Modern techniques for the map analysis allow for the creation of full or partial geometric reconstruction of its content. The projection is described by the set of estimated constant values: transformed pole position, standard parallel latitude, longitude of the central meridian, and a constant parameter. Analogously the analyzed map is represented by its constant values: auxiliary sphere radius, origin shifts, and angle of rotation. Several new methods denoted as M6-M9 for the estimation of an unknown map projection and its parameters differing in the number of determined parameters, reliability, robustness, and convergence have been developed. However, their computational demands are similar. Instead of directly measuring the dissimilarity of two projections, the analyzed map in an unknown projection and the image of the sphere in the well-known (i.e., analyzed) projection are compared. Several distance functions for the similarity measurements based on the location as well as shape similarity approaches are proposed. An unconstrained global optimization problem poorly scaled, with large residuals, for the vector of unknown parameters is solved by the hybrid BFGS method. To avoid a slower convergence rate for small residual problems, it has the ability to switch between first- and second-order methods. Such an analysis is beneficial and interesting for historic, old, or current maps without information about the projection. Its importance is primarily referred to refinement of spatial georeference for the medium- and small-scale maps, analysis of the knowledge about the former world, analysis of the incorrectly/inaccurately drawn regions, and appropriate cataloging of maps. The proposed algorithms have been implemented in the new version of the detectproj software.
{"title":"Estimation of the Cartographic Projection and~its Application in Geoinformatics-habilitation thesis presentation","authors":"T. Bayer","doi":"10.14311/GI.16.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.16.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Modern techniques for the map analysis allow for the creation of full or partial geometric reconstruction of its content. The projection is described by the set of estimated constant values: transformed pole position, standard parallel latitude, longitude of the central meridian, and a constant parameter. Analogously the analyzed map is represented by its constant values: auxiliary sphere radius, origin shifts, and angle of rotation. Several new methods denoted as M6-M9 for the estimation of an unknown map projection and its parameters differing in the number of determined parameters, reliability, robustness, and convergence have been developed. However, their computational demands are similar. Instead of directly measuring the dissimilarity of two projections, the analyzed map in an unknown projection and the image of the sphere in the well-known (i.e., analyzed) projection are compared. Several distance functions for the similarity measurements based on the location as well as shape similarity approaches are proposed. An unconstrained global optimization problem poorly scaled, with large residuals, for the vector of unknown parameters is solved by the hybrid BFGS method. To avoid a slower convergence rate for small residual problems, it has the ability to switch between first- and second-order methods. Such an analysis is beneficial and interesting for historic, old, or current maps without information about the projection. Its importance is primarily referred to refinement of spatial georeference for the medium- and small-scale maps, analysis of the knowledge about the former world, analysis of the incorrectly/inaccurately drawn regions, and appropriate cataloging of maps. The proposed algorithms have been implemented in the new version of the detectproj software.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130329074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The method of building outline extraction based on segmentation of airborne laser scanning data is proposed and tested on a dataset comprising 1,400 buildings typical for residential and industrial urban areas. The algorithm starts with setting a special threshold to separate building from bare earth points and low objects. Next, local planes are fitted to each point using RANSAC and further refined by least squares adjustment. A normal vector is assigned to each point. Similarities among normal vectors are evaluated in order to assemble planar or curved roof segments. Finally, building outlines are formed from detected segments using the a-shapes algorithm and further regularized. The extracted outlines were compared with reference polygons manually derived from the processed laser scanning point cloud and orthoimages. Area-based evaluation of accuracy of the proposed method revealed completeness and correctness of 87 % and 97 %, respectively, for the test dataset. The influence of parameters like number of points per roof segment, complexity of the roof structure, roof type, and overlap with vegetation on accuracy was evaluated and discussed.
