Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.28.1.2333.2
Asal Fazeli, B. Dolatshahi, Shima Shakiba
Introduction: Cognitive deficits have been recognized as a core feature of schizophrenia, which is directly associated with the functional and social outcomes of this disorder. Cognitive remediation therapy aims to improve the deficits and the following outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive remediation therapy on attention and working memory in two groups of patients with Schizophrenia (low cognitive deficit and moderate one). Methods: 30 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were selected and divided into two different groups by clinical interview and the score obtained in the MoCA Patients with low cognitive deficits and moderate cognitive deficits evaluated by classic Stroop test, Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and N-Back test before and after the treatment. Both groups received cognitive remediation therapy by the method of Sholberg and Mateer (2001). This rehabilitation program in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia focuses on the cognitive abilities of memory and its elements, attention and dimensions of attention and executive function. The above rehabilitation program is prepared for individual or group implementation and its purpose is to repair cognitive deficits and skills through practice and training. The number of sessions of this program includes 16 sessions, and the instructions for each session are very specific. Each session takes an average of 30 to 45 minutes. Findings: The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation in both groups at the post-test level significantly (P≤0.05) improved cognitive performance in the areas of sustained attention, selective attention and working memory. Comparing the performance between the two groups, only a significant difference (P≤0.05) was observed between the two groups in the field of sustained attention. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be said that cognitive rehabilitation treatment improves patients' performance in selective attention, sustained attention and working memory. In addition, in terms of the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation between the two groups with low and moderate cognitive deficits, the findings indicate more progress in the group with more severe cognitive deficits in the field of sustained attention and no difference in terms of progress in selective attention performance and working memory.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Improving Cognitive Deficits (Attention and Memory) in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia Based on Cognitive Levels","authors":"Asal Fazeli, B. Dolatshahi, Shima Shakiba","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.1.2333.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.1.2333.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cognitive deficits have been recognized as a core feature of schizophrenia, which is directly associated with the functional and social outcomes of this disorder. Cognitive remediation therapy aims to improve the deficits and the following outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive remediation therapy on attention and working memory in two groups of patients with Schizophrenia (low cognitive deficit and moderate one). Methods: 30 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were selected and divided into two different groups by clinical interview and the score obtained in the MoCA Patients with low cognitive deficits and moderate cognitive deficits evaluated by classic Stroop test, Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and N-Back test before and after the treatment. Both groups received cognitive remediation therapy by the method of Sholberg and Mateer (2001). This rehabilitation program in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia focuses on the cognitive abilities of memory and its elements, attention and dimensions of attention and executive function. The above rehabilitation program is prepared for individual or group implementation and its purpose is to repair cognitive deficits and skills through practice and training. The number of sessions of this program includes 16 sessions, and the instructions for each session are very specific. Each session takes an average of 30 to 45 minutes. Findings: The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation in both groups at the post-test level significantly (P≤0.05) improved cognitive performance in the areas of sustained attention, selective attention and working memory. Comparing the performance between the two groups, only a significant difference (P≤0.05) was observed between the two groups in the field of sustained attention. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be said that cognitive rehabilitation treatment improves patients' performance in selective attention, sustained attention and working memory. In addition, in terms of the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation between the two groups with low and moderate cognitive deficits, the findings indicate more progress in the group with more severe cognitive deficits in the field of sustained attention and no difference in terms of progress in selective attention performance and working memory.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48024980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.28.1.3455.1
B. Damari, Habibollah Masoudi Farid, A. Hajebi, Fariba Derakhshannia, Elham Ehsani-Chimeh
Objectives Divorce is one of the most important social harms. This study investigated the divorce trends, causes, and implemented interventions. Methods A qualitative approach with a content analysis method was conducted. The study data were collected by reviewing relevant documents such as scientific articles and official reports, interviewing experts, and holding focus group Discussion. Sampling was performed with purposive sampling and the snowball technique to identify experts and professionals in this area. Results In recent years, the ratio of the divorce to marriage has been increasing, and in 2016, it reached its highest level (25.3 divorce per 100 marriages). Weak literacy and marital skills, changing patterns of matching, increased individualism and self-interest seeking, unemployment, addiction, and cyber ads (online advertising) were considered the most important reasons for divorce, according to the experts’ views. Currently, a program for controlling and decreasing the divorce rate is implemented. However, the most critical challenges of the program are weak inter-sectoral collaboration and community participation, dispersing and islanding social services, and also the effect of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and international macro factors on mentioned national program. Conclusion Social harms inside the family are complicated. So, it requires the cooperation of scattered and islanding services in the form of comprehensive social care units for the target population throughout the country. Also, capacity building and national programs institution literacy should be strengthened.
