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GvSIG in the academic education of heterogeneous target groups – experiences in lectures, exercises and eLearning GvSIG在异质目标群体的学术教育——讲座、练习和电子学习的经验
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.1
W. Dorner, J. Scheffer, Roland Zink
Thanks to easier operability and a growing range of functions, open source products are increasingly being used in teaching GIS to students of various course programs. The elaboration of such courses poses the challenge of taking into account different study paths, allowing for student autonomy (e-learning), and choosing the right software. The article suggests answers to these questions by presenting the classes offered at the University of Applied Sciences in Deggendorf and the University of Passau since winter 2010/11 as well as ideas for future course offers.
由于更容易操作和越来越多的功能,开源产品越来越多地用于向各种课程计划的学生教授GIS。这类课程的细化提出了考虑不同学习路径、允许学生自主(电子学习)和选择正确软件的挑战。本文通过介绍2010/11冬季以来德根多夫应用科学大学和帕绍大学开设的课程,以及对未来课程开设的想法,提出了这些问题的答案。
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引用次数: 7
Integrating DROOLS and R software for intelligent map system 集成DROOLS和R软件实现智能地图系统
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.7
J. Růžička
The paper describes intelligent map system that allows to check errors in map sheets or to help with a map sheet creation. The system is based on expert system DROOLS, ontology created in Protege and statistical software R. Prototype of the system should evaluate that this kind of integration is possible, so the system is not full of rules. The prototype is filled with twenty rules written in DRL language and with more than thirty items from the ontology. The paper should show how all of these components can be integrated together to allow such kind of a map sheet evaluation. The system is now used for selection of the best method for data classification. The selection is suggested by DROOLS system that uses R software to perform statistical tests of normality and uniformity.
本文描述了一种智能地图系统,它可以检查地图中的错误或帮助创建地图。该系统基于专家系统DROOLS, Protege中创建的本体和统计软件r。系统的原型应该评估这种集成是可能的,所以系统并不充满规则。原型包含了用DRL语言编写的20条规则和来自本体的30多个条目。论文应该显示所有这些组件如何可以集成在一起,以允许这种地图表评估。该系统现在用于选择最佳的数据分类方法。选择由DROOLS系统建议,使用R软件进行正态性和均匀性统计检验。
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引用次数: 1
Possibilities of contactless control of web map applications by sight 通过视觉非接触式控制网络地图应用程序的可能性
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.5
R. Nétek
This paper assesses possibilities of a new approach of control map applications on the screen without locomotive system. There is a project about usability of Eye Tracking System in Geoinformatic and Cartographic fields at Department of Geoinformatics at Palacky University. The eye tracking system is a device for measuring eye/gaze positions and eye/gaze movement ("where we are looking"). There is a number of methods and outputs, but the most common are "heat-maps" of intensity and/or time. Just this method was used in the first part, where was analyzed the number of common web map portals, especially distribution of their tools and functions on the screen. The aim of research is to localize by heat-maps the best distribution of control tools for movement with map (function "pan"). It can analyze how sensitive are people on perception of control tools in different web pages and platforms. It is a great experience to compare accurate survey data with personal interpretation and knowledge. Based on these results is the next step – design of "control tools" which is command by eye-tracking device. There has been elected rectangle areas located on the edge of map (AOI – areas of interest), with special function which have defined some time delay. When user localizes one of these areas the map automatically moves to the way on which edge is localized on, and time delay prevents accidental movement. The technology for recording the eye movements on the screen offers this option because if you properly define the layout and function controls of the map, you need only connect these two systems. At this moment, there is a technical constrain. The solution of movement control is based on data transmission between eye-tracking-device-output and converter in real-time. Just real-time transfer is not supported in every case of SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments company) devices. More precisely it is the problem of money, because eye-tracking device and every upgrade is very expensive. This constrains and their solutions are also discussed in paper. Main aim of the project is to design (both economically and technologically), optimal way how to record and convert eye-movement in a program with sophisticated control of movements.
