Studies of the hypothetical association between lithium in drinking water and suicide rates are considered. It is noted that some studies provide evidence of a negative association between the concentration of lithium in water and the risk of suicide, while other studies do not find convincing evidence of such association. Obviously, this issue requires further epidemiological studies that would take into account the impact of additional, primarily socioeconomic, factors. The authors of the article express the opinion that, regardless of the ability of lithium in drinking water to reduce the mortality of the population, lithium preparations, due to their obvious and proven anti-suicidal properties in pharmacological application, should be used more often in clinical practice.
{"title":"Lithium in drinking water: is it really a real reducing in mortality?","authors":"Y. Sivolap, A. Portnova","doi":"10.17816/nb119901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb119901","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the hypothetical association between lithium in drinking water and suicide rates are considered. It is noted that some studies provide evidence of a negative association between the concentration of lithium in water and the risk of suicide, while other studies do not find convincing evidence of such association. Obviously, this issue requires further epidemiological studies that would take into account the impact of additional, primarily socioeconomic, factors. \u0000The authors of the article express the opinion that, regardless of the ability of lithium in drinking water to reduce the mortality of the population, lithium preparations, due to their obvious and proven anti-suicidal properties in pharmacological application, should be used more often in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121632528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pain syndrome in the clinic of multiple sclerosis","authors":"A. M. Pysina, N. N. Snytkina, N. N. Маslova","doi":"10.17816/nb119905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb119905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132379204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conservative treatment of non-traumatic intracerebral hematoma: the risk factors","authors":"M. S. Trubilova, E. V. Guzanova, T. N. Semenova","doi":"10.17816/nb119903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb119903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132058864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nikishina, Tatyana V. Shuteeva, I. Zapesotskaya, E. Petrash
Results of the descriptors of the interceptive senses study: first, the total number of descriptors interceptive sensations significantly higher compared to healthy subjects with prevalence of pain; Second, patients with PD accurate differentiation characterized by pain descriptors and emotional relationship; third, the high intensity of pain reduces the differentiation of sensory sensations of pain, increasing the importance of emotional relationships. Analyzing the characteristics of linguistic semantic signification touch sensations of pain and emotional relationship to pain, we can conclude a high degree of differentiation of semantic units.
{"title":"Descriptors of pain sensations and sensitivity in Parkinson’s disease","authors":"V. Nikishina, Tatyana V. Shuteeva, I. Zapesotskaya, E. Petrash","doi":"10.17816/nb119890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb119890","url":null,"abstract":"Results of the descriptors of the interceptive senses study: first, the total number of descriptors interceptive sensations significantly higher compared to healthy subjects with prevalence of pain; Second, patients with PD accurate differentiation characterized by pain descriptors and emotional relationship; third, the high intensity of pain reduces the differentiation of sensory sensations of pain, increasing the importance of emotional relationships. Analyzing the characteristics of linguistic semantic signification touch sensations of pain and emotional relationship to pain, we can conclude a high degree of differentiation of semantic units.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"381 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134075451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through the times of human culture there was a desire of using various chemical compounds, obtained from both natural plant material and artificially synthesized, for recreational purposes. These substances can cause changes in the mental state, influence the human behavior, change social activity. The review is devoted to NPS, which have only been thoroughly studied in recent years. These substances include: mitragynine (Kratom), dimethyltryptamine, a new generation of serotonergic hallucinogens, ketamine, and other dissociative substances.