{"title":"Comprehensive approach for building outline extraction from LiDAR data with accent to a sparse laser scanning point cloud","authors":"Petr Hofman, M. Potůčková","doi":"10.14311/GI.16.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.16.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The method of building outline extraction based on segmentation of airborne laser scanning data is proposed and tested on a dataset comprising 1,400 buildings typical for residential and industrial urban areas. The algorithm starts with setting a special threshold to separate building from bare earth points and low objects. Next, local planes are fitted to each point using RANSAC and further refined by least squares adjustment. A normal vector is assigned to each point. Similarities among normal vectors are evaluated in order to assemble planar or curved roof segments. Finally, building outlines are formed from detected segments using the a-shapes algorithm and further regularized. The extracted outlines were compared with reference polygons manually derived from the processed laser scanning point cloud and orthoimages. Area-based evaluation of accuracy of the proposed method revealed completeness and correctness of 87 % and 97 %, respectively, for the test dataset. The influence of parameters like number of points per roof segment, complexity of the roof structure, roof type, and overlap with vegetation on accuracy was evaluated and discussed.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116127287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The archival aerial photographs are widely used for landscape change analysis, settlement identification or georelief reconstructions. The large archive of old aerial photographs is available for the whole Czech Republic and these data are often used by scientists, historians, students, etc. The quality of the datasets (orthophoto, digital surface models) resulting from archival aerial images processing is crucial for the ongoing analyses. The accuracy test of digital surface models derived from archival aerial images origintaing from 1938 and 1953 is presented within this paper. These two timelines were chosen because they preserve the landscape structure in the begining of the heavy indudstrialization of the Czech Republic.
{"title":"Accuracy of Digital Surface Models derived from archival aerial photographs. Case study for the Czech Republic.","authors":"J. Pacina, J. Popelka","doi":"10.14311/gi.16.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/gi.16.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The archival aerial photographs are widely used for landscape change analysis, settlement identification or georelief reconstructions. The large archive of old aerial photographs is available for the whole Czech Republic and these data are often used by scientists, historians, students, etc. The quality of the datasets (orthophoto, digital surface models) resulting from archival aerial images processing is crucial for the ongoing analyses. The accuracy test of digital surface models derived from archival aerial images origintaing from 1938 and 1953 is presented within this paper. These two timelines were chosen because they preserve the landscape structure in the begining of the heavy indudstrialization of the Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"423 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133452477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deal with the design and the creation of a survey net during the metric survey documentation of the current state of a historical building. The paper aims to define the general rules for the design of the survey net, which are based on the Least Squares Method ( LSM ), Huber´s M-estimation and the requirement of practical heritage preservation. The paper presents three different examples of survey nets and types of historical buildings.
{"title":"Design of a survey net for metric survey documentation of a historical building","authors":"Z. Poloprutský","doi":"10.14311/GI.16.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.16.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deal with the design and the creation of a survey net during the metric survey documentation of the current state of a historical building. The paper aims to define the general rules for the design of the survey net, which are based on the Least Squares Method ( LSM ), Huber´s M-estimation and the requirement of practical heritage preservation. The paper presents three different examples of survey nets and types of historical buildings.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124857822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reconstruction of historical spatial relationships is still a topical issue in historical geography. In this respect, the Church history has not been well explored. The parish administration in the Czech lands is evolving since the advent of Christianity in 863, and a number of reforms have passed over the centuries. Significant changes in the administration also underwent during recatholisation of the Czech lands in the 17th and 18th century. From this Baroque era, there are written sources which have been preserved, so they can be utilized to reconstruct historical Church administration in the form of web mapping application. The paper briefly introduces methods which were used to build a spatial database filled with historical data. However, the main outcome of this paper is to describe the creation of the web mapping application that provides visualisation of this data. Discussed are topics like cartographic project, choice of map symbols, data generalization for different levels of detail and placement of annotations. Display of cartographic data were performed using the ArcGIS platform, through a combination of map tiles and feature services that are bundled into the application template created in Web AppBuilder.
{"title":"Web mapping application of Roman Catholic Church administration in the Czech lands in the early modern period","authors":"P. Seemann","doi":"10.14311/GI.16.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.16.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstruction of historical spatial relationships is still a topical issue in historical geography. In this respect, the Church history has not been well explored. The parish administration in the Czech lands is evolving since the advent of Christianity in 863, and a number of reforms have passed over the centuries. Significant changes in the administration also underwent during recatholisation of the Czech lands in the 17th and 18th century. From this Baroque era, there are written sources which have been preserved, so they can be utilized to reconstruct historical Church administration in the form of web mapping application. The paper briefly introduces methods which were used to build a spatial database filled with historical data. However, the main outcome of this paper is to describe the creation of the web mapping application that provides visualisation of this data. Discussed are topics like cartographic project, choice of map symbols, data generalization for different levels of detail and placement of annotations. Display of cartographic data were performed using the ArcGIS platform, through a combination of map tiles and feature services that are bundled into the application template created in Web AppBuilder.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"391 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132474760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is focused on a comparison measurement processing of absolute gravimeters in 2013. The comparison deals with a number of various types of absolute gravimeters and includes also an absolute gravimeter from Geodetic observatory Pecný. Comparative measurements are performed to detect systematic errors of gravimeters. A result of processing is most likely value of a gravity and a systematic error of individual devices. Measured values are input to a adjustment with condition a sum of systematic errors is zero. A part of this process is also verification following output: (i) value of a posteriori standard deviation, (ii) size of corrections and (iii) statistical significance of systematic errors. The results of adjustment are 15 gravity values on the reference places and 25 systematic errors of measuring instruments. Result shows that the presence of systematic errors in measurements is not statistically provable because the systematic errors are similarly sized as their standard deviation.
