V. Mendelevich, Roza S. Safina, Polina V. Koroleva, Dmitriy F. Serebryakov
The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting (mass shootings in educational institutions). The case of 16-year-old Katerina and her 18-year-old friend Yakov, who were referred to psychiatrists after discovering preparations to commit a crime and activity in searching for information on the Internet about school shooting, is described. Since childhood, Katerina has been under the care of psychiatrists for mental, intellectual and speech development delays. She has been on disability since the age of 18 and has a history of playing games simulating murder and violence. The article examines the psychopathological and psychological factors that contributed to the formation of an extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting among the surveyed. The article highlights the lack of seriousness and lack of concern displayed by Katerina and Yakov towards the issue of school shootings. Their tendency to joke about this topic and express sympathy for the perpetrators is also highlighted. The emphasis is placed on the careless, frivolous attitude of Katerina and Yakov to the problem of mass murders in schools, their tendency to joke about these topics and show sympathy for the killers. It is concluded that “understanding” the feelings of school shooters, the infantile desire to make something “cool” out of any life event, create a meme, laugh at something that is not customary to laugh at (“ethical inversion”) should be recognized as fertile ground for the formation extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting, without the destruction of which it is impossible to cope with future tragedies in educational institutions.
{"title":"Psychology and psychopathology of overvalue hobby schoolshooing ideas. The case of Katerina and Yakov","authors":"V. Mendelevich, Roza S. Safina, Polina V. Koroleva, Dmitriy F. Serebryakov","doi":"10.17816/nb628912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb628912","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting (mass shootings in educational institutions). The case of 16-year-old Katerina and her 18-year-old friend Yakov, who were referred to psychiatrists after discovering preparations to commit a crime and activity in searching for information on the Internet about school shooting, is described. Since childhood, Katerina has been under the care of psychiatrists for mental, intellectual and speech development delays. She has been on disability since the age of 18 and has a history of playing games simulating murder and violence. The article examines the psychopathological and psychological factors that contributed to the formation of an extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting among the surveyed. The article highlights the lack of seriousness and lack of concern displayed by Katerina and Yakov towards the issue of school shootings. Their tendency to joke about this topic and express sympathy for the perpetrators is also highlighted. The emphasis is placed on the careless, frivolous attitude of Katerina and Yakov to the problem of mass murders in schools, their tendency to joke about these topics and show sympathy for the killers. It is concluded that “understanding” the feelings of school shooters, the infantile desire to make something “cool” out of any life event, create a meme, laugh at something that is not customary to laugh at (“ethical inversion”) should be recognized as fertile ground for the formation extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting, without the destruction of which it is impossible to cope with future tragedies in educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dariya K. Areprintseva, M. Kutlubaev, E. V. Pervushina
BACKGROUND: The results of several studies indicate that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exhibit certain personality traits. However, it is currently unclear which specific traits are most typical for those patients, and whether these traits are universal across different ethno-cultural backgrounds. AIM: To analyse the personality traits of patients with ALS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients with various forms of ALS according to the Revised El Escorial Criteria. The following data were collected: demographic information, the form of the disease, and the stage according to the King's College system. A short five-factor personality questionnaire (TIPI-RU) was used to assess personal characteristics. The statistical analysis employed non-parametric statistical methods. RESULTS: Patients with ALS had significantly higher levels of agreebleness (p=0.037). Analysis of personality traits within the group of patients with ALS showed that in patients with bulbar onset, had a significantly higher level of agreebleness — 5 (4.5–7) than in patients with spinal onset 4.5 (4–5), p=0.006. The correlation analysis revealed a direct weak relationship between the degree of extraversion and age (r=0.3; p=0.013). CONCLUSION: The analysis of the personality traits of the ALS patients showed a higher friendliness (agreeableness) compared to the control group. Future research should elucidate whether this parameter could be considered as one of the markers of increased risk of ALS development.