本文评估了一种新的控制图在无机车系统的屏幕上应用的可能性。Palacky大学地理信息系有一个关于眼动追踪系统在地理信息和制图领域的可用性的项目。眼动追踪系统是一种测量眼/凝视位置和眼/凝视运动(“我们正在看的地方”)的设备。有许多方法和产出,但最常见的是强度和/或时间的“热图”。第一部分正是采用了这种方法,分析了常见的web地图门户的数量,特别是它们在屏幕上的工具和功能的分布。研究的目的是通过热图来定位具有map(函数“pan”)的运动控制工具的最佳分布。它可以分析人们在不同的网页和平台上对控制工具的感知有多敏感。将准确的调查数据与个人的解释和知识进行比较是一种很好的体验。基于这些结果,下一步就是设计“控制工具”,它是由眼动追踪设备控制的。在地图的边缘有一些被选择的矩形区域(AOI -兴趣区域),这些区域具有特殊的功能,并且定义了一定的时间延迟。当用户定位其中一个区域时,地图会自动移动到边缘定位的方向,时间延迟可以防止意外移动。在屏幕上记录眼球运动的技术提供了这种选择,因为如果你正确地定义了地图的布局和功能控制,你只需要连接这两个系统。目前,有一个技术限制。运动控制的解决方案是基于眼动追踪-设备-输出和转换器之间的实时数据传输。并非所有SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments公司)设备都支持实时传输。更准确地说,这是钱的问题,因为眼球追踪设备和每次升级都非常昂贵。本文还讨论了这些约束及其解决方法。该项目的主要目的是设计(经济上和技术上),如何记录和转换眼球运动的最佳方式,并通过复杂的运动控制程序。
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引用次数: 2
Testing of the accuracy dependency of prismless distance measurement on the beam incidence angle 无棱镜距离测量精度对光束入射角依赖性的检验
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.10
Pavel Třasák, M. Štroner, V. Smítka, R. Urban
The article assesses the precision development of distance measurement using prismless distance meters, both in relation to the changing length of the measured distance and the changing incidence angle of the distance meter’s beam. The article presents the design and performance of an original experiment, the characteristics of instruments used, statistical evaluation of experimental data and formulation of conclusions on the precision rate of distance measurement using prismless instruments.
本文从测量距离长度的变化和测距仪光束入射角的变化两方面对无棱镜测距仪测量距离的精度发展进行了评价。本文介绍了一个原始实验的设计和性能,所使用的仪器的特点,实验数据的统计评价,以及用无棱镜仪器测量距离的精度率的结论。
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引用次数: 2
Designing a New Raster Sub-System for GRASS-7 基于GRASS-7的栅格子系统设计
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.2
M. Hrubý
The paper deals with a design of a new raster sub-system intended for modern GIS systems open for client and server operation, database connection and strong application interface (API). Motivation for such a design comes from the current state of API working in GRASS 6. If found attractive, the here presented design and its implementation (referred as RG7) may be integrated to the future new generation of the GRASS Geographical Information System version 7-8. The paper describes in details the concept of raster tiling, computer storage of rasters and basic raster access procedures. Finally, the paper gives a simple benchmarking experiment of random read access to raster files imported from the Spearfish dataset. The experiment compares the early implementation of RG7 with the current implementation of rasters in GRASS 6. As the result, the experiment shows the RG7 to be significantly faster than GRASS in random read access to large raster files.
本文介绍了一种面向现代GIS系统的栅格子系统的设计,该子系统面向客户端和服务器端开放,具有数据库连接和强大的应用接口(API)。这种设计的动机来自于GRASS 6中API的当前状态。如果觉得有吸引力,这里介绍的设计和实施(简称RG7)可能会整合到未来新一代的地理信息系统版本7-8中。本文详细介绍了栅格平铺的概念、栅格的计算机存储和栅格的基本存取程序。最后,本文给出了一个简单的随机读取从Spearfish数据集导入的光栅文件的基准测试实验。实验将RG7的早期实现与当前GRASS 6中光栅的实现进行了比较。实验结果表明,RG7在随机读取大型光栅文件时明显快于GRASS。
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引用次数: 0
A GRASS GIS application for vertical sorting of sediments analysis in River Dynamics GRASS GIS在河流动力学沉积物垂直分选分析中的应用
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.4
Annalisa Minelli, G. Parker, P. Tacconi, C. Cencetti
The extreme versatility in different research fields of GRASS GIS is well known. A tool for the vertical sorting of sediments in river dynamics analysis is illustrated in this work. In particular, a GRASS GIS python module has been written which implements a forecasting sorting model by Blom&Parker (2006) to analyze river bed composition’s evolution in depth in terms of grainsize. The module takes a DEM and information relative to the bed load transport composition as input. It works in two different and consecutive phases: the first one uses the GRASS capabilities in analyzing geometrical features of the river bed along a chosen river reach, the second phase is the "numerical" one and implements the forecasting model itself, then executes statistical analyses and draws graphs, by the means of matplotlib library. Moreover, a specific procedure for the import of a laser scanner cloud of points is implemented, in case the raster DEM map is not available. At the moment, the module has been applied using flumes data from Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory (Minneapolis, MN) and some first results have been obtained, but the "testing" phase on other flume’s data is still in progress. Moreover the module has been written for GRASS 65 on a Ubuntu Linux machine, even if the debugging of a GRASS 64, Windowsversion, is also in progress. The final aim of this work is the application of the model on natural rivers, but there are still some drawbacks. First of all the need of a high resolution DEM in input, secondly the number and type of data in input (for example the bed load composition in volume fraction per each size considered) which is not easily obtainable, so the best solution is represented by testing the model on a well instrumented river reach to export in future the forecasting method to un-instrumented reaches.