{"title":"New psychoactive substances: kratom, DMT, serotonergic hallucinogens, dissociative drugs. The mechanism of action, psychoactive effects","authors":"A. V. Antsyborov","doi":"10.17816/nb119895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb119895","url":null,"abstract":"Through the times of human culture there was a desire of using various chemical compounds, obtained from both natural plant material and artificially synthesized, for recreational purposes. These substances can cause changes in the mental state, influence the human behavior, change social activity. The review is devoted to NPS, which have only been thoroughly studied in recent years. These substances include: mitragynine (Kratom), dimethyltryptamine, a new generation of serotonergic hallucinogens, ketamine, and other dissociative substances.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124228188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Mashin, E. M. Dudikov, K. Zakuraeva, V. Lankov, O. Martynovich, A. V. Salomadina, L. A. Shalunova
{"title":"The Relationship of focal neurologic symptoms and emotional neuro-psychological disorders in patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke in the basin of the middle cerebral artery.","authors":"V. V. Mashin, E. M. Dudikov, K. Zakuraeva, V. Lankov, O. Martynovich, A. V. Salomadina, L. A. Shalunova","doi":"10.17816/nb119908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb119908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130171148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes of overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of schizophrenia from the standpoint of cognitive distortions in the process of cognition of clinical reality. Using the diagnosis of sluggish schizophrenia as an example, it is concluded that overdiagnosis is based on the false consensus effect, which in psychiatry reflects the diagnosticians solidarity with the position of the scientific school to which he belongs, and with the inability to resist the pressure of authorities. A clinical example of an erroneous diagnosis is given. In conclusion, it is stated that the overdiagnosis of schizophrenia and the unjustified prescription of antipsychotic therapy to patients leads to the discrediting of psychiatry and the stigmatization of the mentally ill. This trend should be reconsidered and the diagnosis of schizophrenia should be made solely on the basis of obvious, and not indirect, clinical phenomena.
{"title":"Overdiagnosis of schizophrenia as a cognitive distortion of the process of knowledge of clinical reality","authors":"V. Mendelevich","doi":"10.17816/nb160308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb160308","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes of overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of schizophrenia from the standpoint of cognitive distortions in the process of cognition of clinical reality. Using the diagnosis of sluggish schizophrenia as an example, it is concluded that overdiagnosis is based on the false consensus effect, which in psychiatry reflects the diagnosticians solidarity with the position of the scientific school to which he belongs, and with the inability to resist the pressure of authorities. A clinical example of an erroneous diagnosis is given. In conclusion, it is stated that the overdiagnosis of schizophrenia and the unjustified prescription of antipsychotic therapy to patients leads to the discrediting of psychiatry and the stigmatization of the mentally ill. This trend should be reconsidered and the diagnosis of schizophrenia should be made solely on the basis of obvious, and not indirect, clinical phenomena.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"2023 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120977232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Mendelevich, Anton S. Ivashev, Timur R. Gazizullin, E. Mendelevich
The article presents a unique clinical case of Daniil A. with multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder according to ICD-11) the first detailed description of a rare syndrome in the Russian-language scientific literature. The patient also had dissociative movement disorders in the form of pseudoepileptic seizures. The clinical picture of the disease was dominated by the symptoms of alternative of personality, second essence, Alter ego and voices. The article provides a clinical analysis of the legitimacy of designating the identified phenomena as hallucinations and delusions. The theoretical analysis included an assessment of the possibility of diagnosing psychotic symptoms within non-psychotic disorders.