背景：多项研究结果表明，肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）患者表现出某些人格特质。然而，目前尚不清楚这些患者最典型的性格特征是什么，也不清楚这些性格特征在不同的种族文化背景下是否具有普遍性。目的：分析 ALS 患者的人格特质。材料与方法：根据埃斯科里亚尔修订标准，研究对象包括各种形式的 ALS 患者。研究人员收集了以下数据：人口统计学信息、疾病形式以及根据国王学院系统划分的阶段。采用简短的五因素人格问卷（TIPI-RU）评估个人特征。统计分析采用了非参数统计方法。结果：肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者的认同感明显较高（P=0.037）。对 ALS 患者群体的人格特质分析表明，球部发病患者的认同度-5（4.5-7）明显高于脊髓发病患者的 4.5（4-5），P=0.006。相关分析显示，外向程度与年龄之间存在直接的微弱关系（r=0.3；p=0.013）。结论：对 ALS 患者人格特质的分析表明，与对照组相比，他们的友善度（合群性）更高。未来的研究应阐明这一参数是否可被视为 ALS 发病风险增加的标志之一。
{"title":"Personality traits in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Dariya K. Areprintseva, M. Kutlubaev, E. V. Pervushina","doi":"10.17816/nb629886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb629886","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The results of several studies indicate that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exhibit certain personality traits. However, it is currently unclear which specific traits are most typical for those patients, and whether these traits are universal across different ethno-cultural backgrounds. \u0000AIM: To analyse the personality traits of patients with ALS. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients with various forms of ALS according to the Revised El Escorial Criteria. The following data were collected: demographic information, the form of the disease, and the stage according to the King's College system. A short five-factor personality questionnaire (TIPI-RU) was used to assess personal characteristics. The statistical analysis employed non-parametric statistical methods. \u0000RESULTS: Patients with ALS had significantly higher levels of agreebleness (p=0.037). Analysis of personality traits within the group of patients with ALS showed that in patients with bulbar onset, had a significantly higher level of agreebleness — 5 (4.5–7) than in patients with spinal onset 4.5 (4–5), p=0.006. The correlation analysis revealed a direct weak relationship between the degree of extraversion and age (r=0.3; p=0.013). \u0000CONCLUSION: The analysis of the personality traits of the ALS patients showed a higher friendliness (agreeableness) compared to the control group. Future research should elucidate whether this parameter could be considered as one of the markers of increased risk of ALS development.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Treatment of depression in men with testosterone deficiency is particularly challenging because of the overlap between the symptoms of depression itself and those associated with testosterone deficiency, which requires the development of additional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. AIM: To enhance the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of depression in men with testosterone deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 140 male participants (aged 18–65 years) diagnosed with depressive episodes and recurrent depressive disorder according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. Patients were divided into the main group (testosterone levels below 12.1 nmol/l) and the control group (normal testosterone levels). The main group (n=90) was further divided into three therapeutic subgroups of 30 patients each: receiving sertraline monotherapy, testosterone monotherapy, and combined sertraline and testosterone treatment. The control group included men with depression and normal testosterone levels (n=50), who received sertraline only. RESULTS: Depression in men in the context of testosterone deficiency has distinct clinical features, both phenomenologically and syndromally. The severity of the depressive syndrome in men with testosterone deficiency is lower (17.0 [16.0; 18.75] points on the HDRS scale) than in patients with normal testosterone levels (19.0 [18.0; 22.0] points on the HDRS scale), and the depressive episode tends to occur later in life (47.0 [42.0; 55.0] years) compared to those with normal levels of testosterone (29.5 [24.25; 40.0] years) and is less likely to be recurrent than in those with normal testosterone levels (29.5 [24.25; 40.0] years). The study of the efficacy and safety of depression therapy in the context of testosterone deficiency shows that a combined approach to the treatment of depression in men with testosterone deficiency has both advantages (considering the specifics of patients by normalizing testosterone levels and erectile function) and disadvantages (relatively higher risk of adverse events) compared to sertraline monotherapy. CONCLUSION: The identified characteristics of the course and treatment of depression in the context of reduced testosterone levels allowed for the development of a more effective therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm.