{"title":"Divorce Indices, Causes, and Implemented Interventions in Iran","authors":"B. Damari, Habibollah Masoudi Farid, A. Hajebi, Fariba Derakhshannia, Elham Ehsani-Chimeh","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.1.3455.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.1.3455.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Divorce is one of the most important social harms. This study investigated the divorce trends, causes, and implemented interventions. Methods A qualitative approach with a content analysis method was conducted. The study data were collected by reviewing relevant documents such as scientific articles and official reports, interviewing experts, and holding focus group Discussion. Sampling was performed with purposive sampling and the snowball technique to identify experts and professionals in this area. Results In recent years, the ratio of the divorce to marriage has been increasing, and in 2016, it reached its highest level (25.3 divorce per 100 marriages). Weak literacy and marital skills, changing patterns of matching, increased individualism and self-interest seeking, unemployment, addiction, and cyber ads (online advertising) were considered the most important reasons for divorce, according to the experts’ views. Currently, a program for controlling and decreasing the divorce rate is implemented. However, the most critical challenges of the program are weak inter-sectoral collaboration and community participation, dispersing and islanding social services, and also the effect of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and international macro factors on mentioned national program. Conclusion Social harms inside the family are complicated. So, it requires the cooperation of scattered and islanding services in the form of comprehensive social care units for the target population throughout the country. Also, capacity building and national programs institution literacy should be strengthened.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45855543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3862.1
T. Ma
Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is regarded as the biggest global health crisis in recent decades. The changes in major life domains due to infection control strategies resemble the functional impairment consequential to emotional distress and place many people at greater risk of psychiatric conditions. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing have widely increased the usage of smartphone to receive the COVID-19 related information in the past one year. However, the excessive use of smartphone has deleterious consequences. The current study investigated general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19 anxiety, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSPU) severity. Methods: Adults aged 18–75 years were recruited by stratified, probability sampling from a database representative of the population. Among 1080 Hong Kong Chinese (age [LR1] [MTWM2] 18–75 years), a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between July 23 and August 25 2020 (the period of the third wave outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong). Participants were required to assessed the measures including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version.[LR3] [MTWM4] Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the associations among general anxiety symptoms, COVID-19 anxiety and severity of PSPU by the software Amos 22.0. Results: Using established cut-off scores, our results found that prevalence of at least moderate anxiety level in around 22% of participants. Using structural equation modeling, both general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19 anxiety were associated with PSPU severity. Moreover, COVID-19 anxiety partially mediated relations between predisposing general anxiety with PSPU severity. Conclusions: This study provides initial data on mental health status of people affected by COVID-19. It also investigates the relations between COVID-19 anxiety with PSPU severity as a coping mechanism.
{"title":"Anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity: The mediation role of COVID-19 anxiety","authors":"T. Ma","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3862.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3862.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is regarded as the biggest global health crisis in recent decades. The changes in major life domains due to infection control strategies resemble the functional impairment consequential to emotional distress and place many people at greater risk of psychiatric conditions. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing have widely increased the usage of smartphone to receive the COVID-19 related information in the past one year. However, the excessive use of smartphone has deleterious consequences. The current study investigated general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19 anxiety, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSPU) severity. Methods: Adults aged 18–75 years were recruited by stratified, probability sampling from a database representative of the population. Among 1080 Hong Kong Chinese (age [LR1] [MTWM2] 18–75 years), a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between July 23 and August 25 2020 (the period of the third wave outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong). Participants were required to assessed the measures including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version.[LR3] [MTWM4] Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the associations among general anxiety symptoms, COVID-19 anxiety and severity of PSPU by the software Amos 22.0. Results: Using established cut-off scores, our results found that prevalence of at least moderate anxiety level in around 22% of participants. Using structural equation modeling, both general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19 anxiety were associated with PSPU severity. Moreover, COVID-19 anxiety partially mediated relations between predisposing general anxiety with PSPU severity. Conclusions: This study provides initial data on mental health status of people affected by COVID-19. It also investigates the relations between COVID-19 anxiety with PSPU severity as a coping mechanism.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47513122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3287.2
S. Shirdel, Behin Araminia, Mahdiyeh Salehi, Reza Arezoomandan, Mohammadreza Shalbafan, Leila Kamalzadeh, S. Shariat
Wikipedia is one of the most important sources of information in cyberspace that can be edited by individuals. About 80% of internet users in developed countries use the Internet to search for mental health information, which generally includes symptoms, illnesses, and treatment. Existing studies report varying degrees of mental health quality of content from the Wikipedia website. According to our studies, no study has been done on the quality of Persian Wikipedia and its content, especially in the field of mental health. Since Wikipedia is one of the most important sources of information for Internet users, so the main purpose of writing this letter is a brief report on the authors' efforts to improve the quality and quantity of Persian Wikipedia in the field of mental health, In this way, a step can be taken to promote the general knowledge of the community in the field of mental health.
