Vojtěch Barták, K. Gdulová, O. Spatenková, Aleš Bárta, P. Šímová
Systematic spatial risk analysis plays a crucial role in preventing emergencies.In the Czech Republic, risk mapping is currently based on the risk accumulationprinciple, area vulnerability, and preparedness levels of Integrated Rescue Systemcomponents. Expert estimates are used to determine risk levels for individualhazard types, while statistical modelling based on data from actual incidents andtheir possible causes is not used. Our model study, conducted in cooperation withthe Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic as a model within the Liberec andHradec Kralove regions, presents an analytical procedure leading to the creation ofbuilding fire probability maps based on recent incidents in the studied areas andon building parameters. In order to estimate the probability of building fires, aprediction model based on logistic regression was used. Probability of fire calculatedby means of model parameters and attributes of specific buildings can subsequentlybe visualized in probability maps.
{"title":"Modelling the probability of building fires","authors":"Vojtěch Barták, K. Gdulová, O. Spatenková, Aleš Bárta, P. Šímová","doi":"10.14311/GI.13.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.13.5","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic spatial risk analysis plays a crucial role in preventing emergencies.In the Czech Republic, risk mapping is currently based on the risk accumulationprinciple, area vulnerability, and preparedness levels of Integrated Rescue Systemcomponents. Expert estimates are used to determine risk levels for individualhazard types, while statistical modelling based on data from actual incidents andtheir possible causes is not used. Our model study, conducted in cooperation withthe Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic as a model within the Liberec andHradec Kralove regions, presents an analytical procedure leading to the creation ofbuilding fire probability maps based on recent incidents in the studied areas andon building parameters. In order to estimate the probability of building fires, aprediction model based on logistic regression was used. Probability of fire calculatedby means of model parameters and attributes of specific buildings can subsequentlybe visualized in probability maps.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134268428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with geodetic measurements of mutual longitudinal displacements ofconstruction of the railway bridge and rails on the bridge in Klasterec nad Oh i.Construction of the bridge is made of steel with a concrete deck, which carries the stonesuperstructure and rails. The bridge is about 100 meters long and expected deformationsare in millimetres. The method of geodetic network with the expected standard deviationsof coordinates about 0.2 mm was chosen. The deformation of the structure was determinedto be 4 mm, the deformation of the rails was determined to be 1 mm, both as a result ofepoch comparison.
{"title":"Geodetic Measurement of Longitudinal Displacements of the Railway Bridge","authors":"J. Braun, M. Štroner","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with geodetic measurements of mutual longitudinal displacements ofconstruction of the railway bridge and rails on the bridge in Klasterec nad Oh i.Construction of the bridge is made of steel with a concrete deck, which carries the stonesuperstructure and rails. The bridge is about 100 meters long and expected deformationsare in millimetres. The method of geodetic network with the expected standard deviationsof coordinates about 0.2 mm was chosen. The deformation of the structure was determinedto be 4 mm, the deformation of the rails was determined to be 1 mm, both as a result ofepoch comparison.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114240744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained navigation technique. Its main purpose is to determinate the position and the trajectory of the objects movement in space. This technique is well represented not only as a supplementary method (GPS/INS integrated system) but as an autonomous system for navigation of vehicles and pedestrians, also. The aim of this paper is to design a test for low-cost inertial measurement units. The test results give us information about accuracy, which determine the possible use in indoor navigation or other applications. There are described some methods for processing the data obtained by inertial measurement units, which remove noise and improve accuracy of position and orientation.
{"title":"Testing of the Possibilities of Using IMUs with Different Types of Movements","authors":"P. Kajánek","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.10","url":null,"abstract":"Inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained navigation technique. Its main purpose is to determinate the position and the trajectory of the objects movement in space. This technique is well represented not only as a supplementary method (GPS/INS integrated system) but as an autonomous system for navigation of vehicles and pedestrians, also. The aim of this paper is to design a test for low-cost inertial measurement units. The test results give us information about accuracy, which determine the possible use in indoor navigation or other applications. There are described some methods for processing the data obtained by inertial measurement units, which remove noise and improve accuracy of position and orientation.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126295963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Beran, L. Danisch, A. Chrzanowski, Maciej Bazanowski
Measurement of sub-millimetre-level deformations of structures in the presence of ambient temperature changes can be challenging. This paper describes the measurement of a structure moving due to temperature changes, using two ShapeAccelArray (SAA) instruments, and verified by a geodetic monitoring system. SAA is a geotechnical instrument often used for monitoring of displacements in soil. SAA uses micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors to measure tilt in the gravity field. The geodetic monitoring system, which uses ALERT software, senses the displacements of targets relative to control points, using a robotic total station (RTS). The test setup consists of a central four-metre free-standing steel tube with other steel tubes welded to most of its length. The central tube is anchored in a concrete foundation. This composite “pole” is equipped with two SAAs as well as three geodetic prisms mounted on the top, in the middle, and in the foundation. The geodetic system uses multiple control targets mounted in concrete foundations of nearby buildings, and at the base of the pole. Long-term observations using two SAAs indicate that the pole is subject to deformations due to cyclical ambient temperature variations causing the pole to move by a few millimetres each day. In a multiple-day experiment, it was possible to track this movement using SAA as well as the RTS system. This paper presents data comparing the measurements of the two instruments and provides a good example of the detection of two-dimensional movements of seemingly rigid objects due to temperature changes.
