determined. Under real measurement conditions, the correction factor corresponding to the current temperature is determined from the table for measured result correction. The table with correction factor values could be stored in the memory of the meter or processing computer. Experimental verification of the method showed that applying a correction for a meter with a standard XO class clock generator (certificated instability of ±50 ppm) could obtain an equivalent clock generator instability of ±0.15 ppm. The application of the method is efficient in cases where the use of high-end clocking to ensure the required measurement accuracy is not economically feasible.","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139822974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mass filtering equipment in the ion beam processing industry plays a vital role. Mass filtering is usually achieved through classic magnetic mass selector techniques. The drawbacks of these techniques are the dimensions, weight, price, and power consumption. We suggest mitigating it by using the electrostatic RF mass selector instead of the magnetic one. We discuss the development of a novel ion beam processing apparatus that employs a QMS filter in a vacuum of superior purity. We describe the experimental setup in terms of part design. The article presents the successful test results of that parts. The article also explains in detail the basic principles and the technical realization of the whole apparatus and presents experimental data showing its high capabilities.
{"title":"High Resolution Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer for Ion Beam Processing","authors":"J. Blahins, A. Bzhishkian","doi":"10.2478/lpts-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The mass filtering equipment in the ion beam processing industry plays a vital role. Mass filtering is usually achieved through classic magnetic mass selector techniques. The drawbacks of these techniques are the dimensions, weight, price, and power consumption. We suggest mitigating it by using the electrostatic RF mass selector instead of the magnetic one. We discuss the development of a novel ion beam processing apparatus that employs a QMS filter in a vacuum of superior purity. We describe the experimental setup in terms of part design. The article presents the successful test results of that parts. The article also explains in detail the basic principles and the technical realization of the whole apparatus and presents experimental data showing its high capabilities.","PeriodicalId":43603,"journal":{"name":"Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139888053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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