{"title":"Necessity for Improvement of Qualitative and Quantitative Contents of Persian Wikipedia in Field of Mental Health, Letter to the Editor","authors":"S. Shirdel, Behin Araminia, Mahdiyeh Salehi, Reza Arezoomandan, Mohammadreza Shalbafan, Leila Kamalzadeh, S. Shariat","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3287.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3287.2","url":null,"abstract":"Wikipedia is one of the most important sources of information in cyberspace that can be edited by individuals. About 80% of internet users in developed countries use the Internet to search for mental health information, which generally includes symptoms, illnesses, and treatment. Existing studies report varying degrees of mental health quality of content from the Wikipedia website. According to our studies, no study has been done on the quality of Persian Wikipedia and its content, especially in the field of mental health. Since Wikipedia is one of the most important sources of information for Internet users, so the main purpose of writing this letter is a brief report on the authors' efforts to improve the quality and quantity of Persian Wikipedia in the field of mental health, In this way, a step can be taken to promote the general knowledge of the community in the field of mental health.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44253114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.3824.1
Mohsen Tabatabaei, S. Sharifi, A. Noferesti, Farimah Fahimdanesh, H. Jamilian, K. Tavakol
Background: The coronavirus pandemic has caused fear and anxiety worldwide, especially amongst nurses. Examining the psychological effects of this disease on the mental health of nurses involved in the care of patients with this infection is critically important. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the nurses’ psychology capital and their views on mental security, job satisfaction and clinical performance. Methods: One hundred consenting nurses from a university general hospital in Arak, Iran, completed three well-established questionnaires that asked about their psychology knowledge, views on mental security and clinical performance. The data were analyzed statistically, using confirmatory factor analysis and partial least squares method. Also, the path analysis test, t-test and regression beta coefficient were used to test the study’s four hypotheses on psychological capital and security. Results: The findings indicated that there were significant relationships, based on the theoretical model, amongst the nurses’ views on their psychology knowledge (or capital) and that it had a positive and significant effect on nurses' psychological security for working with COVID-19 patients. Also, the knowledge positively impacted their clinical performance and professional efficacy, while improving their sense of optimism, patience and hope for future. Conclusions: There were positive interactions between the nurses’ psychological capital and the clinical performance, mental security, optimism and hope. Nurses with psychology capital had less worries on these subjects than those who lacked it. Such nurses believed they were more resourceful and able to provide better care to patients with coronavirus infection than those who lacked the knowledge.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Psychological Capital on Evidence-Based Clinical Practice of Nurses in Dealing With Patients With Coronavirus Disease: The Mediating Role of Psychological Security","authors":"Mohsen Tabatabaei, S. Sharifi, A. Noferesti, Farimah Fahimdanesh, H. Jamilian, K. Tavakol","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.3824.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.3824.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus pandemic has caused fear and anxiety worldwide, especially amongst nurses. Examining the psychological effects of this disease on the mental health of nurses involved in the care of patients with this infection is critically important. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the nurses’ psychology capital and their views on mental security, job satisfaction and clinical performance. Methods: One hundred consenting nurses from a university general hospital in Arak, Iran, completed three well-established questionnaires that asked about their psychology knowledge, views on mental security and clinical performance. The data were analyzed statistically, using confirmatory factor analysis and partial least squares method. Also, the path analysis test, t-test and regression beta coefficient were used to test the study’s four hypotheses on psychological capital and security. Results: The findings indicated that there were significant relationships, based on the theoretical model, amongst the nurses’ views on their psychology knowledge (or capital) and that it had a positive and significant effect on nurses' psychological security for working with COVID-19 patients. Also, the knowledge positively impacted their clinical performance and professional efficacy, while improving their sense of optimism, patience and hope for future. Conclusions: There were positive interactions between the nurses’ psychological capital and the clinical performance, mental security, optimism and hope. Nurses with psychology capital had less worries on these subjects than those who lacked it. Such nurses believed they were more resourceful and able to provide better care to patients with coronavirus infection than those who lacked the knowledge.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3406.1