GRASS GIS在不同研究领域的极端多功能性是众所周知的。在此工作中说明了河流动力学分析中沉积物垂直分选的工具。特别是,GRASS GIS python模块已经编写,实现了Blom&Parker(2006)的预测排序模型,以分析河床成分在粒度方面的深度演变。该模块以DEM和相对于床质输运组成的信息作为输入。它分为两个不同且连续的阶段:第一阶段使用GRASS功能分析选定河段的河床几何特征,第二阶段是“数值”阶段,并自行实现预测模型,然后通过matplotlib库进行统计分析和绘图。此外,在没有栅格DEM地图的情况下,实现了导入激光扫描仪点云的特定程序。目前,该模块已应用于圣安东尼瀑布实验室(Minneapolis, MN)的水槽数据,并获得了一些初步结果,但对其他水槽数据的“测试”阶段仍在进行中。此外,该模块已经在Ubuntu Linux机器上为GRASS 65编写,即使GRASS 64 (windows版本)的调试也在进行中。本工作的最终目的是将该模型应用于自然河流,但仍存在一些缺陷。首先,需要一个高分辨率的DEM作为输入,其次,输入数据的数量和类型(例如所考虑的每种尺寸的床载组成体积分数)不易获得,因此最好的解决方案是通过在仪器仪表良好的河段上测试模型,以便将来将预测方法导出到未仪器仪表的河段。
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引用次数: 0
Data Architecture for Sensor Network 传感器网络的数据体系结构
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.3
J. Ježek
Fast development of hardware in recent years leads to the high availability of simple sensing devices at minimal cost. As a consequence, there is many of sensor networks nowadays. These networks can continuously produce a large amount of observed data including the location of measurement. Optimal data architecture for such propose is a challenging issue due to its large scale and spatio-temporal nature.  The aim of this paper is to describe data architecture that was used in a particular solution for storage of sensor data. This solution is based on relation data model – concretely PostgreSQL and PostGIS. We will mention out experience from real world projects focused on car monitoring and project targeted on agriculture sensor networks. We will also shortly demonstrate the possibilities of client side API and the potential of other open source libraries that can be used for cartographic visualization (e.g. GeoServer). The main objective is to describe the strength and weakness of usage of relation database system for such propose and to introduce also alternative approaches based on NoSQL concept.
近年来硬件的快速发展使得简单的传感设备以最低的成本具有很高的可用性。因此,现在有许多传感器网络。这些网络可以连续产生大量的观测数据,包括测量的位置。由于其大规模和时空特性,优化数据架构是一个具有挑战性的问题。本文的目的是描述用于存储传感器数据的特定解决方案的数据架构。该解决方案是基于关系型数据模型,具体为PostgreSQL和PostGIS。我们将提到现实世界中专注于汽车监控和针对农业传感器网络的项目的经验。我们还将简短地展示客户端API的可能性,以及其他可用于地图可视化的开源库(例如GeoServer)的潜力。本文的主要目的是描述关系数据库系统的优缺点,并介绍基于NoSQL概念的替代方法。
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引用次数: 2
Proposal of a Python interface to OpenMI, as the base for open source hydrological framework 提出OpenMI的Python接口,作为开源水文框架的基础
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.8
R. Szczepanek
Hydrologists need simple, yet powerful, open source framework for developing and testing mathematical models. Such framework should ensure long-term interoperability and high scalability. This can be done by implementation of the existing, already tested standards. At the moment two interesting options exist: Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI) and Object Modeling System (OMS). OpenMI was developed within the Fifth European Framework Programme for integrated watershed management, described in the Water Framework Directive. OpenMI interfaces are available for the C# and Java programming languages. OpenMI Association is now in the process of agreement with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), so the spatial standards existing in OpenMI 2.0 should be better implemented in the future. The OMS project is pure Java, object-oriented modeling framework coordinated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Big advantage of OMS compared to OpenMI is its simplicity of implementation. On the other hand, OpenMI seems to be more powerful and better suited for hydrological models. Finally, OpenMI model was selected as the base interface for the proposed open source hydrological framework.  The existing hydrological libraries and models focus usually on just one GIS package (HydroFOSS – GRASS) or one operating system (HydroDesktop – Microsoft Windows). The new hydrological framework should break those limitations. To make hydrological models’ implementation as easy as possible, the framework should be based on a simple, high-level computer language. Low and mid-level languages, like Java (SEXTANTE) or C (GRASS, SAGA) were excluded, as too complicated for regular hydrologist. From popular, high-level languages, Python seems to be a good choice. Leading GIS desktop applications – GRASS and QGIS – use Python as second native language, providing well documented API. This way, a Python-based hydrological library could be easily integrated with any GIS package supporting this programming language. As the OpenMI 2.0 standard supported interfaces only for Java and C#, the Python interface for OpenMI standard, presented in this paper, is the first step done towards the open and interoperable hydrological framework. GIS-related issues of the OpenMI 2.0 standard are also outlined and discussed.