{"title":"Measurement of Deformations by MEMS Arrays, Verified at Sub-millimetre Level Using Robotic Total Stations","authors":"T. Beran, L. Danisch, A. Chrzanowski, Maciej Bazanowski","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.6","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of sub-millimetre-level deformations of structures in the presence of ambient temperature changes can be challenging. This paper describes the measurement of a structure moving due to temperature changes, using two ShapeAccelArray (SAA) instruments, and verified by a geodetic monitoring system. SAA is a geotechnical instrument often used for monitoring of displacements in soil. SAA uses micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors to measure tilt in the gravity field. The geodetic monitoring system, which uses ALERT software, senses the displacements of targets relative to control points, using a robotic total station (RTS). The test setup consists of a central four-metre free-standing steel tube with other steel tubes welded to most of its length. The central tube is anchored in a concrete foundation. This composite “pole” is equipped with two SAAs as well as three geodetic prisms mounted on the top, in the middle, and in the foundation. The geodetic system uses multiple control targets mounted in concrete foundations of nearby buildings, and at the base of the pole. Long-term observations using two SAAs indicate that the pole is subject to deformations due to cyclical ambient temperature variations causing the pole to move by a few millimetres each day. In a multiple-day experiment, it was possible to track this movement using SAA as well as the RTS system. This paper presents data comparing the measurements of the two instruments and provides a good example of the detection of two-dimensional movements of seemingly rigid objects due to temperature changes.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127909750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with the construction and determination of coordinates of the absoluteEDMs baseline in a laboratory with 16 pillars with forced centring. Leica Absolute TrackerAT401 (standard deviation of distance measurement: 5 μ m, standard deviation of anglemeasurement: 0.15 mgon), which is designed for very accurate industrial measurements,was used for our purpose. Lengths between the baseline points were determined with astandard deviation of 0.02 mm. The baseline is used for determining systematic and randomerrors of distance meters and for accuracy of distance meters at short distances commonin engineering surveying for purposes of mechanical engineering.
{"title":"Absolute Baseline for Testing of Electronic Distance Meters","authors":"J. Braun, F. Dvorácek, M. Štroner","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the construction and determination of coordinates of the absoluteEDMs baseline in a laboratory with 16 pillars with forced centring. Leica Absolute TrackerAT401 (standard deviation of distance measurement: 5 μ m, standard deviation of anglemeasurement: 0.15 mgon), which is designed for very accurate industrial measurements,was used for our purpose. Lengths between the baseline points were determined with astandard deviation of 0.02 mm. The baseline is used for determining systematic and randomerrors of distance meters and for accuracy of distance meters at short distances commonin engineering surveying for purposes of mechanical engineering.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126833911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the possibilities of radar interferometry in dynamic deformationmonitoring of bridge structures. The technology is increasingly used for this purposethanks to high accuracy of realized measurements and possibility to measure deformationat multiple places of the monitored structure. High frequency of realized measurements (upto 200 Hz) enables to determine the most of significant vibration modes of bridgedeformation. This technology is presented on real case study of the cycle bridge over theriver Morava near to Bratislava (Slovak republic). A spectral analysis of vibrationfrequencies is performed by discrete Fourier transformation. The evaluation of correctnessof the obtained deformation is performed by comparison of the results with accelerometerand total station measurements and FEM (Finite Element Method) model of the structure.
{"title":"Monitoring of Bridge Dynamics by Radar Interferometry","authors":"I. Lipták, J. Erdélyi, P. Kyrinovič, A. Kopáčik","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the possibilities of radar interferometry in dynamic deformationmonitoring of bridge structures. The technology is increasingly used for this purposethanks to high accuracy of realized measurements and possibility to measure deformationat multiple places of the monitored structure. High frequency of realized measurements (upto 200 Hz) enables to determine the most of significant vibration modes of bridgedeformation. This technology is presented on real case study of the cycle bridge over theriver Morava near to Bratislava (Slovak republic). A spectral analysis of vibrationfrequencies is performed by discrete Fourier transformation. The evaluation of correctnessof the obtained deformation is performed by comparison of the results with accelerometerand total station measurements and FEM (Finite Element Method) model of the structure.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133337028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is necessary to be careful of geometric accuracy of the roadways when constructing them.Correct thickness of the individual construction layers together with roughness of thepavement belongs among important influences ensuring lifetime of the roadways andvehicles and for comfortable and safe car ride. It is necessary beside other things to havea reliable check measurement method at disposal so as to ensure the required accuracy ofthe individual construction layers will be achieved. The check measurement method mustbe able to measure a checked construction component with the required accuracy and withsufficiently high density describing not only global deviations, but also local deviations. The highest requirements on accuracy are placed on the final construction layer of theroadway. Layer thickness and pavement roughness are being evaluated here. The 3Dterrestrial scanning method is currently offered for geometric checking of its realization.The article deals with testing of procedure of the pavement roughness measurement withthe 3D terrestrial scanning system and with its verification by a total station measurement.Emphasis is put on verification of accuracy of absolute heights of points in the 3D modelof the pavement and on size of random errors in the elevation component. Results of thetesting clarified using the 3D terrestrial scanning systems and their accuracy for check ofthe roadway surface.
