Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Medication Adherence, Attitude Towards Medication, and Quality of Life in Outpatients With Neurotic Disorders in Tehran, Iran: A Six-Month Follow-up Study","authors":"Somayeh Arabi Khalilabad, Nooshin Khademoreza, A. Homayooni, Shiva Sorayya, Sajjad Effatnejat, A. Kabir, Fatemeh Hadi, Mohammadreza Shalbafan","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.2619.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.2619.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives This study aims to investigate the attitude towards medication, medication adherence, and quality of life (QoL) in outpatients with neurotic disorders referred for the first time to the psychiatric clinic of Tehran Psychiatric Institute in Iran. Methods In this study, participants were adult outpatients with neurotic disorders referred to the psychiatric clinic of Tehran Psychiatric Institute for the first time, who had met the inclusion criteria (age 18-60 years, having a neurotic disorder diagnosed by the psychiatrist, and consent to participate in the study). At baseline and in one and six months after the first visit, they completed a demographic form, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and the drug attitude inventory (DAI-10). Their medication adherence was assessed using the medication possession ratio. Results Of 100 participants, 76 were females and had a mean age of 35.9 years. Favorable medication adherence significantly increased in the sixth month compared to the first month, and the number of patients with favorable medication adherence increased from 38 to 63. In comparing the overall score of QoL, a significant improvement was observed in the 1st and 6th months compared to baseline and in the sixth month compared to the first month (P<0.001). Regarding the domains of the QoL, mental health and general health in the first and sixth months were significantly increased compared to the baseline (P<0.001). Physical health domain was significantly increased in the sixth month compared to the first month (P<0.001). Social relationships domain was significantly increased in the first month compared to the baseline (P= 0.001). Environmental health domain was significantly increased in the first month compared to the baseline (P=0.019). Comparison of the QoL score between patients with favorable and unfavorable medication adherence showed no significant difference (P=0.6). Attitude towards medication was significantly improved from baseline to the sixth month (P<0.001). Conclusion The QoL and its some domains as well as medication adherence and attitude towards medication in outpatients with neurotic disorders seem to be improved after six months of follow-up. There is no significant difference in QoL between outpatients with favorable and unfavorable medication adherence.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47747541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale in Iranian College Students","authors":"H. Rostami, F. Behrouzian, Esmaeil Mousavi Asl","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.2146.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.2146.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome is characterized by threat monitoring, checking, avoidance, and worry. The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale (C-19ASS) is a self-report tool to measure this syndrome. The present study was aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of C-19ASS in Iranian college students. Methods This is a correlational study. Participants were 251 students of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2020 who were selected using a convenience sampling method and filled self-report tools of compassion scale, C-19ASS and COVID-19 burnout scale (COVID-19-BS). The reliability using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, convergent validity, divergent validity, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were examined. the collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.25 and LISREL 8.8 applications. Results The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor and two-factor structure of the Persian C-19ASS, where the two-factor model had a better fit. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale and its subscales of Perseveration and avoidance were obtained 0.72, 0.71, and 0.70, respectively. The Persian C-19ASS score had a positive significant correlation with the COVID-19-BS score and a negative significant correlation with the compassion scale score, indicating the convergent and divergent validity of the Persian C-19ASS. Conclusion The Persian C-19ASS has good psychometric properties (validity and reliability) and can be used in evaluating different dimensions of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome in Iran. It is a short and practical tool that can be used in clinical and research settings.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44189914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing the Application of Verbal Fluency Test in Persian for Neurocognitive Evaluations","authors":"S. Shariat, S. Shirdel, Shirin Kheradmand, Alireza Shirdel, Mehrdad Ghasemizadeh","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.3287.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.3287.3","url":null,"abstract":"Verbal fluency test is a useful method to evaluate cognitive executive functions. Studies have shown that both types of verbal fluency test (phonemic and semantic) are influenced by brain damage. This test is rarely used by clinicians because it takes too much time to perform. Therefore, we decided to increase its speed and accuracy by designing a verbal fluency test application in Persian language. The study on designing the application of verbal fluency test in Persian was published in the journal of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience entitled “Verbal fluency performance in normal adult population in Iran: norms and effects of age, education and gender”. To design the application, two software engineers, one programmer, and one graphic designer had cooperation with each other. First, the programming was done. During the programming, the programmer first implemented the tables related to the test. Then, by entering constant variables, an initial layout in the form of a look-up table was developed. Then, the graphic designs were added to the application. By testing 100 different scores with the relevant table and receiving the output, the accuracy of the initial version was confirmed. After designing the software, field tests were performed by 10 clinicians to evaluate the application in terms of ease of use and main structural errors. Finally, by testing 100 different scores, the accuracy of the final version was confirmed. The verbal fluency test application in Persian can increase the use of psychological and cognitive tests by Iranian clinicians by increasing the speed and accuracy of tests.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43938360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Identity Styles and Coping Strategies With Marital Adjustment in Nurses","authors":"Shima Nazari, Fateme Javid, R. Negarandeh, Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.2822.