{"title":"Characteristics of depression treatment in men with testosterone deficiency","authors":"Yuriy Yu. Osadshiy, S. V. Soldatkina","doi":"10.17816/nb628936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb628936","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Treatment of depression in men with testosterone deficiency is particularly challenging because of the overlap between the symptoms of depression itself and those associated with testosterone deficiency, which requires the development of additional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. \u0000AIM: To enhance the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of depression in men with testosterone deficiency. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 140 male participants (aged 18–65 years) diagnosed with depressive episodes and recurrent depressive disorder according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. Patients were divided into the main group (testosterone levels below 12.1 nmol/l) and the control group (normal testosterone levels). The main group (n=90) was further divided into three therapeutic subgroups of 30 patients each: receiving sertraline monotherapy, testosterone monotherapy, and combined sertraline and testosterone treatment. The control group included men with depression and normal testosterone levels (n=50), who received sertraline only. \u0000RESULTS: Depression in men in the context of testosterone deficiency has distinct clinical features, both phenomenologically and syndromally. The severity of the depressive syndrome in men with testosterone deficiency is lower (17.0 [16.0; 18.75] points on the HDRS scale) than in patients with normal testosterone levels (19.0 [18.0; 22.0] points on the HDRS scale), and the depressive episode tends to occur later in life (47.0 [42.0; 55.0] years) compared to those with normal levels of testosterone (29.5 [24.25; 40.0] years) and is less likely to be recurrent than in those with normal testosterone levels (29.5 [24.25; 40.0] years). The study of the efficacy and safety of depression therapy in the context of testosterone deficiency shows that a combined approach to the treatment of depression in men with testosterone deficiency has both advantages (considering the specifics of patients by normalizing testosterone levels and erectile function) and disadvantages (relatively higher risk of adverse events) compared to sertraline monotherapy. \u0000CONCLUSION: The identified characteristics of the course and treatment of depression in the context of reduced testosterone levels allowed for the development of a more effective therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Petelin, E. M. Anpilogova, A. O. Tolokonin, Aysylu N. Galiautdinova, O. N. Voskresenskaya, B. Volel
BACKGROUND: Chronic pain syndrome is a highly prevalent condition that negatively affects the ability to work and quality of life, as well as worsening the prognosis of the disease and increasing the risk of early death. One of the most important scientific and practical medical tasks is the identification of risk factors for the transition of acute pain to chronic pain, which in the future will allow to develop mechanisms for preventing the development of chronic pain. It has been established that various psychological and psychopathological factors, in particular, personality traits and mental disorders, psychotraumatic events, make a significant contribution to the perpetuation of pain, but these data require clarification. AIM: To determine the contribution of stressful events, personality profile and comorbid psychiatric disorders to the formation of chronic pain syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 105 patients aged 18 to 70 years with unexplained somatic or neurological pain syndrome that existed for more than 6 months and served as a reason for hospitalization. All patients underwent clinical-anamnestic and psychometric examination, statistical processing of the results was performed using SPSS Statistics v22. RESULTS: In the course of the study, 4 groups of patients with psychiatric disorders comorbid with chronic pain were formed: 1 — chronic pain within the framework of prolonged reaction to stressexhaustion disorder, 42 observations (12 men, 30 women); 2 — chronic pain within the framework of prolonged masked depressive episodes, 41 observations (6 men, 35 women); 3 — chronic pain as part of hypochondriacal spectrum disorders (limited hypochondria), 15 observations (8 men, 7 women); 4 — chronic pain as part of constitutional anomalies with a tendency to experience pain (pain prone personality), 7 observations (5 men, 2 women). CONCLUSION: A significant association of chronic pain syndromes with stressful events has been established.
{"title":"The role of stressful traumatic events, personality traits and psychiatric disorders in the formation of chronic pain syndromes","authors":"D. Petelin, E. M. Anpilogova, A. O. Tolokonin, Aysylu N. Galiautdinova, O. N. Voskresenskaya, B. Volel","doi":"10.17816/nb632149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb632149","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Chronic pain syndrome is a highly prevalent condition that negatively affects the ability to work and quality of life, as well as worsening the prognosis of the disease and increasing the risk of early death. One of the most important scientific and practical medical tasks is the identification of risk factors for the transition of acute pain to chronic pain, which in the future will allow to develop mechanisms for preventing the development of chronic pain. It has been established that various psychological and psychopathological factors, in particular, personality traits and mental disorders, psychotraumatic events, make a significant contribution to the perpetuation of pain, but these data require clarification. \u0000AIM: To determine the contribution of stressful events, personality profile and comorbid psychiatric disorders to the formation of chronic pain syndromes. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 105 patients aged 18 to 70 years with unexplained somatic or neurological pain syndrome that existed for more than 6 months and served as a reason for hospitalization. All patients underwent clinical-anamnestic and psychometric examination, statistical processing of the results was performed using SPSS Statistics v22. \u0000RESULTS: In the course of the study, 4 groups of patients with psychiatric disorders comorbid with chronic pain were formed: 1 — chronic pain within the framework of prolonged reaction to stressexhaustion disorder, 42 observations (12 men, 30 women); 2 — chronic pain within the framework of prolonged masked depressive episodes, 41 observations (6 men, 35 women); 3 — chronic pain as part of hypochondriacal spectrum disorders (limited hypochondria), 15 observations (8 men, 7 women); 4 — chronic pain as part of constitutional anomalies with a tendency to experience pain (pain prone personality), 7 observations (5 men, 2 women). \u0000CONCLUSION: A significant association of chronic pain syndromes with stressful events has been established.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"93 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Gazizov, Andrey A. Izmailov, Elmira A. Elagina, Zufar Z. Safiullov
Umbilical cord blood has evolved from being considered a mere cellular/tissue waste product after childbirth to a valuable biological material with a wide regenerative potential. Today, hematopoietic cord blood stem cells are used in the same way as bone marrow and mobilised peripheral blood as part of the standard medical treatment for haemoblastoses and hereditary blood diseases. There is an increasing amount of experimental data showing possibility of umbilical cord blood cell fractions using for treatment of non-hematological diseases and, in particular, diseases of the central nervous system. One of the key challenges in cell therapy for central nervous system diseases is the choice of cellular material for neurotransplantation. This is particularly relevant for ischemic and traumatic injuries, as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Stem or mature somatic cells prepared for neurotransplantation should have predictable and reproducible characteristics thataccording therapeutic purposes, exactly: trophic and/or neuroprotective action to increase neurons viability in damaged area; axon growth stimulation and myelination; cell matrix restoration or predictable differentiation direction to replace amount of lost brain or spinal cord cells. The fact that umbilical cord blood contains not only hematopoietic, but also various non-hematopoietic stem cells with a wide regenerative potential has become the basis for active use of these cells for neurotransplantation. The proposed review provides historical information about umbilical cord blood introduction into practical medicine, its cellular composition and clinical applications of stem cells various types for children central nervous system diseases treatment, such as ischemic encephalopathy, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral palsy, autism, and in adults — for stroke treatment, spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"Umbilical cord blood stem cells: transplantation prospects in neurological practice","authors":"I. Gazizov, Andrey A. Izmailov, Elmira A. Elagina, Zufar Z. Safiullov","doi":"10.17816/nb626625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb626625","url":null,"abstract":"Umbilical cord blood has evolved from being considered a mere cellular/tissue waste product after childbirth to a valuable biological material with a wide regenerative potential. Today, hematopoietic cord blood stem cells are used in the same way as bone marrow and mobilised peripheral blood as part of the standard medical treatment for haemoblastoses and hereditary blood diseases. There is an increasing amount of experimental data showing possibility of umbilical cord blood cell fractions using for treatment of non-hematological diseases and, in particular, diseases of the central nervous system. One of the key challenges in cell therapy for central nervous system diseases is the choice of cellular material for neurotransplantation. This is particularly relevant for ischemic and traumatic injuries, as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Stem or mature somatic cells prepared for neurotransplantation should have predictable and reproducible characteristics thataccording therapeutic purposes, exactly: trophic and/or neuroprotective action to increase neurons viability in damaged area; axon growth stimulation and myelination; cell matrix restoration or predictable differentiation direction to replace amount of lost brain or spinal cord cells. The fact that umbilical cord blood contains not only hematopoietic, but also various non-hematopoietic stem cells with a wide regenerative potential has become the basis for active use of these cells for neurotransplantation. The proposed review provides historical information about umbilical cord blood introduction into practical medicine, its cellular composition and clinical applications of stem cells various types for children central nervous system diseases treatment, such as ischemic encephalopathy, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral palsy, autism, and in adults — for stroke treatment, spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"80 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the problems of interaction between psychotherapy and such a direction of philosophy as phenomenology. The basic principles of the phenomenological method are considered in the context of their application in psychotherapy. The author sees the main problems in the isolation of related fields of humanistic knowledge from each other, in the continuing commitment of Russian psychotherapy to an exclusively natural-scientific positivist concept of health and illness, and in the dominance of biologically oriented approaches. This is reflected both in the interpretation of the phenomenological method in domestic psychiatry, and in the use of phenomenology in various psychotherapeutic fields. The solution to this problem may be a deeper acquaintance of specialists with the philosophical foundations and methodological principles of the phenomenological method, interdisciplinary dialogue, expansion of the humanitarian component of professional training, which corresponds to the objectives of the further development of domestic psychotherapy.