S. Mohammadi, Komeil Zahedi, Mojtaba Tashkeh
Objectives: Despite the existence of studies that associated effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety, there was no meta-analysis to date, that can prove this effect definitely. Also, the effect of these factors by gender and aerobic exercise are unknown. This gap was addressed by this meta-analysis. Methods: Major electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched until July 2019. Studies addressing the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety were enrolled. The heterogeneity across studies was investigated by Q-test and I2 statistic. The probability of publication bias was explored using Beggchr('39')s and Eggerchr('39')s tests. The results were expressed as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Results: We identified a total of 10,015 references and included 51 studies involving 3,594 participants. Compared control group, the SMD estimate of anxiety was -0.7 (-1.20, -0.19) for meditation, -0.9 (-1.24, -0.57) for aerobic, -1.07 (-1.67, -0.46) for other exercise, and the SMD estimate of depression was-0.84 (-1.26, -0.42) for meditation, -0.44 (-0.72, -0.17) for aerobic, and -1.10 (-1.55, -0.65) for other exercise. Conclusions: Exercise and meditation had a significant effect on depression and anxiety. Furthermore, there was an effect of the exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety by female gender and aerobic exercise.
目的：尽管有研究表明运动和冥想对抑郁和焦虑的影响，但到目前为止，还没有荟萃分析可以明确证明这种影响。此外，性别和有氧运动对这些因素的影响尚不清楚。该荟萃分析解决了这一差距。方法：检索PubMed、Web of Science和Embase等主要电子数据库，直至2019年7月。研究涉及锻炼和冥想对抑郁和焦虑的影响。通过Q检验和I2统计调查研究之间的异质性。使用Beggchr（'39'）和Eggerchr（'39'）检验探讨了发表偏倚的概率。使用随机效应模型将结果表示为95%置信区间（CI）的标准化平均差（SMD）。结果：我们共确定了10015篇参考文献，包括51项研究，涉及3594名参与者。与对照组相比，冥想对焦虑的SMD估计值为-0.7（-1.20，-0.19），有氧运动为-0.9（-1.24，-0.57），其他运动为-1.07（-1.67，-0.46），冥想对抑郁的SMD评估值为-0.84（-1.26，-0.42），有氧气运动为-0.44（-0.72，-0.17），以及其他运动为-1.10（-1.55，-0.65）。结论：锻炼和冥想对抑郁和焦虑有显著影响。此外，运动和冥想对女性的抑郁和焦虑以及有氧运动也有影响。
{"title":"Effect of Exercise and Meditation on Depression and Anxiety Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"S. Mohammadi, Komeil Zahedi, Mojtaba Tashkeh","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3406.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.27.2.3406.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Despite the existence of studies that associated effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety, there was no meta-analysis to date, that can prove this effect definitely. Also, the effect of these factors by gender and aerobic exercise are unknown. This gap was addressed by this meta-analysis. Methods: Major electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched until July 2019. Studies addressing the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety were enrolled. The heterogeneity across studies was investigated by Q-test and I2 statistic. The probability of publication bias was explored using Beggchr('39')s and Eggerchr('39')s tests. The results were expressed as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Results: We identified a total of 10,015 references and included 51 studies involving 3,594 participants. Compared control group, the SMD estimate of anxiety was -0.7 (-1.20, -0.19) for meditation, -0.9 (-1.24, -0.57) for aerobic, -1.07 (-1.67, -0.46) for other exercise, and the SMD estimate of depression was-0.84 (-1.26, -0.42) for meditation, -0.44 (-0.72, -0.17) for aerobic, and -1.10 (-1.55, -0.65) for other exercise. Conclusions: Exercise and meditation had a significant effect on depression and anxiety. Furthermore, there was an effect of the exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety by female gender and aerobic exercise.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46729799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-10DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.1.3246.1
Yousef Asmari Bardezard, S. Khanjani, Sayed Ismael Muosavi, B. Dolatshahi
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on depression, anxiety, and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (DER) in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. Study population consists of all women referred to the obesity clinics in Tehran in 2019. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). The intervention group received 10 sessions of EFT, each session for 90 minutes. Data collection tools were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Binge Eating Scale (BES), which were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANIVA in SPSS v. 21 software. Results: Group EFT significantly reduced the mean anxiety, depression, DER and severity of binge eating after intervention and over the 2-month follow-up period in BED women (P<0.05). Conclusion: The EFT can reduce anxiety, depression, DER and binge eating severity in BED women, and its effect remains constant after two months. It can be useful in the treatment of BED.