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.2822.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Nursing profession is a stressful job. Nurses need to use appropriate coping strategies to maintain their focus on patient care and having marital adjustment and solving personal problems. The relationship between nurses’ identity styles with their used coping strategies and marital adjustment is not clear yet. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship of identity styles and coping strategies with marital adjustment in nurses. Methods This descriptive correlational study with cross-sectional design was conducted on 221 married nurses working in public hospitals in Rasht, Iran who were selected by a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using the Billings and Moos’ coping responses inventory (CRI), Berzonsky’s identity styles inventory (ISI), and Locke-Wallace marital adjustment test (MAT). Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 23. Results The mean MAT score was 111.68 ±11.97. The mean ISI score was 100.31±12.27. The mean CRI score was 38.58±7.25. Marital adjustment had a significant correlation with informational (r=0.14, P=0.03) and normative (r=-0.17, P=0.01) identity styles and problem-focused coping strategy (r=-0.15, P=0.03). Multiple regression analysis showed that only identity styles and working hours could explain 20% of changes in marital adjustment of nurses. Conclusion The marital adjustment of married nurses in Rasht, Iran is at a favorable level. Their informational and normative identity styles and working hours can predict their marital adjustment.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45113030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship between Attachment Styles and Severity of Relationship Obsessive -compulsive Disorder Symptoms","authors":"Fatemeh Naji Meydani, Hoda Doos Ali Vand, I. Abasi, M. Noori","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.4175.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.3.4175.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD) is one of the forms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, focusing on intimate relationships. Identifying the mechanisms of ROCD can significantly expand our knowledge of the factors related to its development and exacerbation. This study aims to determine the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation and experiential avoidance in the relationship between attachment styles and the severity of ROCD symptoms. Methods Five hundred thirty-one participants (455 females and 76 males) were selected using convenient sampling from the general population of Iran. They completed the Experiences in close relationships-revised (ECR-R), the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), the acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and the Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (ROCI) online. SPSS software, version 22 and AMOS version 24 were used to analyze data. Results Attachment styles had a significant correlation with difficulties in emotion regulation, experiential avoidance, and ROCD symptoms (P<0.01). Moreover, the two variables of difficulties in emotion regulation and experiential avoidance had a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and ROCD symptoms. Conclusion Attachment styles can predict the ROCD symptoms directly and indirectly by the difficulties in emotion regulation and experiential avoidance. Difficulties in emotion regulation and experiential avoidance should be considered in treatment of ROCD symptoms, especially in those with insecure attachment styles.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42598419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy Augmented Exposure and Response Prevention With Exposure and Response Prevention and Pharmacotherapy in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder","authors":"S. Masoumian, B. Gharraee, Abbas Ramezani Farani, M. Shaeiri, Ali Asghar Asgharnejadfarid","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.2497.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.2497.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is defined in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) as annoying and unpleasant thoughts or images (obsession) associated with repetitive and unwanted actions (compulsion). This study aims to compare emotional schema therapy augmented exposure and response prevention (ESTERP) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) and pharmacotherapy in improving the symptoms of OCD patients. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial study. The participants included all patients with OCD who were referred to hospitals and clinics in Tehran, Iran. A total of 45 patients with OCD were selected through purposeful sampling, of which 15 patients were randomly assigned to the ESTERP group, 15 to the ERP group, and 15 to the pharmacotherapy group. After randomly placing the patients in the three groups, all patients completed the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale-2nd edition (Y-BOCS-II), the four systems anxiety questionnaire (FSAQ), and the Beck depression inventory-2nd edition (BDI-II) before, in the end, and 2 months after the treatment. Then, the data were analyzed using nonparametric tests and the reliable change index. Results: There was a significant difference between the treatment of ESTERP with ERP and pharmacotherapy in the symptoms and severity of OCD and anxiety (except for the depression variable) in patients with OCD. In addition, the findings of the clinical significance of ESTERP compared to the other two treatments showed more significant changes in symptoms and severity of OCD and depression (except for the anxiety variable). Conclusion: Both ESTERP and ERP treatments are effective in patients with OCD and both lead to more improvements in patients’ symptoms than pharmacotherapy.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46534732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Patients With Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Farshad Sheybani, P. Dabaghi, S. Najafi, M. Rajaeinejad","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.1627.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.1627.