{"title":"Adjustment and testing comparison of absolute gravimeters in November 2013","authors":"A. Pešková, M. Štroner","doi":"10.14311/GI.16.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.16.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on a comparison measurement processing of absolute gravimeters in 2013. The comparison deals with a number of various types of absolute gravimeters and includes also an absolute gravimeter from Geodetic observatory Pecný. Comparative measurements are performed to detect systematic errors of gravimeters. A result of processing is most likely value of a gravity and a systematic error of individual devices. Measured values are input to a adjustment with condition a sum of systematic errors is zero. A part of this process is also verification following output: (i) value of a posteriori standard deviation, (ii) size of corrections and (iii) statistical significance of systematic errors. The results of adjustment are 15 gravity values on the reference places and 25 systematic errors of measuring instruments. Result shows that the presence of systematic errors in measurements is not statistically provable because the systematic errors are similarly sized as their standard deviation.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127326052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper introduces testing procedures of several different geodetic centring devices performed mostly at the laboratory of the Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography. Functional construction characteristics of a spherically mounted retroreflector Leica RRR 1.5’’, rotatable carriers Sokkia AP41 and Leica GZR3 and 12 different geodetic tribraches were examined. Further, a centring displacement instrument developed at the Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Special Geodesy, is evaluated in both laboratory and field conditions. For all tests, laser tracker Leica AT401 with a 5 μm standard uncertainty of absolute distance measurement, was employed.
{"title":"Precision Tests of Geodetic Centring Equipment","authors":"F. Dvorácek","doi":"10.14311/GI.15.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.15.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces testing procedures of several different geodetic centring devices performed mostly at the laboratory of the Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography. Functional construction characteristics of a spherically mounted retroreflector Leica RRR 1.5’’, rotatable carriers Sokkia AP41 and Leica GZR3 and 12 different geodetic tribraches were examined. Further, a centring displacement instrument developed at the Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Special Geodesy, is evaluated in both laboratory and field conditions. For all tests, laser tracker Leica AT401 with a 5 μm standard uncertainty of absolute distance measurement, was employed.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130179968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a vast theoretical background for evaluation of scientific works and there are a lot of ways how to, if possible, objectively evaluate the significance and quality of individual theses, authors and researches. Various evaluation elements are more or less objective in different branches of research and it is necessary to consider suitability of their use and "justness" of the final comparison. Then it depends on each metric, how it uses these and other parameters and how many iterations it logs. Elementary ways of calculation of these indicators of quality, their properties and scientific power evaluation of an researcher are briefly explained in this article.
{"title":"Rating of authors","authors":"V. Stehlíková, M. Urban, Ondřej Netvich","doi":"10.14311/GI.15.2.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.15.2.0","url":null,"abstract":"There is a vast theoretical background for evaluation of scientific works and there are a lot of ways how to, if possible, objectively evaluate the significance and quality of individual theses, authors and researches. Various evaluation elements are more or less objective in different branches of research and it is necessary to consider suitability of their use and \"justness\" of the final comparison. Then it depends on each metric, how it uses these and other parameters and how many iterations it logs. Elementary ways of calculation of these indicators of quality, their properties and scientific power evaluation of an researcher are briefly explained in this article.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126741552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the documentation, positional determination of urn graves of the Knoviz culture (1200 - 1000 BC), and geometric and positional determination of tumulus at the archaeological site located near the village Ctiněves, in the Usti region in the Czech Republic. Several hundred urn graves are located in the archaeological site and it is one of the biggest burial sites of Knoviz culture in the Czech Republic. RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) was used for the documentation and positional determination of urn graves and tumulus. RPAS was equipped by visible spectral range, two near-infrared range, multispectral and thermal camera (one camera for a single flight). The result is a unique data set documenting this archaeological site. Thanks to the suitable winter and spring conditions in 2016 urn graves and tumulus could be detected on the basis of vegetation symptoms. The paper is also focused on how to process the data and creation of a differential digital surface model.