{"title":"Psychopathological riddles of multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder). The case of Daniel A.","authors":"V. Mendelevich, Anton S. Ivashev, Timur R. Gazizullin, E. Mendelevich","doi":"10.17816/nb121212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb121212","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a unique clinical case of Daniil A. with multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder according to ICD-11) the first detailed description of a rare syndrome in the Russian-language scientific literature. The patient also had dissociative movement disorders in the form of pseudoepileptic seizures. The clinical picture of the disease was dominated by the symptoms of alternative of personality, second essence, Alter ego and voices. The article provides a clinical analysis of the legitimacy of designating the identified phenomena as hallucinations and delusions. The theoretical analysis included an assessment of the possibility of diagnosing psychotic symptoms within non-psychotic disorders.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123025583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND. Despite the widely discussed problem of pain chronification, the issues of assessing the relationship between emotional-affective disorders and the social status of patients with pain in the context of assessing the so-called blue flags of pain remain poorly understood. AIM. To determine the relationship between biopsychosocial factors, particularly socioeconomic status, and the quality of life of patients with back pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 32 patients suffering with non-specific back pain of various localization. During of the study, the results of neuropsychological tests (HADS, SF-36, VAS) were analyzed to assess the mental state and social aspects of the patients lives. A specially designed questionnaire was used to assess the so-called blue flags of pain, which including the level of satisfaction with work and relationships in the workplace. The statistical processing of the data obtained was carried with using the programe Statistica 6.0 with the evaluation of Students criterion and Pearsons coefficient. RESULTS. Correlations were found between emotional-affective disorders and socio-economic aspects, namely: job satisfaction and relationships with colleagues. Emotional and affective disorders were found to have a significant impact on relationships at work. People with emotional-affective disorders and chronic pain syndrome are more likely to have an unsatisfactory self-assessment of their health. The relationship between emotional-affective disorders and the intensity of the pain syndrome and life impairment was also determined, and it was found that patients with psychological distress are more susceptible to life impairment due to back pain. In the process of determining the level of quality of life of the examined individuals, low values were found according to the SF-36 questionnaire due to a decrease in the psychological component of health in patients with chronic pain syndrome (r=0.64, p 0.05). Significant correlations were found between affective disorders and job satisfaction (r=0.46, p 0.05) and relationships with co-workers (r=0.44, p 0.05), as well as pain intensity according to VAS (r=0.37, p 0.05). CONCLUSION. Socio-economic factors, the so-called blue flags of pain, together with emotional and affective disorders, have a significant impact on the outcome of the pain syndrome and largely determine the chronification of pain, with a regression in the quality of life of patients with back pain.
背景。尽管疼痛的慢性化问题被广泛讨论，在评估所谓的疼痛蓝旗的背景下，评估情绪-情感障碍和疼痛患者的社会地位之间的关系的问题仍然知之甚少。的目标。确定生物心理社会因素，特别是社会经济地位与背痛患者生活质量之间的关系。材料和方法。本研究包括32例不同部位的非特异性背痛患者。在研究期间，分析神经心理测试(HADS、SF-36、VAS)的结果，评估患者的精神状态和社会生活方面。一份特别设计的调查问卷被用来评估所谓的痛苦蓝旗，其中包括对工作和职场关系的满意度。采用统计软件Statistica 6.0对所得数据进行统计处理，采用student准则和pearson系数进行评价。结果。情绪-情感障碍与社会经济方面，即工作满意度和与同事的关系之间存在相关性。研究发现，情绪和情感障碍对工作关系有重大影响。患有情绪-情感障碍和慢性疼痛综合症的人更有可能对自己的健康有不满意的自我评估。确定了情绪-情感障碍与疼痛综合征强度及生活损害的关系，发现有心理困扰的患者更容易因背痛而发生生活损害。在确定被测个体生活质量水平的过程中，SF-36问卷显示低值是由于慢性疼痛综合征患者健康心理成分的下降(r=0.64, p 0.05)。情感障碍与工作满意度(r=0.46, p 0.05)、同事关系(r=0.44, p 0.05)、疼痛强度(r=0.37, p 0.05)存在显著相关。结论。社会经济因素，即所谓的疼痛蓝旗，与情绪和情感障碍一起，对疼痛综合征的结果有重大影响，并在很大程度上决定了疼痛的慢性化，使背痛患者的生活质量下降。
{"title":"“Blue flags” of pain such as an important factor, has been influenced in the chronification of the low back pain","authors":"E. Yakupov, Madina T. Gabdullina","doi":"10.17816/nb321283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb321283","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Despite the widely discussed problem of pain chronification, the issues of assessing the relationship between emotional-affective disorders and the social status of patients with pain in the context of assessing the so-called blue flags of pain remain poorly understood. \u0000AIM. To determine the relationship between biopsychosocial factors, particularly socioeconomic status, and the quality of life of patients with back pain. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 32 patients suffering with non-specific back pain of various localization. During of the study, the results of neuropsychological tests (HADS, SF-36, VAS) were analyzed to assess the mental state and social aspects of the patients lives. A specially designed questionnaire was used to assess the so-called blue flags of pain, which including the level of satisfaction with work and relationships in the workplace. The statistical processing of the data obtained was carried with using the programe Statistica 6.0 with the evaluation of Students criterion and Pearsons coefficient. \u0000RESULTS. Correlations were found between emotional-affective disorders and socio-economic aspects, namely: job satisfaction and relationships with colleagues. Emotional and affective disorders were found to have a significant impact on relationships at work. People with