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Publication ethics standards in Geoinformatics FCE CTU 地理信息学出版伦理标准
Pub Date : 2016-07-22 DOI: 10.14311/GI.15.1.0
Lenka Nemecková, Iva Adlerová
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引用次数: 0
Automated point clouds processing for deformation monitoring 自动点云处理变形监测
Pub Date : 2015-12-08 DOI: 10.14311/GI.14.2.5
J. Erdélyi
The weather conditions and the operation load are causing changes in the spatial position and in the shape of engineering constructions, which affects their static and dynamic function and reliability. Because these facts, geodetic measurements are integral parts of engineering structures diagnosis. The advantage of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) over conventional surveying methods is the efficiency of spatial data acquisition. TLS allows contactless determining the spatial coordinates of points lying on the surface on the measured object. The scan rate of current scanners (up to 1 million of points/s) allows significant reduction of time, necessary for the measurement; respectively increase the quantity of obtained information about the measured object. To increase the accuracy of results, chosen parts of the monitored construction can be approximated by single geometric entities using regression. In this case the position of measured point is calculated from tens or hundreds of scanned points. This paper presents the possibility of deformation monitoring of engineering structures using the technology of TLS. For automated data processing was developed an application based on Matlab®, Displacement_TLS. The operation mode, the basic parts of this application and the calculation of displacements are described.
天气条件和运行荷载使工程构筑物的空间位置和形态发生变化,影响其静动力功能和可靠性。因此,大地测量是工程结构诊断的重要组成部分。地面激光扫描(TLS)相对于传统测量方法的优势在于空间数据的获取效率。TLS允许非接触式确定位于被测对象表面上的点的空间坐标。当前扫描仪的扫描速度(高达100万点/秒)可以显着减少测量所需的时间;分别增加被测对象信息的获取量。为了提高结果的准确性,可以使用回归的单一几何实体来近似监测建筑的选定部分。在这种情况下,测量点的位置是从数十或数百个扫描点中计算出来的。介绍了利用TLS技术对工程结构进行变形监测的可能性。为了实现自动化数据处理,开发了一个基于Matlab®的应用程序,Displacement_TLS。介绍了该装置的工作方式、基本部件及位移计算。
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引用次数: 2
State borders in ETRS89 coordinates – reality or fiction ? ETRS89坐标中的国家边界——是真实的还是虚构的?
Pub Date : 2015-12-08 DOI: 10.14311/gi.14.2.1
J. Poláček
Common unique ETRS89 coordinates of the state boundaries are crucial for cross-border data harmonization for international projects. In the frame of European Location Framework (ELF) project Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre (CUZK) cooperates with Poland on egde-matching on the state border. During the preliminary phase of the project was some difficulty identified. If the state boundary is measured and administered in the national coordinate system, the accuracy of the transformation into the ETRS89 is influenced by discrepancies of the local trigonometric network, which results in two slightly different state boundaries. Final solution for Europe – international treaties on the state borders based on the ETRS89 coordinates – is necessary, but it will take years.
国家边界的共同唯一ETRS89坐标对于国际项目的跨境数据协调至关重要。在欧洲定位框架(ELF)项目框架下,捷克测绘和地籍局(CUZK)与波兰在国家边界的边缘匹配方面进行了合作。在项目的初步阶段发现了一些困难。如果在国家坐标系中测量和管理州边界,则由于局部三角网络的差异,会影响到转换到ETRS89的准确性,从而导致两个州边界略有不同。欧洲的最终解决方案——基于ETRS89坐标的国家边界国际条约——是必要的,但这将需要数年时间。
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引用次数: 0
Large geospatial images discovery: metadata model and technological framework 大型地理空间图像发现:元数据模型和技术框架
Pub Date : 2015-12-08 DOI: 10.14311/GI.14.2.3
Lukás Bruha
The advancements in geospatial web technology triggered efforts for disclosure of valuable resources of historical collections. This paper focuses on the role of spatial data infrastructures (SDI) in such efforts. The work describes the interplay between SDI technologies and potential use cases in libraries such as cartographic heritage. The metadata model is introduced to link up the sources from these two distinct fields. To enhance the data search capabilities, the work focuses on the representation of the content-based metadata of raster images, which is the crucial prerequisite to target the search in a more effective way. The architecture of the prototype system for automatic raster data processing, storage, analysis and distribution is introduced. The architecture responds to the characteristics of input datasets, namely to the continuous flow of very large raster data and related metadata. Proposed solutions are illustrated on the case study of cartometric analysis of digitised early maps and related metadata encoding.