{"title":"Phenomenological approach in psychotherapy","authors":"Sergey M. Babin","doi":"10.17816/nb631857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb631857","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the problems of interaction between psychotherapy and such a direction of philosophy as phenomenology. The basic principles of the phenomenological method are considered in the context of their application in psychotherapy. The author sees the main problems in the isolation of related fields of humanistic knowledge from each other, in the continuing commitment of Russian psychotherapy to an exclusively natural-scientific positivist concept of health and illness, and in the dominance of biologically oriented approaches. This is reflected both in the interpretation of the phenomenological method in domestic psychiatry, and in the use of phenomenology in various psychotherapeutic fields. The solution to this problem may be a deeper acquaintance of specialists with the philosophical foundations and methodological principles of the phenomenological method, interdisciplinary dialogue, expansion of the humanitarian component of professional training, which corresponds to the objectives of the further development of domestic psychotherapy.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the impact of combat stress on human personality, with a particular focus on identity disintegration. This is considered to be the most significant impact of combat stress, accompanied by the loss of values that generally make up a framework for assessing and interpreting current events. The conventional psychological treatments for personality reconstruction, which appeal to cognitive, emotional, motivational and volitional processes that make up the structure of the psyche, are found to be ineffective in cases where stress exceeds the average psychological resources of a person. Coping with extreme impacts assumes going beyond the familiar life experience accompanied by the reference to the spiritual level resources, among which religiosity is traditional for the mentality. This paper reviews the relationship between religion and psychotherapy, with a focus on the psychotherapeutic factors of religion aimed at combatants’ identity reconstruction.
{"title":"Spiritual orientation of the psychological rehabilitation of combatants","authors":"S.L. Solovyeva","doi":"10.17816/nb625498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb625498","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the impact of combat stress on human personality, with a particular focus on identity disintegration. This is considered to be the most significant impact of combat stress, accompanied by the loss of values that generally make up a framework for assessing and interpreting current events. The conventional psychological treatments for personality reconstruction, which appeal to cognitive, emotional, motivational and volitional processes that make up the structure of the psyche, are found to be ineffective in cases where stress exceeds the average psychological resources of a person. Coping with extreme impacts assumes going beyond the familiar life experience accompanied by the reference to the spiritual level resources, among which religiosity is traditional for the mentality. This paper reviews the relationship between religion and psychotherapy, with a focus on the psychotherapeutic factors of religion aimed at combatants’ identity reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Klocheva, V. V. Goldobin, F. Z. Olimova, V. N. Semich, Marina Yu. Afanasyeva, Mariya V. Zhukova, Farangis Z. Olimova, M. S. Partavi
Despite the capabilities and availability of modern diagnostic methods, due to the low alertness of doctors, a number of cerebrovascular disorders are diagnosed late, which can lead to serious consequences, illness leading to disability and death in patients of working age. A clinical case of a young patient with recurrent cerebral venous thrombosis and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is presented.
{"title":"Clinical observation of cerebral venous thrombosis and reversible vasoconstriction syndrome in a young patient","authors":"E. Klocheva, V. V. Goldobin, F. Z. Olimova, V. N. Semich, Marina Yu. Afanasyeva, Mariya V. Zhukova, Farangis Z. Olimova, M. S. Partavi","doi":"10.17816/nb626348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb626348","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the capabilities and availability of modern diagnostic methods, due to the low alertness of doctors, a number of cerebrovascular disorders are diagnosed late, which can lead to serious consequences, illness leading to disability and death in patients of working age. \u0000A clinical case of a young patient with recurrent cerebral venous thrombosis and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is presented.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"53 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The study of various characteristics of mentally ill persons suffering from mental disorders that influence the possibility of committing a repeated socially dangerous act. This has been one of the most urgent tasks of forensic psychiatry in recent years. The identification of such factors will significantly improve the secondary prevention of crime among the mentally ill. AIM: The purpose of the study — a comparative analysis of clinical and social characteristics in patients with mental retardation and organic psychological disorders (hereinafter referred to as DIS) who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts (hereafter referred to as DIS) and the identification of factors specific to patients with mental retardation that contribute to the commission of repeated DIS. Design: comparative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The comparative study included 65 patients diagnosed with mild and moderate mental retardation (who made up the main group A) and 45 patients with organic mental disorders (who made up the comparative group B) had repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts (OOD), who had been recognised as insane and who had undergone two or more periods of court-ordered compulsory medical treatment (hereafter referred to as