{"title":"Determination of Pavement Elevations by the 3D Scanning System and Its Verification","authors":"T. Křemen, M. Štroner, Pavel Třasák","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.9","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to be careful of geometric accuracy of the roadways when constructing them.Correct thickness of the individual construction layers together with roughness of thepavement belongs among important influences ensuring lifetime of the roadways andvehicles and for comfortable and safe car ride. It is necessary beside other things to havea reliable check measurement method at disposal so as to ensure the required accuracy ofthe individual construction layers will be achieved. The check measurement method mustbe able to measure a checked construction component with the required accuracy and withsufficiently high density describing not only global deviations, but also local deviations. The highest requirements on accuracy are placed on the final construction layer of theroadway. Layer thickness and pavement roughness are being evaluated here. The 3Dterrestrial scanning method is currently offered for geometric checking of its realization.The article deals with testing of procedure of the pavement roughness measurement withthe 3D terrestrial scanning system and with its verification by a total station measurement.Emphasis is put on verification of accuracy of absolute heights of points in the 3D modelof the pavement and on size of random errors in the elevation component. Results of thetesting clarified using the 3D terrestrial scanning systems and their accuracy for check ofthe roadway surface.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127818063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper includes conclusions from evaluation of results obtained from long-termmeasuring of innovative atypical roof timber structures. Based on the results ofmeasurements of vertical and horizontal deformation components it is possible to analyzethe real behavior of structures in given conditions. By assessing deformations in variousstages, including particularly external and internal environment temperatures, relative airhumidity and moisture content of wood, decisive parameters for real structure behaviorcan be established. The data are processed from period 2001 – 2013.
{"title":"Long-term Deformation Measurements of Atypical Roof Timber Structures","authors":"J. Bureš, O. Švábenský, M. Kalina","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper includes conclusions from evaluation of results obtained from long-termmeasuring of innovative atypical roof timber structures. Based on the results ofmeasurements of vertical and horizontal deformation components it is possible to analyzethe real behavior of structures in given conditions. By assessing deformations in variousstages, including particularly external and internal environment temperatures, relative airhumidity and moisture content of wood, decisive parameters for real structure behaviorcan be established. The data are processed from period 2001 – 2013.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121387181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the area of Prague Castle there is already about 10 years of periodical measurement ofthe height changes in the buildings and structures being performed. The measurementmethod is precise levelling predominantly. Until now, these measurements have beenevaluated only locally with respect to each building and its stability without an overall viewof the situation of possible movements of individual parts of the surface Prague Castle.Whereas there are height shift of some points between epochs undoubtedly, a new andcomplete adjustment of each measured epoch and mutual assessment of changes betweenepochs using robust analysis was conducted. This comparison shows the relative movementof certain parts against another. The results are consistent with current knowledge of thegeology in the area of the Prague Castle.
{"title":"Stability Determination of the Surface Area of the Prague Castle by the Periodically Measured Levelling Network and Robust Analysis","authors":"M. Štroner, R. Urban, T. Kubín","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the area of Prague Castle there is already about 10 years of periodical measurement ofthe height changes in the buildings and structures being performed. The measurementmethod is precise levelling predominantly. Until now, these measurements have beenevaluated only locally with respect to each building and its stability without an overall viewof the situation of possible movements of individual parts of the surface Prague Castle.Whereas there are height shift of some points between epochs undoubtedly, a new andcomplete adjustment of each measured epoch and mutual assessment of changes betweenepochs using robust analysis was conducted. This comparison shows the relative movementof certain parts against another. The results are consistent with current knowledge of thegeology in the area of the Prague Castle.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124010476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The image based modeling finds use in applications where it is necessary to reconstructthe 3D surface of the observed object with a high level of detail. Previous experiments showrelatively high variability of the results depending on the camera type used, the processingsoftware, or the process evaluation. The authors tested the method of SFM (Structure fromMotion) to determine the stability of gabion walls. The results of photogrammetricmeasurements were compared to precise geodetic point measurements.
{"title":"Deformation Measurements of Gabion Walls Using Image Based Modeling","authors":"M. Fraštia, M. Marčiš, O. Trhan","doi":"10.14311/GI.12.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.12.8","url":null,"abstract":"The image based modeling finds use in applications where it is necessary to reconstructthe 3D surface of the observed object with a high level of detail. Previous experiments showrelatively high variability of the results depending on the camera type used, the processingsoftware, or the process evaluation. The authors tested the method of SFM (Structure fromMotion) to determine the stability of gabion walls. The results of photogrammetricmeasurements were compared to precise geodetic point measurements.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129508447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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