{"title":"Documentation of Urn Graves of Knovíz Culture by RPAS","authors":"J. Šedina, E. Housarová, E. Matoušková","doi":"10.14311/GI.15.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.15.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the documentation, positional determination of urn graves of the Knoviz culture (1200 - 1000 BC), and geometric and positional determination of tumulus at the archaeological site located near the village Ctiněves, in the Usti region in the Czech Republic. Several hundred urn graves are located in the archaeological site and it is one of the biggest burial sites of Knoviz culture in the Czech Republic. RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) was used for the documentation and positional determination of urn graves and tumulus. RPAS was equipped by visible spectral range, two near-infrared range, multispectral and thermal camera (one camera for a single flight). The result is a unique data set documenting this archaeological site. Thanks to the suitable winter and spring conditions in 2016 urn graves and tumulus could be detected on the basis of vegetation symptoms. The paper is also focused on how to process the data and creation of a differential digital surface model.","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114949078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. O. Makinde, A. Salami, J. Olaleye, Oluwapelumi Comfort Okewusi
Several studies have been carried out to find an appropriate method to classify the remote sensing data. Traditional classification approaches are all pixel-based, and do not utilize the spatial information within an object which is an important source of information to image classification. Thus, this study compared the pixel based and object based classification algorithms using RapidEye satellite image of Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos. In the object-oriented approach, the image was segmented to homogenous area by suitable parameters such as scale parameter, compactness, shape etc. Classification based on segments was done by a nearest neighbour classifier. In the pixel-based classification, the spectral angle mapper was used to classify the images. The user accuracy for each class using object based classification were 98.31% for waterbody, 92.31% for vegetation, 86.67% for bare soil and 90.57% for Built up while the user accuracy for the pixel based classification were 98.28% for waterbody, 84.06% for Vegetation 86.36% and 79.41% for Built up. These classification techniques were subjected to accuracy assessment and the overall accuracy of the Object based classification was 94.47%, while that of Pixel based classification yielded 86.64%. The result of classification and accuracy assessment show that the object-based approach gave more accurate and satisfying results
为了找到一种合适的遥感数据分类方法，已经进行了一些研究。传统的分类方法都是基于像素的，没有利用物体内部的空间信息，而空间信息是图像分类的重要信息来源。因此，本研究利用拉各斯etii - osa LGA的RapidEye卫星图像，比较了基于像素和基于目标的分类算法。在面向对象的方法中，通过合适的尺度参数、紧凑度、形状等参数将图像分割成均匀的区域。基于片段的分类由最近邻分类器完成。在基于像素的分类中，使用光谱角度映射器对图像进行分类。水体、植被、裸土和Built - up分类的用户准确率分别为98.31%、92.31%、86.67%和90.57%，而像元分类的用户准确率分别为98.28%、84.06%、86.36%和79.41%。对这些分类技术进行了准确率评估，基于目标的分类总体准确率为94.47%，而基于像素的分类总体准确率为86.64%。分类和准确率评估结果表明，基于对象的分类方法具有更高的准确率和令人满意的结果
{"title":"Object Based and Pixel Based Classification Using Rapideye Satellite Imager of ETI-OSA, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"E. O. Makinde, A. Salami, J. Olaleye, Oluwapelumi Comfort Okewusi","doi":"10.14311/GI.15.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/GI.15.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have been carried out to find an appropriate method to classify the remote sensing data. Traditional classification approaches are all pixel-based, and do not utilize the spatial information within an object which is an important source of information to image classification. Thus, this study compared the pixel based and object based classification algorithms using RapidEye satellite image of Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos. In the object-oriented approach, the image was segmented to homogenous area by suitable parameters such as scale parameter, compactness, shape etc. Classification based on segments was done by a nearest neighbour classifier. In the pixel-based classification, the spectral angle mapper was used to classify the images. The user accuracy for each class using object based classification were 98.31% for waterbody, 92.31% for vegetation, 86.67% for bare soil and 90.57% for Built up while the user accuracy for the pixel based classification were 98.28% for waterbody, 84.06% for Vegetation 86.36% and 79.41% for Built up. These classification techniques were subjected to accuracy assessment and the overall accuracy of the Object based classification was 94.47%, while that of Pixel based classification yielded 86.64%. The result of classification and accuracy assessment show that the object-based approach gave more accurate and satisfying results","PeriodicalId":436054,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatics FCE CTU","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114138014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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