MMMT) of various types. The study was carried out both in the form of a personal questionnaire and through a retrospective study of the patients' medical records. Correlation and comparative analysis were the main research methods used in the thesis. RESULTS: A number of clinical and social characteristics such as: hereditary burden of exogenous diseases (r +0.58, pi 0.05); single lifestyle (r +0.33, pi 0.05); urban place of residence (r +0.21, pi 0.05) increase the risk of repeated OOD, and are specific predictors for patients with mental retardation. A number of characteristics had a negative impact on the possibility of repeated OOD and negative correlations: the absence of any hereditary burden (r –0.44, pi 0.05), the presence of severe endogenous heredity (r –0.35, pi 0.05), living in rural areas (r –0.21, pi 0.05), concomitant alcohol dependence (r –0.29, pi 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data obtained will form the basis for the development of practical recommendations for secondary forensic psychiatric prevention, specifically for this nosological group, as well as methods for predicting and preventing recurrent DIS.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the clinical and social characteristics of persons with organic mental disorders suffering from mental retardation who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts","authors":"Sergey N. Popov, I. Vinnikova, R. Khamitov","doi":"10.17816/nb628634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb628634","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The study of various characteristics of mentally ill persons suffering from mental disorders that influence the possibility of committing a repeated socially dangerous act. This has been one of the most urgent tasks of forensic psychiatry in recent years. The identification of such factors will significantly improve the secondary prevention of crime among the mentally ill. \u0000AIM: The purpose of the study — a comparative analysis of clinical and social characteristics in patients with mental retardation and organic psychological disorders (hereinafter referred to as DIS) who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts (hereafter referred to as DIS) and the identification of factors specific to patients with mental retardation that contribute to the commission of repeated DIS. Design: comparative study. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The comparative study included 65 patients diagnosed with mild and moderate mental retardation (who made up the main group A) and 45 patients with organic mental disorders (who made up the comparative group B) had repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts (OOD), who had been recognised as insane and who had undergone two or more periods of court-ordered compulsory medical treatment (hereafter referred to as MMMT) of various types. The study was carried out both in the form of a personal questionnaire and through a retrospective study of the patients' medical records. Correlation and comparative analysis were the main research methods used in the thesis. \u0000RESULTS: A number of clinical and social characteristics such as: hereditary burden of exogenous diseases (r +0.58, pi 0.05); single lifestyle (r +0.33, pi 0.05); urban place of residence (r +0.21, pi 0.05) increase the risk of repeated OOD, and are specific predictors for patients with mental retardation. A number of characteristics had a negative impact on the possibility of repeated OOD and negative correlations: the absence of any hereditary burden (r –0.44, pi 0.05), the presence of severe endogenous heredity (r –0.35, pi 0.05), living in rural areas (r –0.21, pi 0.05), concomitant alcohol dependence (r –0.29, pi 0.05). \u0000CONCLUSION: The data obtained will form the basis for the development of practical recommendations for secondary forensic psychiatric prevention, specifically for this nosological group, as well as methods for predicting and preventing recurrent DIS.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evgenii V. Snedkov, Igor A. Volchek, Ilia V. Lemeshev
The first part of the review challenges the diagnostic concept of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE). The second part focuses on analyzing current therapeutic approaches. It is demonstrated that the use of antipsychotics or immunosuppressants poses the risk of severe complications, potentially leading to fatal outcomes, in the near or distant future. Comparing clinical and neurobiological effects associated with antibodies to the GluN1 subunit of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR1-AB) and the administration of subanesthetic doses of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist Ketamine highly suggests a neuroprotective, health-promoting role of NMDAR1-AB, which should not be suppressed but rather potentiated. Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remain the treatment of choice for acute polymorphic hyperkinetic psychoses.
{"title":"Is anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis real? II. Therapeutic challenges","authors":"Evgenii V. Snedkov, Igor A. Volchek, Ilia V. Lemeshev","doi":"10.17816/nb624112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb624112","url":null,"abstract":"The first part of the review challenges the diagnostic concept of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE). The second part focuses on analyzing current therapeutic approaches. It is demonstrated that the use of antipsychotics or immunosuppressants poses the risk of severe complications, potentially leading to fatal outcomes, in the near or distant future. Comparing clinical and neurobiological effects associated with antibodies to the GluN1 subunit of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR1-AB) and the administration of subanesthetic doses of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist Ketamine highly suggests a neuroprotective, health-promoting role of NMDAR1-AB, which should not be suppressed but rather potentiated. Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remain the treatment of choice for acute polymorphic hyperkinetic psychoses.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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