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on pain intensity, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic pain via randomized clinical trials. Methods: The study population consisted of all patients with chronic pain referred to Imam Reza Hospital. Of these patients, 50 cases who met the inclusion criteria and were willing to participate in the study were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental (n=25) or control groups (n=25). After selecting the patients and randomly assigning them to the two groups, the research questionnaires were completed by the patients before and after the treatment. After obtaining a written consent letter from the research participants, the experimental group received MBSR therapy (8 weekly sessions) while the control group did not receive any intervention. The questionnaires included the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) (WHOQOL-BREF), the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the Beck depression inventory-2nd edition (BDI-II). To comply with the ethical principles, after the end of the study, MBSR therapy was administered to the control group as well. The data were analyzed via analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance in the SPSS software, v. 19. Results: The results of the analysis showed that MBSR therapy reduces pain severity, anxiety, and depression in patients with chronic pain (P<0.05). The findings also showed that MBSR therapy improves the QoL of patients with chronic pain (P<0.05). Conclusion: Along with the common medications for chronic pain, MBSR therapy can be used to improve the QoL and reduce the severity of pain, anxiety, and depression in patients with chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45171984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing of Compassion-Based Emotion Focused Therapy With Compassion-Focused Treatment on Quality of Life of Primary Headache Patients","authors":"Neda Behvandi, Felor Khayatan, M. Golparvar","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.4025.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.4025.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The formulation of emotion-focused and compassion-focused behavioral intervention therapy can explain the relationship between the dimensions of problems and the health promotion of patients with headache symptoms and present the first combined treatment for emotional problems and the sedation of the nervous system to investigate and comprehensively prevent the symptoms of primary headaches. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The sample consisted of 45 patients with primary headache symptoms who were referred to the neurology clinic of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Tehran City, Iran. They were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group (15 people in each group). The experimental groups underwent a combination of compassion-based emotion therapy (ten 60-min sessions) and compassion-focused treatment (eight 60-min sessions). The control group received no intervention. After collecting the data, they were entered into the SPSS software, version 24. Descriptive statistical indices (mean and standard deviation) and statistical inference (repeated measures analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test) were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that the quality of life (QoL) variable is not significant because of the non-compliance with the spheric default in the intragroup effect and time factor (F=3.47, df=1.15, and P<0.05); However, the interaction of the factor of time and group (F= 8.25, df= 2.31, and P<0.01) shows a significant difference (P<0.01) in the QoL variable between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up and time interaction with the group (between the three groups). Conclusion: Compassion-based emotion-based combination therapy packages can help control the current situation and subsequent decisions of patients in the face of the signs and symptoms of early headaches by creating a calm mental environment and relieving any pressure or stress. Therefore, compassion-based emotion-based combination therapy is a treatment option that can be used to increase the QoL of people with primary headaches.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42300231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Emotional Regulation and Dysfunctional Sleep Beliefs Among Insomniac Patients","authors":"Masoomeh Yarahmadi, F. Hafezi, B. Makvandi","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.1979.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.1979.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Human body needs an adequate amount of night’s sleep after a long day to regain its power. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on emotional regulation and dysfunctional sleep beliefs among insomniac patients. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, post-test, follow-up test, and a control group. The sample included 43 people referring to sleep disorders clinics in Rasoul Akram Hospital and two private clinics for psychiatrists with a sleep fellowship in Tehran City, Iran in 2020. Of the 43 patients suffering from insomnia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), 36 individuals were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 20 cases were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental (n‌=‌10) and a control group (n‌=‌10). Results: The results demonstrated a significant difference between the emotional regulation and dysfunctional beliefs scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-test (P‌<‌0.05). The results of the follow-up test indicated the sustainable effects of the therapeutic intervention on emotional regulation and dysfunctional sleep beliefs of the experimental and control groups compared to the pretest (P‌<‌0.05). Conclusion: Considering the significant effects of CBT-I on insomnia and dysfunctional sleep beliefs in the insomniac, this treatment can be used to improve their condition in sleep laboratories or other clinics.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49185539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Compassion Focused Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Flexibility and Psychological Distress in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Reza Mansouri Koryani, Soodabeh Basaak Nejad, Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, Nastaran Majdinasab","doi":"10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.3747.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.2.3747.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological flexibility and psychological distress in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This was an experimental study with pre-test-post-test, follow-up, and control group design. The statistical population included all multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, who were a member of the Khuzestan MS Society. From this population, 50 patients were selected by the simple random sampling method. Then, 32 patients were randomly selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups, namely the control group (n=16) and the experimental group (n=16). The experimental group was randomly divided into two groups of 8 patients. The experimental group received ten 90-min sessions of compassion-focused ACT. The participants answered the open and engaged state questionnaire and psychological distress scale. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in the SPSS software, v. 24. Results: The results of MANCOVA showed a significant difference between the experimental and the control group in psychological flexibility and psychological distress in the posttest and follow-up stages. Conclusion: The compassion-focused ACT is effective in increasing psychological flexibility and reducing psychological distress in patients with MS.","PeriodicalId":43609,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}