emotional-affective disorders and chronic pain syndrome are more likely to have an unsatisfactory self-assessment of their health. The relationship between emotional-affective disorders and the intensity of the pain syndrome and life impairment was also determined, and it was found that patients with psychological distress are more susceptible to life impairment due to back pain. In the process of determining the level of quality of life of the examined individuals, low values were found according to the SF-36 questionnaire due to a decrease in the psychological component of health in patients with chronic pain syndrome (r=0.64, p 0.05). Significant correlations were found between affective disorders and job satisfaction (r=0.46, p 0.05) and relationships with co-workers (r=0.44, p 0.05), as well as pain intensity according to VAS (r=0.37, p 0.05). \u0000CONCLUSION. Socio-economic factors, the so-called blue flags of pain, together with emotional and affective disorders, have a significant impact on the outcome of the pain syndrome and largely determine the chronification of pain, with a regression in the quality of life of patients with back pain.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125783034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After spinal cord injury pathological changes in the lesion site and adjacent segments are described in detail. Data are accumulating on the tissue response in the areas of the spinal cord and even the brain distant from the epicentre of spinal cord injury. The concept of plasticity and post-traumatic responses in remote lumbar regions, which contain a specific circuits of interneurons known as the central pattern generator, is particularly important for the recovery of motor function. Among the factors influencing the plasticity of neuronal connections and regenerative potential in the area remote from the lesion epicentre, myeloid infiltration, microglial reactivity, neuroinflammation, and molecular rearrangements of the extracellular matrix are only beginning to be systematically studied. After thoracic spinal cord injury rapid responses develop in the lumbar cord that are characteristic of disintegration of the axons of the descending tracts. These shifts are accompanied by glial reactivity, synapse elimination, imbalance between excitation and inhibition, and disruption of connections in neural networks. This severity of these remote changes depends on the type and severity of the injury, which determines the different involvement and degree of destruction of the descending motor pathways. The review presents an analysis of experimental data on the responses and reorganization of the neural network in the lumbar spinal cord after injury in the proximal regions. The lesional biomarkers are of particular interest as a possible cause of pathological changes in distant areas. These molecules are released from dying cells at the epicenter of injury, appear in the cerebrospinal fluid, and acting as injury-associated molecular patterns and alarmins, can exert a neurotoxic effect in areas remote from the epicenter of injury.
{"title":"Remote damage after spinal cord injury","authors":"Y. Chelyshev","doi":"10.17816/nb134117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb134117","url":null,"abstract":"After spinal cord injury pathological changes in the lesion site and adjacent segments are described in detail. Data are accumulating on the tissue response in the areas of the spinal cord and even the brain distant from the epicentre of spinal cord injury. The concept of plasticity and post-traumatic responses in remote lumbar regions, which contain a specific circuits of interneurons known as the central pattern generator, is particularly important for the recovery of motor function. Among the factors influencing the plasticity of neuronal connections and regenerative potential in the area remote from the lesion epicentre, myeloid infiltration, microglial reactivity, neuroinflammation, and molecular rearrangements of the extracellular matrix are only beginning to be systematically studied. After thoracic spinal cord injury rapid responses develop in the lumbar cord that are characteristic of disintegration of the axons of the descending tracts. These shifts are accompanied by glial reactivity, synapse elimination, imbalance between excitation and inhibition, and disruption of connections in neural networks. This severity of these remote changes depends on the type and severity of the injury, which determines the different involvement and degree of destruction of the descending motor pathways. The review presents an analysis of experimental data on the responses and reorganization of the neural network in the lumbar spinal cord after injury in the proximal regions. The lesional biomarkers are of particular interest as a possible cause of pathological changes in distant areas. These molecules are released from dying cells at the epicenter of injury, appear in the cerebrospinal fluid, and acting as injury-associated molecular patterns and alarmins, can exert a neurotoxic effect in areas remote from the epicenter of injury.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128443995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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