地理空间网络技术的进步引发了对珍贵历史馆藏资源公开的努力。本文重点讨论了空间数据基础设施(SDI)在这方面的作用。该工作描述了SDI技术和库中潜在用例(如地图遗产)之间的相互作用。引入元数据模型来连接来自这两个不同字段的数据源。为了提高数据搜索能力,重点研究了基于内容的栅格图像元数据的表示,这是更有效地进行目标搜索的关键前提。介绍了光栅数据自动处理、存储、分析和分发的原型系统的体系结构。该架构响应输入数据集的特征,即响应非常大的栅格数据和相关元数据的连续流。并以数位化早期地图的图解分析及相关的元数据编码为例,说明解决方案。
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引用次数: 2
ATControl Software for Leica AT40x Laser Trackers at控制软件的徕卡AT40x激光跟踪器
Pub Date : 2015-12-08 DOI: 10.14311/GI.14.2.2
F. Dvorácek
The paper describes a software called ATControl which is based on the Matworks Matlab high-level programming language. This software is under constant development by the author in order to collect geospatial data by measuring with the absolute laser tracker Leica AT40x (AT401, AT402). Commercially available software solutions are shortly reviewed and the reasons for developing the new controlling application are discussed. Advantages of ATControl concerning metrological traceability of measured distances are stated. Key functional features of software are introduced.
本文介绍了一种基于Matworks Matlab高级编程语言的ATControl软件。为了通过使用徕卡AT40x (AT401, AT402)绝对激光跟踪仪测量来收集地理空间数据,作者正在不断开发该软件。简要回顾了商业上可用的软件解决方案,并讨论了开发新的控制应用程序的原因。论述了ATControl在测量距离溯源方面的优势。介绍了软件的主要功能特点。
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引用次数: 2
Horizontal comparator for the system calibration of digital levels – realization at the Faculty of civil engineering, CTU Prague and in the laboratory of the Department of survey and mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) in Kuala Lumpur. 用于数字水位线系统校准的水平比较器-在布拉格CTU土木工程学院和吉隆坡马来西亚测绘部(JUPEM)实验室实现。
Pub Date : 2015-12-08 DOI: 10.14311/GI.14.2.6
Zdeněk Vyskočil, Z. Lukeš
Metrological procedures require a leveling staff calibration for an estimation of a true staff scale.  The calibration process is usually realized on laboratory comparators. Two automatic comparators for digital level calibration were built by the staff of Department of Geomatics. This article brings some information about properties of developed systems and about a control software for the comparators.