{"title":"Effect of Emotion-focused Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation in Women With Binge Eating Disorder","authors":"Yousef Asmari Bardezard, S. Khanjani, Sayed Ismael Muosavi, B. Dolatshahi","doi":"10.32598/IJPCP.27.1.3246.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJPCP.27.1.3246.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on depression, anxiety, and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (DER) in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. Study population consists of all women referred to the obesity clinics in Tehran in 2019. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). The intervention group received 10 sessions of EFT, each session for 90 minutes. Data collection tools were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Binge Eating Scale (BES), which were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANIVA in SPSS v. 21 software. Results: Group EFT significantly reduced the mean anxiety, depression, DER and severity of binge eating after intervention and over the 2-month follow-up period in BED women (P<0.05). Conclusion: The EFT can reduce anxiety, depression, DER and binge eating severity in BED women, and its effect remains constant after two months. It can be useful in the treatment of BED.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42793403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-10DOI: 10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3233.1
Karisma Dewi Puspasari Karisma, Zulfany Safira Nabila Zulfany, Muhammad Salis Yuniardi Salis, Latipun Latipun
Our subject is a 55-year-old man and a former civil servant. He claimed to have seen someone who others could not see. He believed that he is an important person. He had strange behavior such as separating himself from others, speaking and laughing alone, and collecting rubbish. Based on the assessment through observation, interviews, and psychological tests, the subject was diagnosed with schizophrenia and behavioral problems such as collect things. The subject’s behavior appears because he feels pleasure after collecting goods. He did not do other activities that make him feel good; thus, the behavior was repeated. The intervention aims to reduce the frequency of collecting things through negative reinforcement and rewards techniques. The intervention eventually suppressed the behavior of collecting things carried out by the subject gradually.
{"title":"Application of Negative Reinforcement and Reward Technique to Reduce Behavior of Collecting Goods In Individual with Schizophrenia","authors":"Karisma Dewi Puspasari Karisma, Zulfany Safira Nabila Zulfany, Muhammad Salis Yuniardi Salis, Latipun Latipun","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3233.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3233.1","url":null,"abstract":"Our subject is a 55-year-old man and a former civil servant. He claimed to have seen someone who others could not see. He believed that he is an important person. He had strange behavior such as separating himself from others, speaking and laughing alone, and collecting rubbish. Based on the assessment through observation, interviews, and psychological tests, the subject was diagnosed with schizophrenia and behavioral problems such as collect things. The subject’s behavior appears because he feels pleasure after collecting goods. He did not do other activities that make him feel good; thus, the behavior was repeated. The intervention aims to reduce the frequency of collecting things through negative reinforcement and rewards techniques. The intervention eventually suppressed the behavior of collecting things carried out by the subject gradually.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42164585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-10DOI: 10.32598/IJPCP.27.1.3287.1
S. Shirdel, J. Bolhari
It seems vital to address the problem of extramarital relationships or marital infidelity, which is a traumatic issue for families and spouses and a common issue in counseling and treatment for mental health therapists. This social problem is also very common, however, due to its crucial and personal aspect, accurate information about its prevalence is not available in Iran. Infidelity refers to any concealment of a spouse about an extramarital affair. In fact, secrecy is an important part of an illegitimate and romantic relationship. Types of infidelity include sexual, emotional, and virtual (Internet) infidelity. Men react more strongly to sexual infidelity and women to emotional infidelity. An important point to note is that dissatisfaction with marriage can lead to infidelity, but a successful marriage is no guarantee that it will not happen. Despite its prevalence, not much research has been done in this area. In a US study, integrative intervention therapy was used for couples with such problem and it was found that this integrated treatment model had a good effect on the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Some tudies have been conducted in Iran despite the sensitivity of the issue. In a systematic review conducted in Mashhad to investigate the causes of infidelity in married women, four causes of individual-personality, cultural-social, family-educational, and religious-belief were more effective than other causes. In another study, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was performed in Tehran to reduce anxiety and depression among women with extramarital affairs and it was observed that this treatment clearly reduces the mentioned symptoms.
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