水文学家需要简单而强大的开源框架来开发和测试数学模型。这样的框架应该确保长期的互操作性和高可伸缩性。这可以通过实施现有的、已经测试过的标准来实现。目前存在两个有趣的选择:开放建模接口(OpenMI)和对象建模系统(OMS)。OpenMI是在《水框架指令》中描述的第五个欧洲流域综合管理框架计划内开发的。OpenMI接口可用于c#和Java编程语言。OpenMI协会目前正在与开放地理空间联盟(OGC)达成协议,因此OpenMI 2.0中现有的空间标准应该在未来得到更好的实现。OMS项目是由美国农业部协调的纯Java面向对象建模框架。与OpenMI相比,OMS的最大优势是实现简单。另一方面,OpenMI似乎更强大,更适合水文模型。最后,选择OpenMI模型作为开源水文框架的基础接口。现有的水文库和模型通常只关注一个GIS包(HydroFOSS - GRASS)或一个操作系统(HydroDesktop - Microsoft Windows)。新的水文框架应该打破这些限制。为了使水文模型的实现尽可能容易,该框架应基于一种简单的高级计算机语言。低级和中级语言,如Java (SEXTANTE)或C (GRASS, SAGA)被排除在外,因为对于普通的水文学家来说太复杂了。从流行的高级语言来看,Python似乎是一个不错的选择。领先的GIS桌面应用程序——GRASS和QGIS——使用Python作为第二母语,提供文档完备的API。这样,基于python的水文库可以很容易地与支持这种编程语言的任何GIS包集成。由于OpenMI 2.0标准只支持Java和c#接口,因此本文提出的OpenMI标准的Python接口是向开放和可互操作的水文框架迈出的第一步。还概述和讨论了OpenMI 2.0标准中与gis相关的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Developing web map application based on user centered design 基于以用户为中心设计的web地图应用开发
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.11
P. Voldan
User centred design is an approach in process of development any kind of human product where the main idea is to create a product for the end user. This article presents User centred design method in developing web mapping services. This method can be split into four main phases – user research, creation of concepts, developing with usability research and lunch of product. The article describes each part of this phase with an aim to provide guidelines for developers and primarily with an aim to improve the usability of web mapping services.
以用户为中心的设计是在开发任何人类产品过程中的一种方法,其主要思想是为最终用户创造产品。本文介绍了以用户为中心的web地图服务设计方法。该方法可分为四个主要阶段:用户研究、概念创建、可用性研究开发和产品开发。本文描述了这一阶段的每个部分,目的是为开发人员提供指导方针,主要目的是提高web地图服务的可用性。
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引用次数: 4
Implementation of SQLite database support in program gama-local SQLite数据库支持的实现
Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.14311/GI.7.6
V. Petras
The program gama-local is a part of GNU Gama project and allows adjustment of local geodetic networks. Before realization of this project the program gama-local supported only XML as an input. I designed and implemented support for the SQLite database and thanks to this extension gama-local can read input data from the SQLite database. This article is focused on the specifics of the use of callback functions in C++ using the native SQLite C/C++ Application Programming Interface. The article provides solution to safe calling of callback functions written in C++. Callback functions are called from C library and C library itself is used by C++ program. Provided solution combines several programing techniques which are described in detail, so this article can serve as a cookbook even for beginner programmers. This project was accomplished within my bachelor thesis.
gamma -local程序是GNU gamma项目的一部分,允许调整本地大地测量网。在实现这个项目之前,gamma -local程序只支持XML作为输入。我设计并实现了对SQLite数据库的支持,并且由于这个扩展,gamma -local可以从SQLite数据库读取输入数据。本文主要讨论使用本地SQLite C/ c++应用程序编程接口在c++中使用回调函数的细节。本文提供了用c++编写的安全调用回调函数的解决方案。回调函数从C库中调用,C库本身由c++程序使用。提供的解决方案结合了详细描述的几种编程技术,因此本文甚至可以作为新手程序员的食谱。这个项目是在我的学士论文中完成的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Geoinformatics FCE CTU
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