计量程序要求测量人员校准以估计真实的工作人员比例尺。校准过程通常在实验室比较器上实现。测绘系研制了两台用于数字水平面标定的自动比较仪。本文介绍了一些已开发系统的特性和一种比较器控制软件。
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引用次数: 3
New discoveries on astronomical orientation of Inca site in Ollantaytambo, Peru 秘鲁奥扬坦博印加遗址天文方位的新发现
Pub Date : 2015-12-08 DOI: 10.14311/GI.14.2.4
K. Hanzalová, J. Klokočník, J. Kostelecký
This paper deals with astronomical orientation of Incas objects in Ollantaytambo, which is located about 35 km southeast from Machu Picchu, about 40 km northwest from Cusco, and lies in the Urubamba valley. Everybody writing about Ollantaytambo, shoud read Protzen. (1)  He devoted his monograph to description and interpretation of that locality. Book of Salazar and Salazar (2) deals, among others, with the orientation of objects in Ollantaytambo with respect to the cardinal direction. Zawaski and Malville (3) documented astronomical context of major monuments of nine sites in Peru, including Ollantaytambo. We tested astronomical orientation in these places and confirm or disprove hypothesis about purpose of Incas objects. For assessment orientation of objects we used our measurements and also satellite images on Google Earth and digital elevation model from ASTER. The satellite images were used to estimate the astronomical-solar-solstice orientation, together with terrestrial images from Salazar and Salazar (2). The digital elevation model is useful in the mountains, where we need the actual horizon for a calculation of sunset and sunrise on specific days (solstices), which were for Incas people very important. We tested which astronomical phenomenon is connected with objects in Ollantaytambo. First, we focused on Temple of the Sun, also known the Wall of six monoliths.  We tested winter solstice sunrise and the rides of the Pleiades for the epochs 2000, 1500 and 1000 A.D. According with our results the Temple isn´t connected neither with winter solstice sunrise nor with the Pleiades. Then we tested also winter solstice sunset. We tried to use the line from an observation point near ruins of the Temple of Sun, to west-north, in direction to sunset. The astronomical azimuth from this point was about 5° less then we need. From this results we found, that is possible to find another observation point. By Salazar and Salazar (2) we found observation point at the corner (east rectangle) of the pyramid by Pacaritanpu, down by the riverside. There is a line connecting the east rectangular “platform” at the river, going along the Inca road up to vicinity of the Temple of the Sun and then in the direction to the Inca face. Using a digital elevation model we found the astronomical azimuth, which is needed for confirm astronomical orientation of the Temple. So, finally we are able to demonstrate a possibility of the solar-solstice orientation in Ollantaytambo.
本文研究了位于乌鲁班巴山谷的奥扬塔坦博印加天体的天文方位。奥扬塔坦博位于马丘比丘东南约35公里,库斯科西北约40公里。每个写奥扬坦波的人都应该读读普罗岑。他的专著致力于对那个地方的描述和解释。书的萨拉查和萨拉查(2)处理,除其他外,在奥扬坦博相对于基本方向的对象的方向。Zawaski和Malville(3)记录了包括奥扬坦博(Ollantaytambo)在内的秘鲁九个主要遗址的天文背景。我们在这些地方测试了天文方位,证实或推翻了关于印加人物品用途的假设。为了评估物体的方向,我们使用了我们的测量结果,以及谷歌地球上的卫星图像和ASTER的数字高程模型。卫星图像与萨拉查和萨拉查的地面图像一起用于估计天文-太阳至日方向(2)。数字高程模型在山区很有用,在那里我们需要实际的地平线来计算特定日期(至日)的日落和日出,这对印加人来说非常重要。我们测试了哪些天文现象与奥扬坦博的物体有关。首先,我们专注于太阳神庙,也被称为六块巨石之墙。我们测试了冬至日出和昴宿星团在公元2000年、1500年和1000年的运行情况。根据我们的结果,圣殿既不与冬至日出相连,也不与昴宿星团相连。然后我们也测试了冬至日落。我们试着用这条线从太阳庙遗址附近的观测点出发,朝西朝北,朝日落方向。从这一点出发的天文方位角比我们需要的少了5°。从这个结果我们发现,有可能找到另一个观测点。通过萨拉查(Salazar)和萨拉查(Salazar)(2),我们在帕卡里坦普(Pacaritanpu)附近的金字塔角落(东矩形)找到了观测点,位于河边。在河边有一条线连接着东部的长方形“平台”,沿着印加道路向上延伸到太阳神庙附近,然后朝着印加的方向延伸。利用数字高程模型,我们找到了天文方位角,这是确定寺庙天文方位所需要的。所以,我们终于能够在奥扬坦博展示太阳至日方向的可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of gravity field model EIGEN-6C4 by means of various functions of gravity potential, and by GNSS/levelling 利用重力势的各种函数和GNSS/调平技术对EIGEN-6C4重力场模型进行评价
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.14311/GI.14.1.1
J. Kostelecký, J. Klokočník, Blazej Bucha, A. Bezděk, C. Förste
The combined gravity field model EIGEN-6C4 (Forste et al., 2014) is the latest combined global gravity field model of GFZ Potsdam and GRGS Toulouse. EIGEN-6C4 has been generated including the satellite gravity gradiometry data of the entire GOCE mission (November 2009 till October 2013) and is of maximum spherical degree and order 2190. In this study EIGEN-6C4 has been compared with EGM2008 to its maximum degree and order via gravity disturbances and T zz part of the Marussi tensor of the second derivatives of the disturbing potential. The emphasis is put on such areas where GOCE data (complete set of gradiometry measurements after reductions) in EIGEN-6C4 obviously contributes to an improvement of the gravity field description.  GNSS/levelling geoid heights are independent data source for the evaluation of gravity field models. Therefore, we use the GNSS/levelling data sets over the territories of Europe, Czech Republic and Slovakia for the evaluation of EIGEN-6C4 w.r.t. EGM2008.
EIGEN-6C4组合重力场模型(Forste et al., 2014)是波茨坦GFZ和图卢兹GRGS最新的全球组合重力场模型。EIGEN-6C4已生成,包括整个GOCE任务(2009年11月至2013年10月)的卫星重力梯度数据,最大球面度,阶数为2190。在本研究中,通过重力扰动和扰动势二阶导数的Marussi张量的tzz部分,比较了EIGEN-6C4与EGM2008的最大度和阶数。重点介绍了EIGEN-6C4的GOCE数据(还原后的完整梯度测量数据)对重力场描述有明显改善作用的区域。GNSS/水准面高度是评估重力场模型的独立数据源。因此,我们使用欧洲、捷克共和国和斯洛伐克境内的GNSS/水准数据集对EIGEN-6C4 w.r.t. EGM2008进行评估。
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引用次数: 17
Accuracy evaluation of pendulum gravity measurements of Robert von Sterneck 罗伯特·冯·斯特内克钟摆重力测量的精度评价
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.14311/GI.14.1.3
A. Pešková, Jan Holešovský
The accuracy of first pendulum gravity measurements in the Czech territory was determined using both original surveying notebooks of Robert Daublebsky von Sterneck and modern technologies. Since more accurate methods are used for gravity measurements nowadays, our work is mostly important from the historical point of view. In previous  works, the accuracy of Sterneck’s gravity measurements was determined using only a small dataset. Here we process all Sterneck’s measurements from the Czech territory (a dataset ten times larger than in the previous works, and we complexly assess the accuracy of these measurements. Locations of the measurements were found with the help of original notebooks. Gravity in the site was interpolated using actual gravity models. Finally, the accuracy of Sterneck’s measurements was evaluated as the difference between the measured and interpolated gravity.
捷克境内第一次钟摆重力测量的准确性是利用罗伯特·多布布斯基·冯·斯特内克的原始测量笔记和现代技术确定的。由于现在使用了更精确的方法进行重力测量,从历史的角度来看,我们的工作最重要。在之前的工作中,Sterneck的重力测量的准确性仅使用一个小数据集来确定。在这里,我们处理了Sterneck在捷克领土上的所有测量结果(数据集比之前的工作大十倍),并对这些测量结果的准确性进行了复杂的评估。测量地点是在原始笔记本的帮助下找到的。现场的重力是用实际重力模型插值的。最后,Sterneck的测量精度被评价为测量和插值重力之间的差值。
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引用次数: 0
Minimal Detectable Displacement Achievable by GPS-RTK in CZEPOS Network GPS-RTK在CZEPOS网络中实现最小可探测位移
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.14311/GI.14.1.2
Martin Raška, J. Pospíšil
In this paper we have made a brief study of RTK precision to estimate possibilities of network RTK using CZEPOS for purposes of geotechnic monitoring of landslides in real time. In this paper we describe a testing methodology, which resulted in estimation of point-position precision and describing minimal detectable positional change. Based on our results it is concluded that displacements could be detected with centimetre accuracy even with short-period observations.
本文对RTK精度进行了简要的研究,以估计CZEPOS网络RTK用于滑坡岩土工程实时监测的可能性。在本文中,我们描述了一种测试方法,它可以估计点位置精度并描述最小可检测的位置变化。根据我们的结果,可以得出结论,即使是短周期的观测,也可以以厘米精度检测位移。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Geoinformatics FCE CTU
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